State management for the publishing activities in vietnam

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
THE NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
-------------------------------------

PREFACE

NGUYEN ANH TU

1. Description of the Dissertation
The Dissertation titled "State Administration on publishing activities in
Vietnam" includes 17 pages of Preface and 3 chapters with 53, 55 and 27
pages. Contents are as follows:
Chapter 1: Theoretical basis and practical experience on state
management on publishing activities.

STATE MANAGEMENT
ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES
IN VIETNAM

Chapter 2: Analysis of the situation of state management on publishing
activities in Vietnam.
Chapter 3: Solutions to improve state management on publishing
activities in Vietnam.
The Dissertation has 79 references in Vietnamese and English, 7
drawings, 4 diagrams, 5 tables and 34 pages of appendix.

Major: Management Science

ID:

62340410

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION ON BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT

Instructors:
1. Prof, Dr.Tran Van Nam
2. Prof, Dr.Doan Thi Thu Ha

New contributions for academics and theory
1. The Dissertation has provided four goals of state management on
publishing activities, including: (1) To develop following the Party's
orientation; (1) To improve the people's knowledge and spiritual life; (3)
To protect the legitimate interests of the creators of literary, artistic and
scientific works; (4) To improve economic efficiency.
2. Based on the theory of management science, the Dissertation has
given the content of state management on publishing activities under the
management process, including: Strategy, planning, policies and legislation
for publishing activities; Organization and implementation of policies and
legislation for publishing activities; Monitoring and inspection of
publishing activities.
3. The factors affecting state management on publishing activities are
generalized and clearly defined into three groups, consisting of
management entities, management subjects and environmental - economic cultural - social factors.
New recommendations drawn from research results

Ha Noi, 2015

1. The Dissertation has made forecasts on publishing activities and
state management on this sector in the future with a strong influence of e-


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books and online publishing. The Dissertation has outlined the views on the
state management on publishing activities in which, social views of
publishing activities are emphasized. The author argues that it is time to
enhance the role of the private sector on publishing activities, and allow
pilot equitization of one or two publishers to create new impetus for
publishing activities.

printing have not been prevented or handled promptly while the publishing
market is not under strict management. The system of the State's publications
is not being paid adequate attention and is exposed to the risk of shrinking,
especially in mountainous and remote areas. Besides, publications of high
quality for contributing to human knowledge are very limited.
Moreover, in the context of intensive international economic
integration and great progress of the printing techniques and information
technology, it allows even individuals can instantly publish their works
worldwide easily. This has a positive impact, but also may cause negative
influence or risk to the socio-economic life. State management on
publishing activities requires to accomplish both tasks simultaneously,
which are to promote creativity and to control the content of publications.
Thus, completing state management on publishing activities in terms of
international integration not only is a critical requirement set out for
researchers but also has practical significance for the related state authorities.

From the above reasons, I - the postgraduate student chooses the topic:
"State management on publishing activities in Vietnam" to study.

2. The Dissertation has given 4 solutions to perfect state management
on publishing activities in the future. In the solutions, the author insists on
raising the role and responsibilities of law enforcement agencies (the
police, courts, the procuracy) in the prevention of fake books is urgently
required for the healthy development of publishing activities.
3. Besides the results of the Dissertation, the author found that some
contents should be further studied. Those are also the research axes of the
author in the future. They are: First, in-depth study on models and methods
of operation of a particular group of publishers. For example, the group of
university publishers with specialized publications of scientific research.
Second, in-depth study on state management on socialization of the
publishing sector, contributing to the socialization of this area while
ensuring the requirements of state management in the new situation.
2. Reasons for choosing the topic
Publishing has a special important role in the political life, economy,
the society in general, and culture in particular. The social relations of
publishing are much diverse, rich and complex. Publishing activities are a
specific activity in the field of culture and ideology. It is rather politically
and socially sensitive.
State management on publishing activities in our country remains
many limitations. Organizational models and policy mechanisms for
publishing activities are inadequate. There are lots of difficulties and severe
challenges for publishing activities. Some publishers only pay attention to
economic interests alone in disregard of their political, cultural, social
functions and duties. The market appears some publications with unhealthy
content which is not suitable with Vietnam's cultural tradition and is
criticized by public opinion. Some other publishers operate less efficiently

with lack of dynamism and dependence on subsidization. Piracy and illegal

3. Overview of the research situation related to the Dissertation
3.1. Studies in foreign countries
Publishing activities are a specific sector. Due to different economic,
political, social conditions, different countries have their own views on the
management of the sector. In developed countries, the publishing
companies operate solely in the market mechanism. The goal of their
publishing activities focuses on resolving the relationship between the
manufacturer and the consumer for business purposes only. Therefore, the
state has no specific policy for this activity. Thus, their studies often focus
on marketing research, public relations, and how the publishing trends
affect the traditional publishing market, etc.
Studies related to state management on publishing activities are very
limited. The typical is the research of de Prato and Simon (2014) [60]. The
research purposes of de Prato and Simon (2014) is to review public policy
and government intervention in the book publishing industry. The study
focuses on the following five key issues: intellectual property rights and the
issues of copyright infringement, provisions on book shelves and VAT
between printed books and e-books, organizations such as libraries and


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registration agencies, and competition issues. This study focuses more on
the analysis of policies and the position of the management objects. It does not
include other important issues of public policy such as the role of democracy,
human rights, freedom of information and cultural diversity. These studies

show that publishing market in other countries is developed and seen as a
major industry.

management science and publishers, making publishing activities in
Vietnam to truly develop both in quantity and quality and overcoming the
current weaknesses of state management on this sector. It is also the
research "gap" that this research aims towards for the improvement of state
management on publishing activities in Vietnam in the current situation.

3.2. Studies in the country

- To systematize and develop selectively the theoretical basis of state
management on publishing activities;
- To analyze the current situation of publishing activities and state
management on publishing activities in our country, to point out the
opportunities, challenges, strengths and weaknesses, the causes of such
weaknesses of publishing and the current state management on publishing
activities;
- To propose solutions to improve state management so as to develop
publishing activities in Vietnam in the coming time.

In the search of research materials, the postgraduate student has found
a number of posts, some proposals and recommendations within the
framework of several workshops related to the process of drafting the
Publishing Law 2004, the law amending a number of articles of the
Publishing Law 2008 and the Publishing Law 2012. Some of the proposals
related to the selection of the operational model of publishers in the
framework of the publisher modeling Conference meet the requirements of
industrialization, modernization and international integration held by Press
and Publication Division - Central Propaganda Department. Some

published scientific research and doctoral Dissertations relate to this issue.
Some ministry-level scientific topics conducted by the state authorities
of publishing such as the Division of Publishing, Printing and Book
Distribution, the Legal Department, Inspector of the Ministry of
Information - Communications in 2009 and 2010 are important results for
the topic to refer to. Those topics are an important basis for the
postgraduate student to refer to in my own.
In summary, the studies of publishing can be divided into 2 groups.
The group of studies in foreign countries mainly access publishing as a
mere economic sector with the immediate challenges of electronic
publishing, offering many opportunities and new challenges for the
industry. The group of studies in the country are mostly done by the state
authorities on publishing activities. In overall, the studies of the state
authorities on publishing activities has high value in terms of practicality.
However, these studies is inevitable of subjective views of the management
authorities. Thus, they often offer the management solutions that "tightly
manage" or "facilitate the managing" and "detrimental to the managed".
Besides, there are irregularities with a tendency to increase in this area.
Therefore, it needs for more objective studies, from the perspective of

4. Research objectives of the Dissertation

5. Object and scope of the research
The research object of the Dissertation is state management on
publishing activities in Vietnam. The state management in this Dissertation
is approached in the management process, including: planning,
organization, directing and inspection of publishing activities in Vietnam.
The management issues in the Dissertation is the macro management
of the state on publishing activities under the management process. The
Dissertation does not go deep into the micro management of publishers.

Publishing activities include 3 fields, consisting of publishing, printing and
distribution. The Dissertation only focuses on state management of
publishing (manuscript organization). Printing and distribution are only
mentioned to a certain extent.
Publications include: Printed books, Braille books, Paintings, pictures,
maps, posters, leaflets and brochures, calendars; recordings, video
recordings for using as substitutes for books or book illustrations. The
products of publishers are analyzed and evaluated in the Dissertation are
mainly books, including printed books and e-books.
The study period is from 2009 until now. The data has been collected during 5
years from 2010 to 2014. The solutions herein are for from now to 2020.


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6. Research methodology
6.1. Theoretical framework
The theoretical framework is the theory of state management under the
management process from planning, organization, operating to control the
implementation.

6.3. Dissertation research methodology
6.3.1 Approach
The Dissertation uses the method of dialectical materialism, historical
materialism and approaches the system as research methodology
throughout the whole project.
6.3.1. Data collection methods
The Dissertation uses a combination of methods for secondary and

primary data collection to gather information, qualitative and quantitative
research methods, methods of synthesis, comparison, and statistics to
acquire necessary information.

Figure 1. Theoretical framework
Factors affecting the
state management
- Undertakings
and guidelines of
the Party on
publishing
activities
- State
management
officials for
publishing
activities
- The capacity of
publishers

State
management
- Strategy,
planning,
policy and
legislation
- Implementati
on
- Control

Objectives
Publishing
activities

- To develop
publishing activities
under the orientation
of the Party and
State.
- To improve the
people's knowledge
and spiritual life
- To improve
economic efficiency
of publishing
activities

Source: The author has developed himself.

6.3.2. Data processing methods
After collecting secondary and primary data, the postgraduate student
conducts data cleansing, encryption, input the data into the computer and
use SPSS software for data processing.

Chapter 1
THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON
STATE MANAGEMENT ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES
1.1. Publishing activities - the object of state management

5.2. Research process

1.1.1. The concept and characteristics of publishing activities

Figure 2. Research process

1.1.1.1. The concept of publishing activities
General
research

Expert
Interviews

Secondary data
collection
Development of the
theoretical
framework
Primary data
collection

Data analysis
and situation
assessment

Conclusi
ons and
recomme
ndations

Source: The author has developed himself.

According to the dictionary, Publishing is an activity in the field of
culture and ideology through the production and distribution of publications
to many people [19]. According to Paragraph 1, Article 4 of the Publishing
Law 2012, Publishing is the organization and exploitation of manuscripts,
and edit them into the template to print and distribute directly through the
electronic means [47].
In the broad sense, publishing is understood in the following three
contents:
First, publishing is the organization and editing of manuscripts to suit
the needs and tastes of readers and the publisher's criteria.
Second, publishing is an activity to multiply the manuscripts


Technical editing of images

Second editing

Typing the final manuscript

Agreeing with the author on the
final manuscript

Approving the content and
presentation

processed, edited and designed in an appropriate form under a certain form
of matter.
Third, Publishing activity is to disseminate widely the products that
contain the information after being edited and multiplied.

In the narrow sense, publishing is the process of organizing the creation,
impacting on the creative process of the author to have manuscripts, processing
and finalizing drafts, templates, and printing publications so as to serve many
people.
The publishing activities are studied in this Dissertation is the
publishing activities understood in the narrow sense.

Editing the ready-to print manuscript

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1.1.3. The publishing process

Making plates and typesetting
First editing

The author revises the manuscript
for the first time
Receiving the manuscript, reading
and commenting
Impacting on the formation of the
manuscript
Contracting with the author

First proofreading

Second proofreading
Checking the printing sample and

signing for printing

OTK of publications

Make the corrections
Developing a draft outline
Editing the corrected test print
Finding an author

Selecting a specific topic

Checking and printing the
corrected version

Finalization

Publications include the following categories:
a) Printed books;
b) Braille books;
c) Paintings, pictures, maps, posters, leaflets and brochures;
d) Types of calendars;
e) Recordings, video recordings for using as substitutes for books or
book illustrations.

Additional revises

Agreeing with the author

MANUFACTURING
PROCESS OF

PUBLICATIONS

According to Clause 4, Article 4 of the Publishing Law 2012,
"Publications are works and documents on politics, economics, culture,
society, education and training, science, technology, literature and art
published by publishers or licensed publishing agencies or organizations in
different languages with pictures and sound".

Approving the ready-to print
manuscript

Signing the contract for printing

Estimates

1.1.2. The types of publications

Making cover and maquete

The author revises the manuscript
for the second time

1.1.1.2. The characteristics of publishing activities
First characteristic: publishing activities are both an ideological and
cultural activity and an economic activity.
Second characteristic: Publishing activities are an intellectual labor with
a specific production process.
Third characteristic: Publishing activities create a particular type of
goods.

Technical editing for maquete

Advertising for the publications

Issuing publications

Determining the direction,
planning and topic
Gathering reader opinions

The entire publishing process can be modeled according to the
following diagram (Diagram 1.1):


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Diagram 1.2. The editing process
The manuscript
of the author

The edited
manuscript

The finalized
edited manuscript

Outline
building

First
First
editing
editing

Comment
Outline
approval

Author fixing

Second

Third

editing

editing

Reading,
commenting
and evaluating

Technica
l and
artistic
editing

Preliminary
approval

Author fixing
Author fixing

The readyto-print
manuscript
Texts
Drawings
Photo
Marquette

Approving the
complete
manuscripts
for putting
into
production

Source: [18]
1.2. State management on publishing activities
1.2.1. The concept of state management on publishing activities
State management on publishing activities is the impact of the State to
publishers and printing and distribution facilities through the process of
developing strategies, policies and legislation, organizing and directing,
controlling publishing activities, creating the most favorable environment for
publishing activities to develop properly as oriented, contributing to
improving the people's knowledge and high efficiency in a sustainable way in
terms of changes in the domestic and international market.
1.2.2. Objectives and assessment criteria for state management on
publishing activities

1.2.2.1. Objectives
First, To develop publishing activities under the orientation of the Party
and State.
Second, to improve the people's knowledge and spiritual life.

Third, to protect the legitimate interests of the creators of literary, artistic
and scientific works.
Fourth, to improve economic efficiency of publishing activities.
1.2.2.2. Assessment criteria
- Effectiveness.
- Efficiency.
- Appropriateness.
- Sustainability.
1.2.3. The concept of state management on publishing activities
1.2.3.1. To develop strategy, planning, policies and legislation for publishing
activities
● Development of strategy for publishing activities
● Objectives of publishing activities
● Measures to achieve the objectives
1.2.3.2. To develop and implement policies and legislation for publishing
activities
● The Party's perspective to publishing activities
● Building publishing legislation
● Coordinating activities between the state authorities with publishing
activities
1.2.3.3. To control publishing activities
- The function to control publishing activities of the MIC.
- The function of state management of the information and
communications departments decentralized by the MIC.
- The management functions of the managing agencies.

1.2.4. The factors affecting state management on publishing activities
1.2.4.1. The factor of management entities
a. Perspective and guidelines of the Party on publishing activities
b. The awareness of leaders at all levels on publishing activities
c. State management officials for publishing activities
1.2.4.2. The factor of management subjects
a. The capacity of publishers
b. Recruitment, training and remuneration of officials working in publishers
1.2.4.3. The environment - economic - culture - social factors
a. Economic development and international integration
b. The development of science and technology
c. Social and cultural environment


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1.3. The experience of state management on publishing activities of some
countries and lessons for Vietnam
1.3.1. China
- The content of publications is oriented by the Central Propaganda
Department.
- China persists the motto of "Social benefits are number 1". It is the
basic principle in the development of the publishing industry.
1.3.2. Korea
- The government consider publishers as a normal business unit.
- The book publishing model in Korea is implemented from publishers to
wholesalers and retail bookstores.
- Publishing activities in Korea are governed by several laws, such as: the

law promoting the publishing and culture industry, copyright laws, the laws
promoting culture and arts, the civil law, the law promoting printing and
publishing.
1.3.3. Japan
- Japan does not have a publishing Law. Publishing activities are
regulated by the Constitution and their copyright law. (Nguyen Hong Vinh et
al., 2012, page 438).
- The retail price of books in Japan is regulated by the price retention
mechanisms for republishing.
- Japanese publishing industry is regulated mainly by the copyright law.
- Publishing activities in Japan are managed by a variety of state
institutions, including the cultural council, especially the Department of
copyright with a primary role.
1.3.4. England
- The country does not set up specialized agencies to monitor publishing
activities.
- There are many publishing associations.
- They are one of the countries that have developed a copyright law very
early.
1.3.5. The U.S.A
- The State does not intervene directly in publishing activities.
- They develop a mode of freely publishing.
- The federal government has no specialized agencies to manage
publishing activities, except the Copyright Bureau, which is the State
management agency on intellectual property.

1.3.4. Experience for Vietnam
1.3.4.1. Regarding the promulgation of policies and legislation for publishing
activities
1.3.4.2. Regarding the implementation of policies and legislation for publishing

activities
1.3.4.3. Regarding the control of publishing activities

Chapter 2
ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT
ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM
2.1. The situation of state management on publishing activities
2.1.1. Strategy, planning, policies and legislation for publishing activities
2.1.1.1 Strategy
- The quantity, structure and quality of publications keep growing.
Table 2.1. Statistics of books published from 2010 - 2013
Unit

2010

2011

2012

2013

Number of
books

25,769

27,542

26,596

26,933

%

100

107

103.2

104.5

million
copies

277,765

293,723

295,314

279,720

%

100

106

106.3

100.7

million
copies

32,561

26,365

28,962

18,265

%

100

81

88.9

56.1

The level of enjoyment Copies/perso
of books
n

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.2

Growth rate

100

103

103

97

Number of books
Growth rate
Number of books
Growth rate
Number of cultural
products
Growth rate

%

Source: Compiled from the annual report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and
Book Distribution (from 2010-2013)

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- The structure of book distribution is relatively reasonable and meets
the diverse needs of readers, increasingly better serving the political tasks of
the country. The contents of publications have had positive changes as well.
Table 2.2. Statistics of the book structure from 2010 - 2013
No.

1

2

3

4

5

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7

Structure

Figure 2.2. Survey Question 1.3

2010
2011
2012

2013
Copies
Copies
Copies
Copies
Number
Number
Number
(Million
(Million
(Million
(Million
of books
of books
of books
copies)
copies)
copies)
copies)

Number
of books

Politics - Legislation

4310

12,290

4303

12,910

4206

12,400

4200

12,20

Growth rate (%)

100

100

95,2

99,2

98,8

100,9

97,4

99,3

Science and technology Economics

3765

10,642

4568

12,142

4580

11,812

4500

11,64

Growth rate (%)
Social CultureReligions and arts
Growth rate (%)

100

100

121,3

114,1

121,6

110,1

119,5

109,4

3927

13,941

4176

13,372

4235

14,402

4132

14,94

100

100

106,3

95,9

107,8

103,3

105,2

107,2

Literary

2844

3,138

2956

3,046

2894

2,986

2886

2,861

Growth rate (%)

100

100

104,1

97,1

101,8

94,3

101,5

91,2

Textbooks - curriculum reference

4310

12,290

4303

12,910

4206

12,400

4200

12,20

Growth rate (%)

100

100

95,2

99,2

98,8

100,9

97,4

99,3

Children books

3765

10,642

4568

12,142

4580

11,812

4500

11,64

Growth rate (%)

100

100

121,3

114,1

121,6

110,1

119,5

109,4

Dictionaries - Foreign literature

3927

13,941

4176

13,372

4235

14,402

4132

14,94

Growth rate (%)

100

100

106,3

95,9

107,8

103,3

105,2

107,2

Source: Compiled from the annual report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and
Book Distribution (from 2009-2013)

- Assessing the level of abundance of the book market.

(Source: NCS Survey results)
2.1.1.2. Planning
2.1.1.3. Policies
- The policy for funding and ordering publications
- The policy for freight subsidy
- The State has preferential policies on corporate income tax for
publishing activities.
2.1.1.4. Legislation
- The promulgation of legislation on publishing has been properly
focused. Up to now, there are 4 publishing laws enacted, which are
Publishing Laws 1993, 2004, 2008, 2012.
- Several other laws and policies related to publishing activities: The
Civil Code and the Intellectual Property Law
2.1.2. Implementation of policies and legislation for publishing activities
Diagram 2.1. State management agencies for publishing activities

Figure 2.1. Survey Question 1.2

(Source: NCS Survey results)
- Assessing the value of books on the market.

The Government

Provincial People's
Committees

The MIC

Department of I&C

Professional publishing
activities.
(Publishers)

The managing ministries
and departments

Momentary publishing
activities

Source: [18]


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2.1.3. Monitoring and inspection of publishing activities
Under the provisions of the Publishing Law 2012, the authority to inspect
and control publishing activities is decentralized as follows:
- The Ministry of Information and Communications helps the government
to implement state management on publishing activities in the whole country.
- The Division of Publishing, Printing and Book Distribution is the
functional authority of the Ministry of Information and Communications.
- The Department of Information and Communications is the specialized

agency of the provincial People's Committee.
- The Division of Publishing, Printing and Book Distribution has
conducted 11 inspections in 2014, 05 unscheduled inspections, 08 inspections
and issued 09 decisions to sanction administrative violations with a total fine
of VND 1,348 million. At the same time, the Division of Publishing, Printing
and Book Distribution has coordinated with A87- the Ministry of Public
Security, Inspectors of the MIC and provincial DIC and inspection authorities
in some localities.
- The central interdisciplinary inspection team of prevention of illegal
printing has conducted 10 inspections, and handled administrative sanctions
of 02 facilities with a total fine of VND 130 million.
- Inspectors of the Ministry has implemented 06 planned inspections, 01
unscheduled inspections, issued 08 administrative penalty decisions with a
total fine of VND 186 million.
2.2. Assessment of state management on publishing activities
2.2.1. Assessment by criteria of state management
2.2.1.1. Assessment of the effectiveness of state management on publishing
activities
The effectiveness of state management on publishing activities are facing
many problems.
- The situation of pirated books and fake books.
- Infringement of copyright
- Assessing whether the number of pirated and fake books available on
the market is much or less.

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Figure 2.3. Survey Question 2.4

Source: NCS Survey results)
2.2.1.2. Assessment of the efficiency of state management on publishing activities

- Most of the publishers are small-scale with difficulties in capital, low
economic efficiency and have not focused and invested properly by the
managing agencies.
- The average level of enjoyment in 2014 was very low.
- The industry's revenues are generally very low, except for the
Education Publishing House with special advantage.
- Book prices remain higher than the income of the labourer with
inconsistent discount rates.
- The facility and capital of many publishers do not meet the
requirements with small scale production.
- The revenue of the publishers has been declining from 2011 - 2014.
Table 2.3. Total revenue of the publishers in 2010-2014

(Source: Compiled from the report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and
Book Distribution in 2010-2014)


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- Profit after tax of the publishers from 2010 to 2011 showed signs of
decline, then increased again after 2011 because the publishers have saved
costs and utilized the income of other economic activities (e.g. renting the
premises, etc.).
Table 2.4. Profit after tax of the publishers in 2010-2014

2.2.1.3. Assessment of the appropriateness of state management on publishing
activities
Some regulations for State management on publishing activities are

incompatible with the current development of publishing activities, namely as
follows:
(1) The policies remain incomplete and irrational.
(2) The labor quantity and quality are both redundant, lack and weak at
the same time. Especially the management of the publishers and editors are
slow to adapt to the new changes of the market economy and social life, faster
speed of development, and increasingly diverse, multi-layered, multidimensional needs.
(3) Technical facilities and management technologies are not invested
adequately.
(4) The promotion and development of reading culture is incommensurate
with the new requirements, especially the requirement to introduce about the
country and people of Vietnam.
2.2.1.4. Assessment of the sustainability of state management on publishing
activities
The state management policies for publishing activities are unsustainable
and unstable.
(1) Having not defined whether the state censors publications or there is
no censorship under which mechanism.
(2) In management mechanism, the state has not had a key distinction
between publications for political tasks and publications for business tasks.
(3) The organizational model of the publishers contains many
shortcomings.
(4) The book structure is irrational. Very few publishers can build a longterm category plan.
2.2.2. Strengths
- Developing appropriate strategic direction, facilitating publishing to
develop in the socialist-oriented market economy.
- The institutionalization of policies and orientations of the Party into
publishing mechanisms, policies and legislation has been improved gradually,
creating the basic legal framework for the stable operation of publishing in the
oriented-socialist market economy and international integration.

- The direction and management of publishing activities of committees,
government, management agencies from the central to localities have made
some progress.
2.2.3. Weaknesses
- The consulting and directing agencies of the Party have not made clear
the role, location, purpose of publishing activities and have not well realized
the leadership mechanism for the Party to this activity in the Party
organizations.

Source: Compiled from the report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and
Book Distribution in 2010-2014
- The total budget remittance of the publishers from 2010 to 2011
showed signs of sharp decline. After 2011, there were signs of rising again.
Table 2.5. Total budget remittance of the publishers in 2010-2014

Source: Compiled from the report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and
Book Distribution in 2010-2014


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- The quality of state management on publishing activities in some issues
is not high and has not kept pace with the practical demands. The ability to
predict, orient strategy and detect problems is weak. There is a gap between
undertakings, directives and resolutions of the Party with the
institutionalization of mechanisms and policies in the legal system of the state.
- The cooperation between the Party agencies with the state and
professional and social organizations, between organizations in the same

system still lacks of a binding mechanism. Thus the effectiveness is not
high with a lack of a competent commander.
2.2.4. The causes of the weaknesses
2.2.4.1. Subjective reasons
- The reasoning on publishing has not kept up with the practice of
publishing activities
- The awareness of the location, nature and purpose of publishing
activities is incorrect and inconsistent
- The issue of ownership and professionalism of publishers
- The lack of management and consulting staff with practical qualification
and strategic vision.
2.2.4.2. Objective reasons
- The negative impact of the market economy.
- The negative impacts of the process of globalization and international
integration
- The impact of the information technology revolution.

publishing is worldwide, including Vietnam. Thus, such activities are
considered publishing or not? Are they subject to the governance of the
current publishing provisions? How will be handle violations in the content?
3.2. The view of state management on publishing activities
- The view on the nature, location, purpose of publishing activities in the
new period.
- The view on the socialization of publishing activities
Figure 3.1. Survey Question 7.6

Chapter 3
SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE STATE MANAGEMENT
ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM
3.1. Forecasts of publishing activities and state management direction for

publishing activities to 2020
- The sturdy shift from traditional forms of publishing to many different
forms such as electronic publishing, distribution and publication of works on
the Internet and the development of means of listening, watching, reading on
mobile networks, etc. is the trend of the modern world.
- The emergence of the Internet also engages multi-dimensional
information explosion, making the direction and control of information more
difficult than ever.
- An author can quickly create his book, self-publish and release on the
Internet through Google store, Apple Store or Kindle, etc. The scope of such

(Source: NCS Survey results)
3.3. Solutions to improve state management on publishing activities in
Vietnam.
3.3.1. Completing the strategy
Actively integrating with the region and the world, while preserving and
promoting the national cultural identity in publishing activities.
3.3.2. Completing the policies and legislation
Building and completing the legal system, especially the Publishing Law,
a number of laws and other bylaws.
3.3.3. Completing the implementation
- The direction of the Central Party:
- The Central state management agencies:
- The direction and management of publishing activities at localities:
- Focusing investment, upgrading and modernizing facilities - techniques
for publishers, printing establishments, publication establishments, thereby
improving the overall capacity of publishing units.
- Forming institutions to support publishing activities
- In the immediate future, Vietnam Publishing Support Fund should be
established (including publishing, printing and distribution of publications).

- Building key national book programs and other supportive policies


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3.3.4. Completing the control
- The state should adopt policies to create conditions for the publishers to
properly develop as oriented and to serve the political tasks while avoiding
commercialization and the pressure of the market economy.
- It is needed to strengthen penalties for the manufacturing and sale of
pirated books and fake books.
- Survey results of how to handle criminal penalties of acts of the
manufacturing and sale of pirated books and fake books as regular
counterfeiting.
Figure 3.2. Survey Question 7.7

CONCLUSIONS

(Source: NCS Survey results)

Sticking to the goals set out at the beginning, the Dissertation has clarified
the following issues:
- Overview and systematization of the previous studies related to
publishing and state management on publishing activities; selective
development of theoretical basis for state management on publishing
activities.
- The Dissertation has systematized and clarified the concept and
characteristics of publishing activities, the types of publications and

generalized the publishing process. From that, the Dissertation has specified
the objectives of publishing activities and the assessment criteria of state
management on publishing activities.
- The Dissertation has analyzed the content of state management on
publishing activities under the management process, including the
development of strategy, planning, policies and legislation for publishing
activities; the organization and implementation of policies and legislation for
publishing activities; the control of publishing activities. The Dissertation has
also stated the factors affecting state management on publishing activities.
- The state management on publishing activities in some countries was
briefed and experience has been drawn for the state management on
publishing activities in Vietnam.
- The Dissertation has presented the current status of state management
on publishing activities under the management process, including: The
development of strategy, planning, policies and legislation, the
implementation of policies and legislation and the control of publishing
activities.
- Based on the secondary data from the annual report of the Division of
Publishing, Printing and Book Distribution and the primary data from NCS
surveys, the Dissertation has pointed out the situation and assessed the state
management on publishing activities in Vietnam under the state management
criteria, consisting of the effectiveness, efficiency, appropriateness and
sustainability of state management.
- The Dissertation has evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of state


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management on the current publishing activities as well, thereby indicating
the subjective and objective reasons of the weaknesses as a basis for the
proposals herein.

- Based on the findings in chapter 2, the Dissertation has made forecasts
of publishing activities and state management on publishing activities in the
coming period and stated out four groups of solutions in order to improve
state management on publishing activities in the future. The solutions are
divided based on the analysis of the situation of state management on
publishing activities studied in Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.
Besides the results of the Dissertation, the author found that some
contents should be further studied. Those are also the research axes of the
author in the future. They are:
- First, in-depth study on models and methods of operation of a particular
group of publishers. For example, the group of university publishers with
specialized publications of scientific research.
- Second, in-depth study on state management on socialization of the
publishing sector, contributing to the socialization of this area while ensuring
the requirements of state management in the new situation.

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LIST OF PROJECTS PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
1. Nguyen Anh Tu (2009), "Some issues of state management in the
field of publishing", Journal of Economics and Development, (Vol
06/2009).
2. Nguyen Anh Tu (2011), "Some issues of state management in the
field of publishing", Proceedings of the National Workshop: State
management with integration and development.
3. Nguyen Anh Tu (2011), "State management using legal instruments
to enforce copyrights in Vietnam", Journal of Economics and
Development, (Vol 8/2011).
4. Nguyen Anh Tu (2013), "Complete regulations on copyright at
universities in Vietnam", Journal of Economics and Development,
(Vol 11/2013).

5. Nguyen Anh Tu (co-author) (2014), Copyrights in Vietnam Legislation and enforcement, Justice Publishing House, Ha Noi.


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