C 32 02 li thuyet ve ancol 2

1

1

R—O—H
2
Ete hóa

—
2

ROH + Na

ROH + HX

to

RONa + ½H2.
không

RX + H2O

(X = Cl, Br)

2SO4

Chú ý
–

130–140 oC
H2SO 4 (®Æc)

R—OH + H—OR'

130 140 oC

R–O–R' + H2O

–O–R (R2O)
R' thì có ba ete: R–O–R, R'–O–R' và R–O–R'.
–

170–180 oC
CnH2n+1OH

H2SO 4 (®Æc)
170 180 oC

VD1:
–

CnH2n + H2O

2SO4

–140 oC:
oC:

2C2H5OH
C2H5OH

H2SO4 (®Æc)
130 140 oC
H2SO4 (®Æc)
170 180 oC

(C2H5)2O + H2O
C2H4 + H2O
1


1
(a) CH3OH + Na
(b) CH3OH + NaOH
(c) C2H4(OH)2
(d) C3H5(OH)3
2

a
2
2.

3
etanol–
4
(a) CH3
(b) C2H5

to
to

5
(1) C2H5
(2) C2H4 + Br2
(3) C2H4 + HBr
(4) C2H6 + Br2

to

askt
1:1

6
Br2 /askt
1:1

C2H6
1

X1

NaOH

X2

HCl

X3

KOH
C2H5OH, to

X4

– X4

2


7
(a)
(b)
(c)

2SO4
2SO4

–

2SO4
oC.

8
(a)
(b)

oC.

2SO4

9

C2H2 + H2
C2H5Br

Chú ý
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH là ancol
isoamylic.

Pd

H2SO 4 (®Æc)

C2H5OH

PbCO3 , to
KOH

1500 o C
lµm l¹nh nhanh

CH4

C2H5OH, to

170 180 oC

A
(a) propan–2–
(b) propan–2–

2SO4

oC.

(c) propan–2–

2SO4

oC.

(d)

oC.

2SO4

B
o

–clopropen; cho 3–clopropen tác

C
(a) CH3CH2CH2Br thành CH3CHBrCH3.
(b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH thành (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3.
D

CH3CH2OH
(1)

(4)
(3)

(2)
(5)

CH3CH2Br
(6)

CH2=CH2

3


2
Chú ý
CH–OH thành C=O.
–
RCH2OH + CuO
–

to

RCH=O + Cu + H2O

to

R2C=O + Cu + H2O

xeton:
R2CHOH + CuO

CnH2n+2O + CuO

to

CnH2nO + Cu + H2O
2

E
to
(a) CH3OH + CuO
to
(b) CH3CH2OH + CuO
to
(c) (CH3)2CHOH + CuO
to
(d) (CH3)3COH + CuO
(e) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + CuO
F
(a)
(b)
(c)

và H2O.

to

nH2n+2O.
nH2n+2Oa.
nH2nO.

G
2

A) x = y + z.
C) y = z – x.

B) y = x + z.
D) y = x – z.

H
mol O2
A) x = y.

và z mol H2

2

B) x = 2y.

C) x

2y
.
3

D) x

3y
.
2

4


3

2

CH2—O—H

HO—CH2

CH2—OH

HO—CH2

CH2—O

+ HO—Cu—OH +

+ 2H2O

Cu
O—CH2

CH2—OH

H—O—CH2

Màu xanh lam

nhau thì không
–R–OH + Cu(OH)2

(HO–R–O)2Cu + 2H2O.

I
2–CH2OH (X); HOCH2–CH2–CH2OH (Y);
HOCH2–CHOH–CH2OH (Z); CH3CH2–O–CH2CH3 (R); CH3CHOH–CH2OH
2

làm là
A) X, Y, R, T.
C) Z, R, T.

B) X, Z, T.
D) X, Y, Z, T.

J

2
2

A) etilen.
C) propan–1,3
K

B) etilen glicol.
D) glixerol.
–1,2

A) Na.
C)

B) H2SO4
D) Cu(OH)2.

5


4

–

nH2n

H

+ H2O

CnH2n+1OH

–
RX + NaOH

ROH + NaX.

VD2:
C2H4 + H2O H
C2H5Br + NaOH

C2H5OH
C2H5OH + NaBr

6H10O5)n

Etanol

enzim

C6H12O6

CH4 + H2O

C1:
Metanol

2CH4 + O2

nC6H12O6

2C2H5OH + 2CO2

CO + 3H2

to , p
xt

CO + 2H2
C2:

to
xt

enzim

+ nH2O

CH3OH

o

t ,p
xt

2CH3OH

L
CH3COONa
KOH/C2H5OH, to
+NaOH/CaO, to

A

1500 oC

B

H2
Pd/PbCO3, to

C

+H2O

HBr

D

NaOH
to

E

oC

H2SO4

F
CuO
to

H

Al4C3
oC

H2SO4

G

–
M

–

(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br
NaOH, to

A

KOH
C2H5OH, to

B

H2O, H+

HCl

D

NaOH, to

C

C

KOH
C2H5OH, to

E

HCl

G

H2O, H+

F
6


Câu
(a) CH3OH + Na

CH3ONa + ½H2

1 (c) C2H4(OH)2 + 2Na

C2H4(ONa)2 + H2

(d) C3H5(OH)3 + 3Na
2 R(OH)a + aNa

C3H5(ONa)3 +

3

a
H2

2

a

R(ONa)a +

3

NaOH + ½H2
H2O + Na
C2H5OH + Na
C2H5ONa + ½H2

4

(a) CH3OH + HBr
(b) C2H5OH + HCl

2

H2
2

nH2

nancol

CH3Br + H2O
C2H5Cl + H2O

5 1, 3, 4
6 X1 = C2H5Br; X2 = C2H5OH; X3 = C2H5Cl; X4 = C2H4
7

(a) 2CH3OH

H2SO 4

(CH3)2O + H2O

140 oC
H2SO4

(b) 2C2H5OH

(C2H5)2O + H2O

140 oC

H2SO 4

(c) CH3OH + C2H5OH

140 oC

(CH3 )2 O
(C2H5O)2 O + H2O
CH3OC2H5

8 (a) C2H5OH + HBr

(b) C2H5OH

C2H5Br + H2O

H2SO4

C2H4 + H2O

180 oC

9 1, 2, 3
A (a) (CH3)2CHOH + HBr

(CH3)2CHBr + H2O

H2SO4

(b) (CH3)2CHOH

140 oC

(c) (CH3)2CHOH

180 oC

H2SO 4

(d) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH

[(CH3)2CH]2O + H2O

CH2=CH–CH3 + H2O
H2SO4
140 oC

[(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2O + H2O
t
B CH3CH=CH2 + Cl2
CH2ClCH=CH2 + HCl
CH2Cl–CHOH–CH2Cl + H2O
CH2ClCH=CH2 + Cl2 + H2O
CH2Cl–CHOH–CH2Cl + 2NaOH
CH2OH–CHOH–CH2OH + 2NaCl
o

7


Câu
C

C2H5OH

(a) CH3CH2CH2Br

CH3CH=CH2 + HBr

KOH, to

H2SO4

(b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH

180o C

(CH3)2CHCH=CH2 + H2O
(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3

H+, to

H2SO4

(CH3)2CHCH=CH2 + HBr
(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3

(CH3)2CH=CHCH3 + H2O

180o C

(CH3)2CH=CHCH3 + H2O

H+, to

(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

CH3CH2OH + NaBr
(1) CH3CH2Br + NaOH
(2) CH3CH2OH + HBr
CH3CH2Br + H2O
(3) CH2=CH2 + H2O
CH3CH2OH

D (4) CH3CH2OH
(5) CH3CH2Br

H2SO4

CH2=CH2 + H2O

180 oC
KOH

(6) CH2=CH2 + HBr

E

CH2=CH2 + HBr

C2H5OH,to

CH3CH2Br

(a) CH3OH + CuO
HCHO + Cu + H2O
(b) CH3CH2OH + CuO
CH3CHO + Cu + H2O
(CH3)2CO + Cu + H2O
(c) (CH3)2CHOH + CuO
(e) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + CuO
(CH3)2CHCH2CHO + Cu + H2O
3n
O2

2

CnH2n+2O +
F CnH2n+2Oa +
CnH2nO +
G
H
I
J
L

to

nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

3n 1 a
O2
2

3n 1
O2
2

to

to

nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

nCO2 + nH2O

C
D
B
C
KD
A = CH4; B = C2H2; C = C2H4; D = C2H5Br; E = C2H5OH;
F = C2H5Cl; G = (C2H5)2O; H = CH3CHO

M A = (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
C = (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3
E = (CH3)2C=CHCH3
G = (CH3)2CClCH2CH3

B = (CH3)2CHCH=CH2
D = (CH3)2CHCHClCH3
F = (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3
8