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Adjectives as Modifiers

(Adjectives With Nouns

and Pronouns) • Practice 1
Adjectives With Nouns and Pronouns

An adjective is used to describe a noun or pronoun.
Adjectives answer the questions What kind? Which one? How many? or How much? about the nouns or
pronouns they modify.
ADJECTIVE QUESTIONS
What Kind?
Which One?
How Many?
How Much?

Exercise 1

white fence
this photo
two snacks
enough time

unhappy child
each one

many others
more pizza

Recognizing Adjectives and the Words They Modify. In the sentences below

underline each adjective, and circle the noun or pronoun it modifies.

EXAMPLE: A hungry lion

stalked the frightened animals
animals .

1. Laura bought a blue blouse with white lace trimmings.
2. Several athletes complained about the old stadium.
3. The writer, tall and impressive, entered the auditorium.
4. Each one in the class will develop an original project.
5. I made three attempts to reach the local representative.
6. A gracious hostess greeted us at the flower show.
7. The branches, dry and peeling, showed the effects of the drought.
8. We packed the fragile glassware in a reinforced container.
9. The investigator hopes to get some answers from the lone witness.
10. The decorator suggested using three large paintings to cover the bare wall.

Exercise 2

Using Adjectives in Sentences. Complete the sentences below by filling in an

appropriate adjective in each blank space.

EXAMPLE: My

foreign

car is equipped with

1. A

radial

tires.

teacher scolded the

student.

2. My mother just bought a

suit.

3. Maxwell Elementary School,
4. A

and

, will soon be closed.

visitors waited to see the

prime minister.

5. The front of the house is painted
6. This

and
edition of the book is

7. Do you have

police cars followed the

9.

one is by far the

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.

time to pay for the

8.

10. A

.

,

bike?
van.

version.

crowd greeted the hero.

Adjectives as Modifiers (Adjectives With Nouns and Pronouns) • 23


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Adjectives as Modifiers

(Proper Adjectives,
Compound Adjectives) • Practice 1

Proper Adjectives A proper adjective is a proper noun used as adjective or an adjective formed from a
proper noun.
Proper Nouns as Proper Adjectives

Proper Adjectives from Proper Nouns

Kennedy memoirs
Brooklyn Bridge celebration
Chicago meeting

Congressional elections
Shakespearean costumes

Indian customs

Compound Adjectives A compound adjective is an adjective made up of more than one word.
Hyphenated Compound Adjectives

Combined Compound Adjectives

three-piece suit
full-time job

newspaper reporter
schoolwide project

Exercise 1

Recognizing Proper Adjectives. Underline the proper adjective in each sentence

below and circle the noun it modifies.

EXAMPLE: A Kansas tornado
tornado

destroyed three towns.

1. The Senate committee adjourned the hearing.
2. My uncle just recorded a Beethoven symphony.
3. Our Canadian relatives will arrive next week.
4. Did you see the last Super Bowl special?
5. My social studies report is on Victorian traditions.
6. This new restaurant features American favorites.

7. A Chicago group wants to purchase land in our area.
8. I found that Newsflash Magazine article fascinating.
9. The Russian ballet will appear in Los Angeles soon.
10. The general manager canceled the Monday meeting.

Exercise 2

Recognizing Compound Adjectives. Underline the compound adjective in each

sentence below and circle the noun it modifies.

EXAMPLE: Hyperactive children
children

sometimes need treatment.

1. Have you ever taken a multiple-choice test?
2. We invited a professional football player to visit us.
3. Our next guest will be a well-known actress.
4. When do we change to daylight-saving time?
5. My talented aunt is designing a crisscross pattern.
6. We have just formed a cleanup squad.
7. Our inept team actually scored a first-quarter touchdown.
8. I have two nearsighted brothers.
9. We have planned a life-size statue of Winston Churchill.
10. People are afraid he will be a rubber-stamp legislator.

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Adjectives as Modifiers (Proper Adjectives, Compound Adjectives) • 27

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Adjectives • Practice 1

Adjectives as Modifiers

An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives usually answer one of
these four questions about the nouns and pronouns they modify: What kind? Which one? How many? How
much?
ADJECTIVE QUESTIONS
What Kind?
Which One?
How Many?
How Much?

Exercise 1

blue house
this bicycle
two balloons
no snow

small dog
each state

few boys
enough money

Recognizing Adjectives and the Words They Modify.

Underline the two adjectives
in each sentence below. Circle the words they modify. Do not underline a, an, or the.

EXAMPLE: The vast, flat desert

stretched before him.

1. The sleek gray horse galloped across the pasture.
2. This fine novel was written by a friend of mine.
3. The long, narrow column of soldiers marched through the pass.
4. Every qualified person can enter the contest.
5. Bob loaded the plate with four large sandwiches.
6. Make one special wish and blow out the candles.
7. The car was a powerful and efficient vehicle.
8. During the winter, we had little snow and no temperatures that fell below zero.
9. I am proud and happy to receive the award.
10. Great flocks of large birds migrate here in the spring.

Exercise 2

Using Adjectives in Sentences.

EXAMPLE: We took

beautiful

1. The
2. They sailed their

photographs of the sunset.
balloon carried the
boat across the

3. We could see herds of
4. She was wearing a
5. We enjoy our
6. Where are the
7. I have
8. Give me your
9. We saw
10. She cooked a

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Fill in each blank with an adjective.

men high above the city.
lake.

buffalo on the
dress and a

plains.
hat.

vacation.
bowls and the

plates that you brought?

new records for the party.
sweater so I can stay warm.
games at the

stadium this fall.

Chinese dinner last night.

Adjectives • 21


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Demonstrative and Interrogative
Adjectives • Practice 1

Demonstrative Adjectives The four demonstrative pronouns, this, that, these, and those, are often
used as demonstrative adjectives.
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
Pronoun: We bought that.
Adjective: We bought that shirt.

Pronoun: He planted those.
Adjective: He planted those seeds.

Interrogative Adjectives Which, what, and whose can be used as adjectives.
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
Pronoun: Which will she want?
Adjective: Which toy will she want?

Pronoun: Whose is it?
Adjective: Whose book is it?

Exercise 1

Recognizing Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives. Circle this, that, these, or
those in each sentence. On each line at the right, tell whether the word is used as a pronoun or an
adjective.

EXAMPLE: Let’s move this

chair into your room.

adjective

1. These are the best ice skates I have ever owned.
2. Betsy chose this topic for her speech.
3. These trees must be one hundred years old.
4. This is going to be a beautiful day.
5. If we score this goal, we will win.
6. Winslow Homer painted these.

7. These designs were created by Leonardo da Vinci.
8. This year my birthday falls on Saturday.
9. I never thought of that.
10. That chair is too big for the room.

Exercise 2

Identifying Interrogative Pronouns and Adjectives. Circle the word which, what,
or whose in each sentence. If it is used as a pronoun, write pronoun after it. If it is used as an
adjective, write the noun it modifies after it.

EXAMPLE:

Which

pen did you buy?

pen

1. Which way is it?
2. What kind of model did you build?
3. Whose hairdryer are you using?
4. Which novel did you enjoy best?
5. What have you planned for your vacation?
6. Which test was the hardest for you?
7. Whose play are you rehearsing?
8. What vegetable would you like for dinner?
9. Which of the children went to the party?
10. What happened in the world today?

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Demonstrative and Interrogative Adjectives • 29


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Possessive Adjectives • Practice 1

Possessive Adjectives The following personal pronouns are often called possessive adjectives: my,
your, his, her, its, our, and their. These pronouns are considered adjectives because they are used before
nouns and answer the question Which one? They are also pronouns because they have antecedents.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
ANTECEDENT
Bill took

POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVE
his

ANTECEDENT
The men put

POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVE
their

NOUN
MODIFIED
uniform to school.
NOUN
MODIFIED
boat on shore.

Exercise 1

Identifying Possessive Adjectives. In each sentence below, underline the possessive
adjective once and the noun it modifies twice. Circle the antecedent.

EXAMPLE:

I

am having my tooth filled tomorrow.

1. We are leaving our dog at the kennel.
2. The explorers pitched their tent in the woods.
3. On Monday, I am starting my training.
4. The crow protected its young from danger.
5. I took my parents to the play on opening night.
6. Sarah left her wallet in the car.
7. Yesterday, Bill became president of his class.
8. The general directed his men in battle.
9. They put on their costumes for Halloween.
10. You should give your suggestions to the principal.

Exercise 2

Using Possessive Adjectives in Sentences.

Fill in each blank with a possessive

adjective. Circle its antecedent.

EXAMPLE:

She

lost

her

way in the forest.

1. Bill brought

parrot to class today.

2. The duck sat on

eggs to keep them warm.

3. We must finish

papers before tomorrow.

4. That old house is showing

age.

5. Carol took
6. After

sister shopping at the mall.
boat capsized, the boys were rescued by the Coast Guard.

7. When

trip to England had ended, George was sorry to leave.

8. You are responsible for keeping

room clean.

9. The wind was so strong that I lost
10. That dog is waiting for

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hat.
dinner.

Possessive Adjectives • 27


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Pronouns Used as Adjectives

(Interrogative

and Indefinite Adjectives) • Practice 1
Interrogative Adjectives Three interrogative pronouns—which, what, and whose —can be used as
interrogative adjectives.
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
Which member of the team scored the most points?
What kind of hiking boots did you buy?
Whose composition was read aloud in class?

Indefinite Adjectives Some indefinite pronouns can also be used as indefinite adjectives. Some
indefinite adjectives can be used only with singular nouns, some only with plural nouns, and some with
both.
INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES
Used with Singular Nouns: another, each, either, neither
Used with Plural Nouns: both, few, several, many
Used with Singular or Plural Nouns: all, any, more, most, other, some

Exercise 1

Recognizing Interrogative and Indefinite Adjectives. Underline the interrogative
or indefinite adjective in each sentence below, and circle the noun it modifies. Then write whether the
pronoun is indefinite or interrogative.

EXAMPLE: Each visitor

was given a souvenir.

Indefinite

1. Both singers gave outstanding performances tonight.
2. Whose report did you like the best?
3. I still expect to read another book this week.
4. There are many explanations for her absence.
5. Chris suggested many ideas which could work.
6. Several doctors attended the patient.
7. Most visitors to the country fair were pleased with the exhibits.
8. Have you developed some new styles recently?
9. All indications point to a glorious victory.
10. What excuse will the principal offer the students?

Exercise 2

Using Interrogative and Indefinite Adjectives in Sentences. Fill in the blank in

each sentence below with an appropriate interrogative or indefinite adjective.

EXAMPLE: I just can’t give them
1.

other

topics.

countries would you like to visit this summer?

2. My guess is that there are only a
3.
4. I know
5. Bill asked

possibilities.

contestant will sing two numbers.
students who will participate.
friends to go to the junior high dance.

6.

movie is fine with me.

7.

dictionary did she borrow?

8.

explanation is better than none.

9. We waited
10.

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hours for them to arrive.
sport will rival basketball at our school?

Pronouns Used as Adjectives (Interrogative and Indefinite Adjectives) • 31


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Pronouns Used as Adjectives

(Possessive and

Demonstrative Adjectives) • Practice 1
Possessive Adjectives A pronoun is used as an adjective if it modifies a noun. A personal pronoun
used as a possessive adjective answers the question Which one? about a noun that follows it.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
my
your

his
her

its
our

their

Demonstrative Adjectives The four demonstrative pronouns—this, that, these, and those —can also
be used as demonstrative adjectives.
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
I want this one.
She chose that car.
These apples are sour.
Did you read those notes?

Exercise 1

Recognizing Possessive and Demonstrative Adjectives. Underline the possessive
or demonstrative adjective in each sentence below, and circle the noun it modifies.

EXAMPLE: The committee chose those colors .
1. Have you explained their responsibilities to them?
2. Everyone found his report terribly upsetting.
3. Unfortunately, those cartons are blocking the main entrance.
4. This short story by Pearl Buck has a surprise ending.
5. Did you speak to your grandmother last night?
6. Maureen has wanted that jacket for a long time.
7. If you are interested, I will show you my camera.
8. All of these recipes are sugar-free.
9. I really wanted to give them our opinion first.
10. I think her graphic will certainly win a prize.

Exercise 2

Using Possessive and Demonstrative Adjectives in Sentences. Fill in the blank in

each sentence below with an appropriate possessive or demonstrative adjectives.

EXAMPLE: We explained
1.

our

idea to them.
manual explains what you have to do.

2. Later, I told them

plans for the new theater.

3. Have you found

glasses yet?

4. I suggest that you study

charts carefully.

5. Paula described

frightening experience to us.

6. You can redeem

coupons in the supermarket.

7. Before they left, they paid for

tickets.

8. My father asked me to send you
9. All of
10.

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best wishes.
cars have diesel engines.

explanation seems to be incorrect.

Pronouns Used as Adjectives (Possessive and Demonstrative Adjectives) • 29


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Adverbs • Practice 1

Adverbs That Modify Verbs An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. An adverb
that modifies a verb will answer one of these four questions: Where? When? In what manner? To what
extent?
ADVERBS THAT MODIFY VERBS

Where?
When?
In What Manner?
To What Extent?

Exercise 1

walked away
went today
works carelessly
thoroughly finished

went inside
travels seldom
runs swiftly
hardly begun

Recognizing Adverbs That Modify Verbs.

In each sentence, underline the adverb
that modifies a verb. On each line at the right, write the question the adverb answers.

EXAMPLE: We never walk to school.

When?

1. She ran rapidly around the track.
2. I began my piano lessons reluctantly.
3. I had barely started eating when we had to leave.
4. The new building was completely destroyed by fire.

5. I have seldom heard such noise.
6. This summer we went to the shore frequently.
7. Slowly, he climbed the ladder.
8. They met outside.
9. The large dog climbed into its bed clumsily.
10. I was really surprised by the party you had arranged for me.

Exercise 2

Adding Adverbs to Modify Verbs.

Fill in the blank in each sentence below with an

appropriate adverb.

EXAMPLE: She

never

finishes her work on time.

1. The train rolled

down the track.

2. My uncle travels

to Europe.

3. Give me that pen

.

4. The magazine arrives

at our house.

5. We had

finished painting the room by five o’clock.

6. Let’s go

and talk about your ideas.

7. That quarterback
8. The sun shone
9. The newspaper is printed
10. They paddled their canoe

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fumbles the ball.
on the painted desert.
throughout the year.
along the swollen stream.

Adverbs • 31

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Adverbs as Modifiers

(Modifying Adjectives and

Other Adverbs) • Practice 1
Adverbs Modifying Adjectives An adverb modifying an adjective answers the question To what
extent?
ADVERBS MODIFYING ADJECTIVES
often ready
too late

extremely helpful
scarcely prepared

Adverbs Modifying Other Adverbs An adverb modifying another adverb also answers the question
To what extent?
ADVERBS MODIFYING ADVERBS
moves quite rapidly
drives more carefully

Exercise 1

visits less regularly
speaks very slowly

Recognizing the Words Adverbs Modify. On the blank at the right, write whether

each underlined adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb.

EXAMPLE: Her coat appears rather short.

adjective

1. Bob should learn to speak more clearly.
2. The senator was nearly late for his meeting.
3. The patient’s reactions seem rather slow.
4. Her explanation is perfectly correct.
5. The doctor arrived very quickly at the scene of the accident.
6. Yes, I am somewhat embarrassed at his actions.
7. My best friend is often absent from school.
8. For my taste she plays too rapidly.
9. We receive a new shipment almost weekly.
10. At her audition Carrie seemed slightly upset.

Exercise 2

Adding Adverbs to Sentences. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an adverb
that answers the question To what extent? Circle the word it modifies.

EXAMPLE: This road is

often

deserted

deserted

1. Richard seemed
2.

at night.
disturbed at the news.

early in her speech, she began to stumble.

3. My older sister swims

rapidly.

4. The federal agents approached the building
5. John played his clarinet

cautiously.
well.

6. After the trip my grandmother looked
7. Response time to fires is now

tired.
more rapid.

8. Finally, the family is

ready to go.

9. Tom plays shortstop

awkwardly.

10. This salesman is

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late for appointments.

Adverbs as Modifiers (Modifying Adjectives and Other Adverbs) • 35


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Adverbs as Modifiers

(Modifying Verbs)

• Practice 1
Adverbs Modifying Verbs Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. An adverb modifying a
verb will answer one of four questions about the verb: Where? When? In what manner? or To what extent?
ADVERBS MODIFYING VERBS

Exercise 1

Where?
jogged here
signaled left

When?
arrive tonight
will speak soon

In What Manner?
smiled happily
willingly gave

To What Extent?
hardly know
explained completely

Recognizing Adverbs That Modify Verbs. Underline the adverb in each sentence.

In the space provided, indicate which question the adverb answers: where? when? in what manner? or
to what extent?

EXAMPLE: They nearly had an accident.

to what extent?

1. I arrive early at school on Fridays.
2. To reach the mall, turn left at the light.
3. Everyone reacted sadly to the news.
4. My brother will be going away to college.
5. Do you thoroughly understand your task?

6. Bring all the reference books here.
7. I opened the door to the barn cautiously.
8. Nina is barely acquainted with them.
9. I will drive tomorrow at the festival.
10. The train suddenly jolted to a halt.

Exercise 2

Writing Original Sentences with Adverbs. Use each adverb below in an original

sentence. Make certain that the adverb modifies the verb.

EXAMPLE: nearly

My grandmother nearly slipped on the ice.

1. quickly
2. here
3. completely
4. soon
5. away
6. easily
7. tomorrow
8. almost
9. quietly
10. hardly

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Adverbs as Modifiers (Modifying Verbs) • 33

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Adverbs Used in Sentences • Practice 1

Finding Adverbs in Sentences Some of the many possible locations of adverbs in sentences are
shown in this chart.
LOCATION OF ADVERBS IN SENTENCES
At the Beginning of a Sentence: Slowly, she walked away.
At the End of a Sentence: She walked away slowly.
Before a Verb: She slowly walked toward the door.
After a Verb: She walked slowly away.
Before an Adjective: I had a very slow start.
Before another Adverb: She walked very slowly.

Adverb or Adjective?

Some words can be either adverbs or adjectives, depending on the word

modified.
ADVERB OR ADJECTIVE
Adverb Modifying Verb: He jumps high.
Adjective Modifying Noun: This is a high jump.
Adverb Modifying Adjective: It is unusually hot.

Exercise 1

Distinguishing Between Adverbs and Adjectives. Write whether the underlined

word in each sentence is an adverb or an adjective.

EXAMPLE: She appears confused by the instructions.

adjective

1. This problem looks easy to me.
2. Karen completed the experiment easily.
3. I enjoy reading the weekly news magazine.
4. We were hardly surprised by the election results.
5. He dove perfectly off the board.
6. Mr. Henderson seems uniquely qualified for the job.
7. Carol always has a friendly smile for everyone.
8. The second act was the best part of the play.
9. I stooped low and picked up the napkin.
10. Bill has a very low opinion of himself.

Exercise 2

Using Adverbs and Adjectives in Sentences.

Write an appropriate adjective or

adverb in each blank.

EXAMPLE: The baby crawled

1. Vincent performed
2. She won her
3. Mom drove us
4. We enjoyed a
5. The

slowly

around its playpen.
at his swim meet.
blue ribbon at the horse show.
home from school.
ride in her motor boat.

scheduled train is not running today.

6. They

eat lunch at a fancy restaurant.

7. With

planning, we will succeed.

8. She dribbled the ball
9. Who painted those
10. This author

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past her opponents.
pictures?
writes about modern America.

Adverbs Used in Sentences • 35


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Adverbs Used in Sentences • Practice 1

Finding Adverbs in Sentences Adverbs can be located in almost any part of a sentence: at the
beginning or end of a sentence; before, after, or between the parts of a verb; before an adjective; and before
another adverb.
FINDING ADVERBS
Suddenly, they appeared.
I am not surprised.

My cousin smiled happily.
She is rather tall.

Adverb or Adjective? Some words can be either adverbs or adjectives. Remember that an adverb
modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun.

Exercise 1

Adverbs

Adjectives

Our team plays hard.
She exercises daily.

We also use a hard ball.
We have a daily drill.

Finding Adverbs in Sentences. Locate the adverbs in these sentences. Underline

the adverbs and circle the words they modify.

EXAMPLE: At the debate you must
must speak
speak

clearly.

1. Surprisingly, I finished my homework in a hour.
2. I have often wondered about her past.
3. We have changed our minds completely.
4. Our new math teacher is extremely pleasant.
5. The gymnast performed all her tasks smoothly.
6. Unfortunately, the bad weather prevented the picnic.
7. On Saturdays, Bill and Phil thoroughly clean their apartment.
8. Gloria has not forgotten the insult.
9. My dance teacher always agrees to perform for us.
10. After a little work, the engine purred smoothly.

Exercise 2

Distinguishing Between Adjectives and Adverbs. In the space provided, write

whether the underlined word is an adjective or an adverb.

EXAMPLE: We have a weekly conference.

adjective

1. On the day of the fair Sandy awoke early.
2. My sister has always been a fast eater.
3. I have an uncle who sings beautifully.
4. We bought Mom a lovely present for her birthday.
5. Our insurance salesmen works late twice a week.
6. Make certain to give the squad leader an early signal.
7. Our Spanish teacher speaks too fast.
8. For breakfast I usually eat a hard roll.
9. My friend lives close to the racetrack.
10. Sam had an extremely close call this morning.

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Adverbs Used in Sentences • 37


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Adverbs • Practice 1

Adverbs That Modify Adjectives An adverb modifying an adjective answers only one question. To
what extent?
ADVERBS THAT MODIFY ADJECTIVES
very happy
too close

Adverbs That Modify Other Adverbs

completely wrong
not tired
An adverb modifying another adverb also answers just one

question. To what extent?
ADVERBS THAT MODIFY ADVERBS
slept very soundly
arrived too early

spoke quite loudly
won rather easily

Exercise 1

Recognizing the Words Adverbs Modify. Circle the word each underlined adverb
modifies. On each blank write whether the circled word is an adjective or another adverb.

EXAMPLE: Rain fell very heavily

for an hour.

adverb

1. His escape was too close for comfort.
2. I am very sorry about missing your party.
3. The tiger leaped extremely high.
4. The walls of the castle were so strong that no one could break through
them.
5. The baby played rather quietly in her crib.
6. This engine seems rather noisy to me.
7. The cat crept very softly toward its prey.
8. We hardly ever eat lunch before 1:00 P.M.
9. I am playing tennis more often these days.
10. Carol seems less afraid of snakes now that she has read about them.

Exercise 2

Using Adverbs in Sentences. Fill in each blank with an appropriate adverb that

answers the question To what extent?

EXAMPLE: I visit my uncle

very

frequently.

1. The town will start building the new park

soon.

2. Everyone seemed

upset by the coach’s announcement.

3. You are spending

too much money on clothing.

4.

enough people have signed up for the baseball game.

5. They carried the priceless glass vase

carefully.

6. We arrived at the airport
7. Gerald has a

late to catch our plane.
good chance to win.

8. This year’s play was
9. She skied
10. Will we arrive

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successful than last year’s performance.
well for a beginner.
soon?

Adverbs • 33


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Prepositions

(Preposition or Adverb?) • Practice 1

Preposition or Adverb? Some words can be either prepositions or adverbs, depending on how they
are used. A preposition will always be followed by a noun or pronoun used as an object. Adverbs modify
verbs and have no objects.

Exercise 1

Prepositions

Adverbs

She peered across the lake.

The note is inside the box.
The car streaked past us.

Mary will look across.
Please wait inside.
The prisoner slipped past.

Distinguishing Between Prepositions and Adverbs.

Write whether the underlined

word in each sentence is a preposition or an adverb.

EXAMPLE: My cousin wriggled and tried to slide through.

adverb

1. I casually strolled through the entrance.
2. Around our house we always have excitement.
3. We were told to travel along this road for two miles.
4. From the bridge Susan tried to look underneath.
5. Do you think you can walk past the guards?
6. Behind the closet is a secret passageway.
7. After ten hours of work Tom was finally through.
8. Walk around to see if you can spot mother.
9. An angry crowd surged near the governor.
10. Pass along until you reach the sentry at the gate.

Exercise 2
Adding Prepositions and Adverbs to Sentences. The sentences below are grouped

in pairs. For each pair, select a word that fits appropriately and write it in the spaces provided. Label
the adverb A and the preposition P.
EXAMPLE: Walk over.

A
Throw the ball over the fence.

1. a.
b.
2. a.
b.
3. a.
b.
4. a.

Your best friend is

the phone.

Keep your jacket
Please come
We have a canopy

.
.
the window.

Keep searching. You will find the recipe

.

The emergency hose is
I hope to see them

b.

The curio shop happens to be

5. a.

Don’t forget to turn the lights

b.

p

Paint has begun to chip

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the radiator.
.
the corner.
.
the wall.

Prepositions (Preposition or Adverb?) • 41


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Prepositions

(Words Used as Prepositions,
Prepositional Phrases) • Practice 1

Words Used as Prepositions Prepositions are words such as in, at, from, ahead of, and next to. A
preposition relates the noun or pronoun following it to another word in the sentence.
PREPOSITIONS
Traffic was halted





at
near
in back of





the bridge.

Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase is a group of words that includes a preposition and a

noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Prepositions Objects of the Prepositions
across
between
next to

Exercise 1

the street
us
the old statue

Identifying Prepositions. Underline each preposition in the sentences below. Some

sentences have more than one.

EXAMPLE: Without oxygen she will never make it to the hospital.
1. I placed the lawn mower in a corner of the garage.
2. During the spring I often visit a flower show.
3. A man from the IRS called father at home.
4. She finally agreed in spite of her original protests.
5. Father is not terribly worried about them.
6. You will find extremely poor construction behind the wall.
7. Is this complicated project beyond them?
8. The invading army marched into the valley without warning.
9. The book is underneath the pillow near the headboard.
10. In addition to having bad manners, she leaves her clothes on the floor.

Exercise 2

Identifying Prepositional Phrases. Place parentheses around each prepositional
phrase. Underline each preposition and circle its object. Some sentences have more than one
prepositional phrase.
EXAMPLE: (In the morning
morning ) we left (for San
San Diego
Diego ).
1. From the meeting we strolled into the restaurant.
2. We listened intently throughout the manager’s presentation.
3. A group of students demonstrated in front of the building.
4. As of this morning, the game was cancelled.
5. At dawn we attempted to swim across the river.
6. The investigators from the police station found evidence under the bridge.
7. We raced through the enemy town at great speed.
8. Instead of hamburgers, we had salads for lunch.
9. The road marker is some distance in front of the chalet.
10. According to the travel agent, we should arrive about noon.

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Prepositions (Words Used as Prepositions, Prepositional Phrases) • 39


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Adjectives

(Modification, Articles) • Practice 1

The Process of Modification An adjective is a word used to describe a noun or pronoun, or to give a
noun or pronoun a more specific meaning. Adjectives answer the questions What kind? Which one? How
many? or How much? about the nouns or pronouns they modify.
ADJECTIVE QUESTIONS
What Kind?

rare coin

lucky one

Which One?

first try

that dog

How Many?

seven days

few people

How Much?

adequate time

no money

Articles The definite article, the, indicates that the noun it modifies refers to a specific person, place, or
thing. The indefinite articles, a and an, indicate that the nouns they modify may refer to any one of a class
of people, place, or things. The following chart summarizes the rules for choosing between a and an.

Exercise 1

Consonant Sounds

Vowel Sounds

a
a
a
a

an
an
an
an

book
horn (h sound)
one-day sale (w sound)
unicycle (y sound)

i ncident
honorable decision (no h sound)
open door (o sound)

umbrella (u sound)

Identifying Adjectives. Underline the two adjectives in each sentence. Do not count

a, an, and the.

EXAMPLE: The final play in the game was spectacular.
1. Dad divided the apple pie among the eager guests.
2. The runner was proud of setting a new record.
3. The passengers remained calm in spite of the turbulent weather.
4. The giant spacecraft orbited Earth for ten days.
5. Everything always looks fresher and greener after a rainfall.
6. No one in the class had the correct answer to the last question.
7. Cellars of old houses near the river flood during heavy rains.
8. The first speaker raised an interesting point.
9. At the last debate, Collins seemed the stronger candidate.
10. The new students were eager to volunteer.

Exercise 2

Using Articles in Sentences. Fill in each blank with the correct article called for in

parentheses.

EXAMPLE:

a

Halloween costume (indefinite)

1.

exotic flower (indefinite)

2.

plaid coat (definite)

3.

one-horse town (indefinite)

4.

unanimous vote (indefinite)

5.

honorary degree (indefinite)

6.

final episode (definite)

7.

unique opportunity (indefinite)

8.

new book (definite)

9.

travel agent (definite)

10.

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unusual bird (indefinite)

Adjectives (Modification, Articles) • 21


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Adjectives

(Nouns Used as Adjectives, Proper and
Compound Adjectives) • Practice 1

Nouns Used as Adjectives A noun used as an adjective answers the question What kind? or Which
one? about a noun that follows it.
Nouns

Nouns Used as Adjectives

Snack
ring

snack food (What kind of food?)
ring finger (Which finger?)

Proper and Compound Adjectives A proper adjective is a proper noun used as an adjective or an
adjective formed from a proper noun.
Proper Nouns as Adjectives

Proper Adjectives from Proper Nouns

Boston newspaper
India ink

Bostonian dialect
Indian curry

A compound adjective is an adjective made up of more than one word.
Hyphenated Compound Adjectives

Combined Compound Adjectives

long-distance operator
saber-toothed tiger

bedtime story
household goods

Exercise 1

Recognizing Nouns Used as Adjectives, Proper Adjectives, and Compound
Adjectives. On each blank at the right, write noun, proper adjective, or compound adjective to

describe the underlined adjective in that sentence.

EXAMPLE: We had dinner in a Greek restaurant.

proper adjective

1. The decision had far-reaching effects.
2. Ms. Wallace is running for a town office.
3. David Copperfield is a favorite Dickensian character.
4. My mother raises African violets.
5. Those children like peppermint-flavored ice cream.
6. Dairy products are good sources of calcium and protein.
7. Each camper had a bottle of insect repellent.
8. The Parkers are very closemouthed about their new business.
9. We have a birdbath in our rose garden.
10. This juice comes from Florida oranges.

Exercise 2

Using Proper and Compound Adjectives to Modify Nouns. Rewrite each word
group below to contain a proper adjective or a compound adjective before the main noun.

EXAMPLE: Lens with a wide angle

wide-angle lens

1. cafe on a sidewalk
2. hat of a cowboy
3. serape from Mexico
4. streets of the inner city
5. island in Hawaii

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Adjectives (Nouns Used as Adjectives, Proper and Compound Adjectives) • 23


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Conjunctions

(Subordinating Conjunctions)

• Practice 1
Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions connect two ideas by making one idea less
important than the other.
FREQUENTLY
after
although
as

as if
as soon as

USED SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
as though
since
until
because
so that
when
before
than
whenever
even though
though
wherever
if
unless
while

Exercise 1

Recognizing Subordinating Conjunctions. Circle the subordinating conjunction in
each sentence below. Then underline the dependent idea that follows it.

EXAMPLE:

When

I received the package, I jumped for joy.

1. Mother entered the store while everyone else waited in the car.
2. Although I understand his reason, I cannot accept his poor behavior.
3. Unless I hear from the committee tomorrow, I will change my plans.
4. Uncle Bob always phones whenever he is in town.
5. I can’t go to the concert because I have to study for my finals.
6. Even though I enjoy some of the new musical groups, I don’t think any group can replace the Beatles.
7. Unless we notify the book club, we will continue to get a new book each month.
8. Melody will bring us the tomato plants as soon as she returns from Boston.
9. Mother wants a new car so that she can drive herself to work.
10. Our team can win the championship if it continues to train hard.

Exercise 2

Writing Sentences Using Conjunctions. Fill in the blanks with words that will
complete each sentence. All three kinds of conjunctions are included below.
EXAMPLE:

I will polish the car

since

Father needs it tomorrow

1. When
2.

,

.

so that

.

or

3. Either
4.

6. Both

8. If
9.
10. Whenever

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.

, but

.
,

5. Unless

7.

.

.

and
even though

.
.

,

.

, or

.
,

.

Conjunctions (Subordinating Conjunctions) • 45


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Pronouns Used as Adjectives • Practice 1

Possessive Pronouns or Adjectives A pronoun is used as an adjective if it modifies a noun. A
personal pronoun used as a possessive adjective answers the question Which one? about a noun that
follows it.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
my

your

his

her

its

our

their

Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Adjectives A demonstrative, interrogative, or
indefinite pronoun used as an adjective answers the question Which one? How many? or How much? about
the noun that follows it.
Demonstrative Adjectives

Interrogative Adjectives

this, that, these, those

what, which, whose

INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES
Singular Plural
Singular or Plural
another
each
either
neither

Exercise 1

both
few
many
several

all
any
more
most

other
some

Recognizing Possessive Adjectives. Underline the possessive adjective in each

sentence and circle the noun it modifies.

EXAMPLE: We were late because our car

broke down.

1. Is your typewriter broken?
2. The cat cleaned its paws.
3. The jurors have taken their seats.
4. The mayor is in her office.
5. Who broke my tennis racquet?
6. We take our vacation in August.
7. Several guests brought their records.
8. I left my notes in school.
9. The boat came off its moorings.
10. Did Dad tell you his surprise?

Exercise 2

Adding Other Pronouns Used as Adjectives. Fill in each blank with the kind of

pronoun given in parentheses.

EXAMPLE:

Whose

notebook is this? (interrogative)

1.

tomatoes are bigger than last year’s. (demonstrative)

2.

prominent citizens oppose the bill. (indefinite)

3.

student completed a questionnaire. (indefinite)

4.

career are you thinking of? (interrogative)

5.

class are you in for math? (interrogative)

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Pronouns Used as Adjectives • 25


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Adverbs

(Adverb or Adjective?) • Practice 1

Adverb or Adjective? Some words can be either adjectives or adverbs. Remember that an adverb

modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun.

Exercise 1

Adverbs

Adjectives

The train arrived late.

I took the late train.

Cheetahs run fast.

Cheetahs are fast.

Distinguishing Between Adjectives and Adverbs. Write whether the underlined

word in each sentence is an adjective or an adverb.

EXAMPLE: The children seemed excited.

adjective

1. The lions ate greedily.
2. Glynnis regretted her past mistakes.
3. My cousin is an only child.
4. Pamela always studies very hard.
5. Early dinner guests can be quite unnerving.
6. We have only enough money to get home.

7. The judge’s decision seemed just.
8. The Olympic torch went past too quickly.
9. I never get up early on weekends.
10. My grandmother has just arrived for a visit.

Exercise 2

Adding Adverbs and Adjectives to Sentences. If an adjective is needed in a

sentence below, write the word given in parentheses in the blank. If an adverb is needed, add -ly to the
given word.

EXAMPLE: Dad told the story

amusingly

1. The children seemed
2. Ms. Bascomb always walks with a
3. The parents looked
4. The speaker
5. My aunt is quite
6. Paul felt
7. After our hot walk, we
8. Many actors feel
9. The waiter brought our food
10. The child behaved

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. (amusing)

to please the teacher. (eager)
step. (quick)
at their sleeping infant. (fond)
approached the microphone. (nervous)
of artichokes. (fond)

about his unkind remark. (bad)
drank the lemonade. (eager)
just before curtain time. (nervous)
. (prompt)
during the play. (bad)

Adverbs (Adverb or Adjective?) • 31


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Adverbs

(Modifying Adjectives and Other Adverbs)

• Practice 1
Adverbs Modifying Adjectives An adverb modifying an adjective answers only one question: To what
extent?
MODIFYING ADJECTIVES
too eager

slightly nervous

very far
nearly ready

Adverbs Modifying Other Adverbs An adverb modifying another adverb also answers just one
question: To what extent?
MODIFYING ADVERBS
worked very carefully
visits almost daily

Exercise 1

followed too closely
only slightly hungry

Recognizing the Words Adverbs Modify. On each blank at the right, write

whether each underlined adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb.

EXAMPLE: The President was extremely upset by the news leak.

adjective

1. The end of the movie was rather unsatisfying.
2. Alison will almost certainly finish the course.
3. That is an exceptionally good novel.
4. The alarm clock hardly ever wakes me up.
5. Dad seemed genuinely surprised by the party.
6. The mayor was quite strongly opposed to the new law.

7. The patient seemed somewhat stronger today.
8. Hardly any cookies were left over.
9. The student worked very diligently.
10. That building is extraordinarily beautiful.

Exercise 2

Adding Adverbs to Sentences. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an adverb
that answers the question To what extent? Underline the word it modifies.

EXAMPLE:

Not

many people attended the concert.

1. The bride looked
2. The earthquake
3. Several people were
4. The situation seemed
5. The hedge
6.
7. Mr. Hillyer looks
8. Jerry is
9. We were
10. Her compliment sounded

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beautiful.

completely destroyed the city.
unhappy about the decision.
hopeless.
partially hid the town dump.
early this morning, the repair crew arrived.
tired today.
always on time for appointments.
thoroughly confused by the diagrams.
sincere.

Adverbs (Modifying Adjectives and Other Adverbs) • 29


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Adverbs

(Modifying Verbs) • Practice 1

Adverbs Modifying Verbs An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
An adverb modifying a verb answers the question Where? When? In what manner? or To what extent?
ADVERBS MODIFYING VERBS

Exercise 1

Where?

looked around

turned right

When?

awoke early

arrived yesterday

In What Manner?

easily won

ran fast

To What Extent?

had barely touched

thoroughly understood

Recognizing Adverbs That Modify Verbs. Underline the adverb that modifies a

verb in each sentence. On each line at the right, write the question the adverb answers.

EXAMPLE: I have seldom seen a better performance.

when

1. The ice storm completely destroyed several buildings.
2. The emergency crew arrived promptly.
3. New condominiums will be built nearby.
4. Leave the packages here.
5. The aerialist cautiously tiptoed across the rope.
6. The sailor pulled the anchor up.
7. Our neighbors will be moving away.
8. The children laughed hard at the clown’s pranks.
9. Ellen spelled one word incorrectly.
10. Did you return the call immediately?

Exercise 2

Adding Adverbs to Modify Verbs. Fill in the blank in each sentence below with an

adverb that modifies the verb.

EXAMPLE: We

usually

go away during the month of August.

1. The plane gradually moved
2. The guests

.
ate anything that was offered.

3. The writer worked

on the revisions.

4. Several musicians will perform

.

5. Our connecting flight from Chicago arrived

.

6. Phyllis solved every problem
7. My grandfather

.
does the Sunday crossword puzzle.

8. The siren wailed

in the distance.

9. That meat should be cooked
10. Please meet me

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.
.

Adverbs (Modifying Verbs) • 27


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Conjunctions and Interjections

(Different

Kinds of Conjunctions) • Practice 1
Different Kinds of Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word used to connect other words or groups of
words. Coordinating and correlative conjunctions join similar kinds of words or groups or words that are
grammatically alike.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
and

but

for

not

or

so

yet

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
both … and
either…or

neither … nor
not only … but also

whether … or

Subordinating conjunctions connect two complete ideas by making one subordinate to, or less important
than, the other.
FREQUENTLY USED SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
after
although
as
as if
as long as
as soon as
as though

Exercise 1

because
before
even if
even though

if
in order that
lest

now that
since
so that
than
though
till
unless

until
when
whenever
where
wherever
while

Identifying Conjunctions.

Underline the conjunction in each sentence. Then write
whether it is coordinating, correlative, or subordinating.

EXAMPLE: This restaurant is not only elegant but also expensive.

correlative

1. I had not finished the dishes before the visitors arrived.
2. The lines of that dress are simple yet elegant.

3. The child was cooperative but wary during the examination.
4. The soup needs both salt and pepper.
5. I mentally outlined my essay while I waited for the bus.
6. The last problem on the test was harder than the others were.
7. Neither the hosts nor the guests had a very good time.
8. Grandma sat with the baby until he went to sleep.
9. Please finish packing your suitcase so that we can load the car.
10. Terry jumps up whenever anyone rings the doorbell.

Exercise 2

Adding Conjunctions in Sentences.

Fill in the blanks with an appropriate

conjunction of the kind given in parentheses.

EXAMPLE: Alison offered to help,
1.
2. Voting is
3. Elaine was uncertain
4. You must hurry,
5.

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but

the offer came too late. (coordinating)

you finish your chores, I will be waiting for you. (subordinating)
a right

a duty. (correlative)
willing to try the snails. (coordinating)
we will surely be late. (coordinating)

the players were disappointed, they were good sports. (subordinating)

Conjunctions and Interjections (Different Kinds of Conjunctions) • 35


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Preposition or Adverb? • Practice 1

Preposition or Adverb? Many words can be either prepositions or adverbs, depending on how they
are used. Remember that prepositions always have objects. Adverbs do not.

Exercise 1

Prepositions

Adverbs

We walked along the path.

Perry sits behind me.

Will Adam come along?
The dog followed behind.

Distinguishing Between Prepositions and Adverbs.

On each line at the right,
write whether the underlined word in each sentence is a preposition or an adverb.

EXAMPLE: We planted marigolds around the vegetable garden.

preposition

1. The children enjoyed playing outside.
2. A beautiful cherry tree grows outside my bedroom window.
3. An eager autograph-seeker slipped past the doorman.
4. A fire engine just sped past.
5. These belong on the shelf above the encyclopedia.
6. A seagull circled high above.
7. It was too warm to leave our jackets on.
8. Burt was wobbly on his new ice skates.
9. I must have left my notebook behind.
10. We sat behind a woman with a big hat on.

Exercise 2

Adding Prepositions and Adverbs to Sentences. In each blank fill in a word that
is appropriate for the meaning of both sentences in each pair. In the sentence in which the word is
used as a preposition, underline its object.

EXAMPLE: The cake has plenty of raisins
The baby was restless

throughout

throughout

1. a. It is cooler

.

the night.

the house than outside.

b. Please take these packages

.

2. a. The diver had enough air to stay
b. The sailors stayed
3. a. We heard strange noises

the water for hours.
during the storm.
.

b. That information is to be kept strictly
4. a. Jeanne had never seen a movie star
b. The cast arrived at the theater an hour

5. a. Timmy often comes
b. Have you read any other books

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the family.
.
the play.
for a visit with my grandmother.
that author?

Preposition or Adverb? • 35


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Prepositions • Practice 1

Words Used as Prepositions A preposition is a word that relates a noun or pronoun that appears
with it to another word in the sentence. The choice of preposition affects the way the other words in a
sentence relate to each other.
PREPOSITIONS
The actors performed

 for


 without the children.
 with 

Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase is a group of words that includes a preposition and a
noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Prepositions Objects of the Prepositions
about
near
next to

Exercise 1

whom
the river
the baby

Identifying Prepositions. Underline each preposition in the sentences below.

EXAMPLE: Elsa brought her camera with her to the museum.
1. Snacks before dinner may spoil your appetite.
2. We agreed to the plan without any hesitation.
3. The wagon in the barn once belonged to my grandfather.
4. Paul Revere rode through the countryside on his horse.
5. According to the newspaper, the play will open in three weeks.
6. We walked along the riverbank until sundown.
7. Mom found my keys in the clothes hamper.
8. The wood stove in the kitchen heats the whole house.
9. Jerry hasn’t changed much since last year.
10. Everyone but me had a good view of the runner.

Exercise 2

Identifying Prepositional Phrases. Underline each preposition and circle its object.

The number in parentheses tells you how many phrases to look for.

EXAMPLE: The girl in front of the line

came from Germany
Germany . (2)

1. Among the five of us, we had just enough money for a pizza. (3)
2. The sirens could be heard throughout the town. (1)
3. The woman with the tan briefcase is the mayor. (1)
4. A statue of a figure on horseback is an equestrian statue. (2)
5. Despite the sudden shower, we enjoyed our day in the park. (2)
6. Please put this vase of flowers in front of the fireplace. (2)
7. Several guests were late because of the traffic. (1)
8. During the summer everyone met often at the playground. (2)
9. We could see the crab among the rocks beneath the surface. (2)
10. I laughed in spite of myself. (1)

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Prepositions • 33