Ngữ pháp tiếng anh căn bản

NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

1. Các thành phần đứng sau động từ To Be :
a. Be + Adj. Ex : I am clever.
Adj ⇒ Verb + ing ( nghĩa chủ động) or Verb + ed (nghĩa bị động ) + Noun
EX: a boring lecture or a bored man

b. Be + Noun phrase
c. Be + preposition : be at home, be in class
d. Be + V-ing Ex : I am learning English.
e. Be + V3/ed Ex : The dog was killed by this man.
f. Be + to + V1 Ex : To learn English well is to try your best.

2. NOUN PHRASE ( làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong câu ) GỒM :
a. A/An …. + Adj. + Noun.
Ex : She is a nice girl. ( tính từ luôn đứng trước danh từ )
b. A/An…..+ Adv + Adj. + Noun (Adverb of degree or Adv-ly)
Ex: an extremely nice girl
Ex: a completely right test
Adverbs of degree ( trạng từ chỉ mức độ ):
extremely, very, rather, quite, fairly, pretty.
Adverb of manner ( trạng từ chỉ thể cách ) : Adj. + ly
c. A/AN .....+ ADJ. – ADJ. – ADJ - ...... + SINGULAR NOUN.
EX: A four – month – old baby

A one – eye man

d. Noun phrase + Preposition ( in, on, at, with, for, …. ) + Noun phrase.
Ex : The leg of the table is terrible.
The legs of the table are terrible.

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

3.

Short Adj. – est

One of the

Most + long Adj.

+ Noun(s/es)

+

V-S/es

( is/was)

+ ........

First, second...+ Adj

Ex: One of the nicest girls in my class/ of all (girls) is Mary. ( Một trong những …… )
Mary is one of the nicest girls in my class/ of all (girls)

4. Cách dùng “ there” :
- There + be +( not )+ any + singular uncount noun/ plural noun

→ There is/was + ( not ) + any + danh từ số ít
→ There are/were ( not ) + any + danh từ số nhiều
→ There has (not ) been + danh từ số ít
→ There have ( not ) been + danh từ số nhiều

5. Cách dùng “ neither và either”
a. Neither + Noun + nor + Plural noun + Plural verb + O........
Ex: Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.

b. Neither + Noun + nor + Singular noun + Singular verb + O........
Ex: Neither Jack nor Bill is going to the beach today.

c. Either + Noun + or + Plural noun + Plural verb + O........
Ex: Either John or his friends are going to the beach today.

d. Either + Noun + or + Singular noun + Singular verb + O........
Ex: Either Jack or Bill is going to the beach today.

6.

V-ing + N + Singular verb = Vs/es + O........( V-ing: Gerund as Subjects)
Ex: Writing many letters makes her happy.

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

7.

a. A number of + Plural noun + Plural verb (A number of=Many)
Ex: A number of students are going to the class picnic.

b. The number of + Plural noun + Singular verb ........
Ex: The number of days in a week is seven

8.

a. S (person) + need + to-infinitive + O........
Ex: His friend needs to learn English well

b. S (person) + need + someone + to-infinitive + O........
V- ING

c. S ( an inanimate object as S: Vật vô tri, vô giác) need +
Ex: The grass needs cutting or The grass needs tobe cut

to be + V 3/ED

d. S + Be + in need of + Noun ( be in need of = need )
Ex: He is in need of money

9. S + used to +V1

+ O......(thường thường: chỉ một thói quan trong quá khứ)

Ex: When he was young, he used to swim once a day. (past time habit)

10. a.

S + be + used to +Ving+ O...... ( quen với, BE chia ở hiện tại hoặc quá khứ là

tùy ý và Chủ từ luôn chỉ người)
Ex: Mary is used to reading books everyday.

b. S + be + used to + V1 …. ( Khi Chủ từ chỉ vật - bị động , nghĩa là “ …. Được
dùng để ….”
c. S + get + used to +Ving+ O......(dần dần làm quen với, từ từ quen với....)
Ex: Mary gets used to swimming everyday.

11. Would rather ..... than .......: thích ...... hơn
a. S + would rather + V1 + Noun + than + V1 / Noun.
Ex: Peter would rather drink Coca-Cola than orange juice.

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

Note: Hình thức phủ định của
- Would rather + V1 là Would rather not + V1

12. Prefer ........... to ...........: thích......hơn........
a. S + prefer + Noun + to + Noun
Ex: He prefers football to tennis.

b. S + prefer + Ving + O + to + Ving + O
Ex: He prefers playing football to watching film.

13.

a. S + would like + to V1 + O. (would like: thích) = want to + V1
Ex: I would like to visit Japan.

b. S + would like + someone + to V1 + O.
= want + someone + to V1 + O
had better

14.

S+

ought to

+ V1 + O ...... (....nên làm … như lời khuyên )

should
be supposed to

( had better ≠ had better not )

Ex: You should study harder now.

15. Cách dùng động từ “ Must” :
a. S + must + V1 ( nguyên mẫu không chia) + O....... (........ phải......: no choice)
Ex: You must study tonight.

b. S + must + be + N....... (........ chắc có lẽ ......: not sure)
Ex: He must be a doctor.

c. S + must + be + V-ing ( ….. chắc có lẽ đang ……)
Ex: She must be freezing now.
d. S + must have + V3/D + O.(....chắc có lẽ đã....: một kết luận hợp lý ở quá khứ)

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
Ex: It must have rained last night. (It probably rained last night).

16. Cách dùng động từ “ Have” :
a. S + have + Noun phrase
Ex: He has a new car.
b. S + have to + V1 + O .......(......phải..... = must).
Ex: He has to call his insurance agent today.

c. S + have + V3/ed ……
Ex : He has done his homework for 15 minutes.

17.

S + be + different from + Noun ≠ S+ be the same as …..

Ex: Their teacher is different from ours.

18. Cách dùng “ enough” :
a. S + be + Adj + enough + for someone to + V1.......
Ex: It is not cold enough for you to wear a heavy jacket.

b. S + action verb + Adv-ly + enough + for someone to + V1.......

Ex: She speaks English quickly enough for me to catch up = understand.

c. S + V + enough + Noun…..
Ex: Do you have enough sugar for the cake?.

19. Cách dùng “ too” :
a. S + be + too + Adj + for someone + to + V1....... ( ….quá ……không thể … )
b. S + action verb + too + Adv-ly + for someone to + V1.......

20. Cách dùng “ so ….. that …và such …… that” :
a. S + V + so + Adj/ Adv-ly + that + S + V.....( .....quá..... đến nỗi.......)
Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.


Tính từ là động từ to be đứng trước nó

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách là động từ thường chỉ hành động đứng trước nó

b. S + V + so + many/ few +plural count noun + that + S + V.......
S + V + so + much/ little +singular uncount noun + that + S + V.......
Ex: He had so many children that they formed his own baseball team.
Ex: The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

c. S + V + such + a/an +Adj + singular count noun + that + S + V....(...quá.. đến nỗi....)
Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors

S + V + such +Adj + non- count noun + that + S + V......
Ex : This is such difficult homework that he never finishes it.

d. S + V + such +Adj + plural count noun + that + S + V......
Ex:

These are such difficult problems that he never finished them.

21. Cách dùng “ because” :
a. Because + S + V + O, S + V + O
Ex: Because there was a traffic jam, the students arrived late.

b. Because of = In light of = due to = thanks to + N/noun phrase, S + V + O....
Ex: The students arrived late because of the traffic jam.

22. Cách dùng “ so that = in order that/ to = in order to ” :
a. S + V + ....+ so that/ in order that + S + V.....( ....để....)
Ex: He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.

b. S + V + .... + to/ in order to + V1 +..... ( ….in order for + someone to + V1)
Ex: He studied very hard to pass the test.

23.

S + be + scared of + Ving + O. = be afraid of ( e sợ ….. )
Ex: She is scared of living on her own in such a big city.

24. a.

S + reminds + someone + of + Noun /Ving...... ( nhắc nhở ai về việc gì đó )

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
Ex: That picture reminds me of the time when we loved each other

b. S + reminds + someone + to + V1....... ( nhắc nhở ai làm việc gì đó )
Ex : She reminds him to learn English.

c. S + reminds + someone + that + S + V …. ( nhắc nhở ai rằng …… )

25. a.

S + be aware of + Noun / Ving...... ( nhận thức được ….. )

b. S + be aware of + Wh/H- words + S + V …..
c. S + be aware that + S + V ……….. ( Noun clause ) ( nhận thức rằng …. )

26.

S + accuse + Someone + of + Noun / Ving...... ( buộc tội, tố cáo ai …. )

27. S + apologize to + Someone + for + Noun / Ving......
28.

( xin lỗi ai về việc gì )

It takes/took somebody + time + to infinitive ........ (Ai đó mất bao lâu để làm gì....)

29. Time clause: Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian: Áp dụng phương thức

cho các mẫu câu dưới:
* The present time phối hợp với The present time ( Hiện tại – Hiện tại )
* The future time phối hợp với The present time ( Tương lai – Hiện tại)
* The past time phối hợp với The past time ( Quá khứ - Quá khứ )
a. Since ( từ khi )+ S + V2/ED + O ....., S + have/has + V3/ED + O.......
Khác với : It + be + time + since + S + V2/ED.......( Since đôi khi có thể bỏ đi)

b. When ( khi) + S + V2/ED + O ....., S + had + V3/ED + O....... ( ngoài had + V3/ed ra
còn dùng V2/ed, was/were + V-ing )
c. As soon as ( ngay khi)/ Once(một khi)+ S + have/has + V3/ED + O, S + will + V1 + ..
d. While + S + be + V-ing …, S + be + V-ing …/ V2/ed
e. After + S + have/has + V3/ED …, S + Vs/es or w ill + V1 ….
Af ter + S + had + V3/ED …, S + V2/ED …
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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

f . B e f o r e S + Vs/es … , S + have/has + V3/ED…
Before + S + V2/ed …, S + had + V3/ED …

30.

It + be + the short Adj-est/ the most + long Adj + S + have/has + ever + V3/ED....

( …….nhất........đã từng......... )
Ex : It is the most important thing he has ever done.

31. Noun Clause ( mệnh đề danh từ với that ):
S + say/believe/know/rumour…...(that) + S* + V….....

= It is said/believed/known/rumoured/reported that + S + V... Người ta nói/tin/đồn/báo cáo
rằng....
- Hoặc S* + be + said/.....+ tobe + a/an… + adj + noun

32.

S + object / confess / look forward + to + noun phrase/ Ving ( phản đối / thú tội/

mong chờ …. )

33.

S + find / find out + that + S + V.....nhận thấy rằng......

34. S + happen + to-infinitive..........tình cờ.............
35. It was not

until + time + that + S + V2/ED ..........mãi cho đến.........thì....

It was not until + S + had + V3/ed + that + S + V2/ED

36.

The only/first/last …..+ Noun + who/which + V (usually V2/ED) + be + Noun....

The only/first/last …..+ Noun + to + V1 + O + be + Noun........ ( Active ) ( reduced )
The only/first/last + Noun + to + be V3/ed + O + be + Noun... ( Passive )( reduced )

37. S + spend/waste + time + Ving

+ ........ or Time + be spent + Ving … …

38. S + apologize to + Someone + for + keeping + someone + waiting. Xin lỗi vì để ai
đợi

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

39. It + be + stupid = silly = foolish/shy/ careless / unfair + of + someone + to do + Sth.
Ai thật khờ/ e thẹn/ bất cẩn / không công bằng đễ làm gì............

40. S + be tire of = be bored with = be fed up with+ SO + Ving....Không thích ai làm gì
41. S + be + busy = busy with + Ving.......
42. S + find/found = make +

it + adj + to + V1 / Ving ......nhận thấy thật......để......

43. S + see / watch+ someone/living things + V1/Ving.......
44. S + see/ watch + Something + V3/ED (by....)
45.

Let + someone + V1 + something
= allow/ permit + someone + to+ V1 + something ( cho phép ai làm gì …. )

46.

a. S + know how to + V1 ( biết làm gì )
b. S + learn to / how to + V1 ( học cách làm gì )

c. S + teach + SO. + how to + V1 ( dạy ai làm gì )
d. S + get/ learn + something + from + someone ( học hỏi cái gì từ ai )
e. S + explain + something + to + someone ( giải thích cái gì cho ai hiểu )

47.

S + be + capable/ incapable + of + noun/ V_ING = be able/ unable + to + V1

48.

S + V + from + time/place...+ to + time/place

49.

S+ prevent = stop/ protect + someone + from + noun/ V_ING ( ngăn chặn/ bảo vệ ai

khỏi cái gì … )

50. Quantity words + of + Adj. clause ( both of, most of, many of, much of, some of....)
EX : I read a number of articles. Most of them were very useful.
I read a number of articles, most of which were very useful.

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

51. Like ≠ Unlike + Noun/Noun Phrase, S + V + O. ( giống như/ không giống như )
S + not only + V +.......+ but also + V + ....... = not only ……….but …… as well.

52.

S + either + V +...... or + .......

/ …..neither …………….nor

S + V + .... + whether + S + V + ....+ or not
both ….. and / between ….and ….

53.

S + V + ......+ without ( mà không cần …. ) + Noun / Ving.

Ex : She cannot live without money.
Ex: I cannot stand her looking at me without closing her eyes.

54. 6 Vị TRÍ ĐỨNG CỦA TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH TRONG 1 CÂU :
- Action Verbs + Adv-ly

Ex : I slept soundly.

- Action Verbs + O + Adv-ly

Ex: I pass the exam successfully.

- Adv-ly + Action Verbs + O

Ex : I successfully pass the exam.

- Auxiliary verb ( do/does/ did/ have ….) + Adv-ly + main verb

Ex: have recently been
- Action Verbs + Adv-ly + Preposition (giới từ ) Ex : think carefully of
- A/An…..+ Adv-ly + Adj. + Noun

Ex: a very good student

55. CLAUSE WITH “IT” : Mệnh đề với “ It”
a. IT + BE + ADJ + FOR SOMEONE + TO + V1 ……
EX: It is important to be punctual for appointments.

b. IT TAKES/TOOK + SOMEONE + TIME PHRASE + TO + V1 ……
EX: It takes him a long time to learn a language.

c. IT WAS IN + ADVERBIAL TIME + THAT + S + V + O (Noun clause)
EX: It was in 1959 that Alaska became a state.

d. IT WAS + PROPER NAME/ S. PRONOUN + who + V2/ed
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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
EX: It was Jack who did most of the work
It was she who came to class with this news

e. IT + BE + THE FIRST/SECOND….+ time + S + HAVE/HAS + V3/ED + O.
Ex: It is the first time I have seen you.

f.

IT + BE + TIME FOR ME/ YOU ….. TO + V1

Ex: It is time for him to get married.

g. IT + BE SAID/BELIEVED…. that S + V + O
Ex: It was said that he was a superman.

56. Cách dùng “ Make”
a. S + MAKE(S)/ FIND + IT + ADJ + FOR + SOMEONE + TO + V1

( Nhận thấy …

thật ….. để ….. )

b. S + MAKE(S)/ DRIVE + SOMEONE + ADJ..... ( Khiến, làm, chọc … ai ….. )
c. S + MAKE(S) + SOMEONE + V1..... ( Khiến, làm, chọc … ai ….. )

57. INVERSIONS: ĐẢO NGỮ : trợ động từ đứng trước chủ từ
a. Not only/ No longer/ Not once/ At no time/ By no means/ Nowhere/ Never/ Seldom=
Rarely/Scarcely/ No sooner/Hardly/ + auxiliary verb + S + main Verb......

( Auxiliary

verbs : do/does/did ……. )
EX: Not once was he on time.

b. Only in (on, at, by,..) + noun phrase/Only once/Only recently + auxiliary verb + S +
main V...
EX: Only in an emergency should you use this exit.

c. Only if/Only because/Only until/Only when/Only after/ + S+V+O + aux.V+ S + main

V…..
EX: Only when she is satisfied is the sale considered final ( đảo ngữ vế sau )

d. So + Adj. or Participle (VING/ VED) + auxiliary verb + S + V......
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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
EX: So rare is this coin that it belong in a museum.
So confusing was the map that we had to ask the police officer for directions.

Đặc biệt lưu ý 2 mẫu câu này :
• Hardly + had + S + V3/ed + O when S + V2/ed + O........
• No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + O + than S + V2/ed + O........

58. PASSIVE VOICE : Câu bị động khi chủ từ chỉ vật
S (things) + Be + V3/ED …....By +…..+ O
The + Noun ( things ) which + be + V3/ED …… + main verb……
The + Noun ( Person ) who + be + V3/ED …… + main verb……
* to be made to + V1

* be provided with + something

59. CAUSATIVE VERBS : động khiến, nhờ, muốn ai làm gì cho mình
a. S + HAVE/HAS + SOMEONE + V1 (VERB IN SIMPLE FORM) + O. (ACTIVE)
Ex: Mary had John wash the car.
b. S + GET + SOMEONE + TO + V1 + O. (ACTIVE)
Ex: Mary got John to wash the car.
c. S + HAVE/HAS/GET + SOMETHING + V3/ED (PASSIVE)
Ex: Mary had the car washed by John.

d. S + MAKE + SOMEONE + V1 + O.........( BắT AI LÀM GÌ)
Ex: The robber made the seller give him the money
e. S + LET + SO + V1.......(.....CHO PHÉP.......) or Let S.O + not + V1 …
Ex: The teacher let the student leave class early.
= S + ALLOW/PERMIT + SOMEONE + TO/NOT TO + V1.......
f. S + WANT/NEED/FORCE… + SOMEONE + TO/NOT TO + V1.......
g. S + HELP + + SOMEONE + V1..... OR TO + V1

60.

Cách dùng “ feel” : feel – felt –felt
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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

a. S + feel like + V-ing/ Noun phrase
b. S + feel + Adj.

61. Cách dùng “ fall” thường thấy :

fall – fell – fallen

a. fall + preposition
b. fall asleep
c. fall in love with someone

62 .

Hundreds / Thoundsands / Millions/ Billions + OF + Noun -s/es + plural V

63. Cách dùng “ allow” :
a. S + allows/ allowed + someone + to + V1 + something. Cho phép ai làm gì … ( cụ thể )
b. S + allows/allowed + Ving + ....... cho phép làm gì … ( cho phép chung chung )
EX: The teacher allows speaking loudly in class.
c. S + BE (NOT) + ALLOWED + TO + V1.... Người nào đó không được phép làm gì …
EX: He is not allowed to smoke here

64. INFINITIVES : V1
a. S + V + to V1 + O (infinitive as object of a verb)
EX: She forgot to read the directions.
She pretended to cry or She pretended not to know how to eat dog meat.
b. S + V + someone + to V1 + O
EX: I need you to learn English harder.
c. To V1 + O + singular V ......... ( infinitive as subject of a verb)
EX: To read the directions is important.
d. To/ in order to + V1 + O, S + V + O (Purpose)
EX: To learn how to cook, she took lessons.
e. It + Be + Adj + (for someone) to V1 (infinitive after to be + Adj.)

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

EX: It is important to read the directions.
f. S + be + the first……/the only/ the last + person + to V1......... ( Active meaning )
EX: John Glenn was the first American to orbit the Earth.
g. S + be + the first……/the only/ the last + person + to be + V3/ed............( Passive meaning)
EX: Roberta was the first person to be asked to speak at the meeting.

65. GERUNDS WITH PREPOSITION
(in, on, at, about, with, without,...) + Ving
a. V-ing + NOUN PHRASE + VS/ES (Simple present) + O. (Gerund as subject of a verb)
EX: Playing chess is enjoyable.
b. S + V + preposition +VING + Noun Phrase. (Gerund as Object of a Verb)
EX: He enjoy playing chess.
c. S + V + Noun + preposition + VING +Noun. (Gerund as Object of a Preposition)
EX: He passes the time by playing chess.
d. S + V + PREPOSITION + my /your/our/their/his/her/....+VING +.....
EX: We objected to her cutting class last week.
e. S + V + PREPOSITION + proper name’s +VING +.....
EX: We objected to Alice’s cutting class last week.
f. Ving + NOUN PHRASE + VS/ES + O. ≠ Not + Ving + NOUN PHRASE + VS/ES + O.

Cách hình thành V-ing :
1. Giới từ + VING
EX: Before going to school, he stoped by at his friend house.
By listening, he quickly picked up the language.

2.

Noun + preposition + V-ing :

- Choice of (lựa chọn)/ Possibility of ( Khả năng)/ excuse for (xin lỗi)/ reason for( lý do)/ intention of (xu

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

hướng)/ method for (of) (phương thức)
EX: She has no excuse for behaving in that matter.

3. Be +Adj + Prep + VING
- Accustomed to (quen với)/afraid of (sợ)/amazed at (ngạc nhiên)/interested in (quan tâm)/ fond of
(thích)/tire of(chán) = be bored with = be fed up with/ tire from(mệt)/ good at (giỏi về)/bad at (dở
về)/successful in(thành công)/capable of (có thể)/Busy with (bận rộn)/excited about (hồi hộp)/ against/be
or get + used to/ keen on/ strong in/ weak at ….
- EX: The chidren are excited about going on holiday.

4.

Verbs nhất định + Giới từ + V-ing:

- Approved of: Chấp thuận

- think of = think about : Nghĩ về

- Give up: Từ bỏ

- depend on = count on = rely on = base on = focus on

- Be better off: tốt hơn

= concentrate on: lệ thuộc vào

- succeed in: thành công-

- Put off: Dập tắt, trì hoãn

- insist on: nài nỉ, đòi-

- Worry about: Lo lắng về

5.

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Gerund sau các thành ngữ cố định:

- Object to : phản đối

- take to: quan tâm

- Look forward to: mong chờ, ngóng mong

- confess to : thú tội, thú nhận

- It’s no use: mất công, không có lợi

- can’t help: Không tránh khỏi, không thể không

- It’s worth: xứng đáng

- can’t stand = can’t bear: không chịu được

- keep on = go on = carry on: tiếp tục

= hate

- It’s no worth: Không xứng đáng

- can’t resist: Không thể chống lại

- There is no + VING

- what a nuisance...!: Phiền quá

- Be busy: bận

- It’s much use: rất có lợi

EX: We are looking forward to seeing you soon.

6.

Gerund sau các động từ nhất định

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
- Admit: thừa nhận

- delay: hoãn lại

- practise: thực tập

- Miss: bỏ lỡ

- regret: lấy làm tiếc

- resent: bực tức

- Risk: Liều lĩnh

- appreciate: hiểu rõ, nhận thức

- finish: hoàn hành

- Deny: phủ nhận

- postpone: trì hoãn

- quit=stop: ngưng

- Avoid: tránh xa

- enjoy = fancy: thích

- Resume: giành lại

- consider: xem xét=involve: liên quan - recall: nhớ lại, nhắc nhở

- try: cố gắng

- Mind: phản đối, khó chịu

- like/love

- dislike: Không thích

- Detest=hate: ghét, ghê tởm

- forgive: tha thứ

- mention: đề cập

- Pardon: tha lỗi

- tolerate: khoan hồng, tha thứ

- understand: hiểu

- Recomend: giới thiệu, dặn dò

- prevent from: ngăn ngừa

- Defer: chìu theo

- Imagine: tưởng tượng

- Discuss:thảo luận

- recollect: thu gom lại

EX: He practises speaking English everyday.

7.

Gerund or infinitive after certain verb (Gerund hoặc Infinitive sau các động từ nhất định) sau:

- Begin=star: bắt đầu

- like/love: thích, yêu thương

- Can’t stand=bear: không thể chịu đựng

- continue: tiếp tục
- prefer: thích hơn

- Dread: lo sợ

- intend: dự tính

- Hate: ghét

- *Stop: ngừng

-*remember: nhớ

-*forget: quên

- Allow: cho phép

- Agree: đồng ý

- advise: Khuyên bảo

- Dislike: không thích

- Attemp: nổ lực=*try: cố gắng, thử - Leave: rời đi

- Mean: có nghĩa là

- Permit: cho phép

- Regret: tiếc

- study: học

- plan: dự trù

-Propose: đề nghị - neglect: sao lãng

* Tất cả các động từ ở phần 7 được dùng 2 cách (Gerund & Infinitive) mà ý nghĩa không thay đổi,
ngoại trừ 4 động từ stop/ remember/ forget / try nghĩa khác nhau
EX1: He started studying after dinner = He started to study after dinner: sau bữa tối, anh ấy bắt đầu học.
EX2: She stopped studying English ≠ She stopped to study English
(Cô ấy không học tiếng anh nữa ≠ Cô ấy ngừng làm một điều gì đó để học tiếng anh)
EX3: I remember locking the door before I left ≠ I remember to lock the door before I left

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
(tôi đã khóa cửa rồi bây giờ tôi nhớ rõ việc này ≠ Tôi nhớ về việc khóa cửa trước khi đi để khóa)
EX4: I tried helping her but she failed ≠ I tried to help her ( tôi đã thử giúp bà ấy ≠ tôi đã cố giúp bà ấy)
8. Gerund as a possessive adjective or noun:
EX1: Possesive Adj : Your being right doesn’t mean my being wrong (Adj + Gerund)

EX2: Possesive noun: My father’s walking improves his health (Noun’s Gerund)

66. ADJ. CLAUSE: MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH TỪ ĐÂY ĐỦ
a. The + Noun (people) who + V +....+ main Verb......(sau Who là verb)
b. The + Noun (people) whom S + V +....+ main Verb......( sauWhom là mệnh đề)
c. The + Noun (people) whose + Noun +

S + V +.... + main verb…. (Whose Possessive)

The + Noun (people) whose + Noun + Be + V3/ed +....+ main verb ………..

d. The + Noun (things) which + V + main Verb......(Which Subject)
In which ≈ where (it depends on the verb & preposition).
Every/ Each/ Some/ Any/All + Noun ( Everything/ Everyone/... ) + that + S + V + main Verb.
Every/ Each/ Some/ Any/ All+ Noun ( Everything/ Everyone/ ….. ) + that + V + main Verb...
There is/was ( not ) much + that + S + V + main Verb.....

67. FULL ADVERB CLAUSES : MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG TỪ
Cause: Because/Since + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Opposition (Contradary cause): Although =Though = Even though + S + V + O, S + V …

= Despite = In spite of + Noun phrase/ V-ing
Contrast : While + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Condition : I f + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Unless + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Time: When/while/As/Since/Untill/Once/Before/After + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Lưu ý : Khi đã dùng mệnh đề trạng từ rồi thì không đi kèm với “ but”. “ But” chỉ được dùng trong trường hợp
như sau : S + V + O, but + S + V + O.

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

68.REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES : MĐ TRẠNG TỪ RÚT GỌN
When/Although/....+

V3/ED

,

S + V + O.......... ( Reduced Adv. Clause)

V_ing

Đôi khi rút gọn ở dạng adj. hoặc 1 noun phrase
Ex : When young, she used to fall.
Ex : After luch time, they keep talking about the matter.

69. NOUN CLAUSE: SUBJECT or OBJECT
a. SUBJECT: WH/H-WORDS + S + V +.... + VS/ES + O
Ex: What you want is unknown
* What, Where, Why, Who ……/ How …., How + adj. ( How old …. )
b. OBJECT: S + V + WH/H-WORDS + S + V +....
Ex: Nobody knows what you want.
c. WITH “THAT”: OBJECT

S+

Say , know, understand, think,

that + S + V + O (NOUN CLAUSE)

believe, hear, feel, rumor, realize ……

*(THE FACT/ THE EVENT/ THE REASON) + THAT + S + V + MAIN VERB +
(NOUN CLAUSE)
EX: The fact that she passes the exam is very important.

70. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
CONDITIONAL CLAUSE :

Điều kiện có thể thực hiện được :

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION)

If + S + Vs/es + O, S + will + V1 + O.
Ex :

If he tries much more, he will improve his English.
If I have money, I will buy a new car.

THÓI QUEN HIỆN TẠI (HABITUAL)

If + S + Vs/es + O, S + always/usually/often…+ Vs/es + O.
Ex :

If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the affternoon.
I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND)

If + S + Vs/es + O, (please) + V1 + O
If + S + Vs/es + O, (please) don,t + V1
Ex:

If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.
Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.

Điều kiện không thể thực hiện được :
Điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại :

If + S + V2/ed + O, S + would/could/should/ might + V1 + O.
Ex :

If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon.
He would tell you about it if he were here.
If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him.
(He speaks very quicky)

(You can’t understand him)

Động từ to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi.
If she were you, she wouldn't go to that movie.

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NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH

Điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ :
If + S + had +V3/ed + O, S + would/could/should/ might + have + V3/ed + O.
Ex : If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(We didn’t know ...)

(We didn’t write you a letter)

Rút gọn If : Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it.
Rút gọn If :

Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it.

Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện không phải lúc nào cũng tuân theo qui luật trên. Trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt,
một vế của điều kiện là quá khứ nhưng vế còn lại có thể ở hiện tại (do thời gian qui định).
If she had caught the train, she would be here by now.

71. Exclamative Sentence ( Câu cảm thán ! )
What + a/an + adj + noun !
Ex:
What a lazy student!
What an interesting book!
Khi danh từ ở số nhiều, không dùng “a/an”:
What beautiful flowers!
What tight shoes!

Đối với danh từ không đếm được: what + adj + danh từ !
What beautiful weather!

How + adj + S + V!
How cold it is!
How interesting that film is!
How well she sings!
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