C 33 01 li thuyet ve andehit xeton

1

Xeton
O

O

—C—H

—C—

–
–CO–R'.
–CHO
VD1:

VD2: CH3–CO–CH3
CH2=CH–CO–CH3

HCHO; CH3CHO;
HOC–CHO

VD3: CH2=CH–

1
A) CH3COOH.
C) CH3CHO.

B) CH3CH2OH.
D) CH3COOCH3.

2
CH3COCH3.
CH3CHO.
CH2=CH–CHO.
C6H5COOCH3.

CH2=CHCOCH3.
C6H5CHO.
CH2(CHO)2.
HOOC–COOH.

3
CH2=CH–CH2OH.
C6H5COCH3.
C2H5COOCH3.
CH3COC2H5.

CH3COCH3.
(C2H5)2CO.
(CHO)2.
CH

3.

1


4
A) CH2=CH–CHO.

B) HOC–CHO.

CHO

C)

D) HOOC–COOH.

CHO
5
A) CH3CH2OH.

B) CH3CH2CHO.

C) CH2=CH–CHO.

D)

6

2=CHCH2CHO

CHO

là

A)
B)
C)
D)

7

không
A) CH3COC2H5.
C) C2H3COCH3.

B) CH3COCH(CH3)2.
D) (C2H5)2CO.

A) CnH2nO.
B) CnH2n–2O2.

B) CnH2n+2O.
D) CnH2n–2O.

A) CnH2nO.
C) CnH2n–4O2.

B) CnH2n–2O2.
D) CnH2n+2O2.

8

A

2H3O.

A) C4H6O2.
C) C2H3O.

Công

B) C8H12O4.
D) C6H9O3.

B
A) CH2O.

B) C2H2O2.

C) CHO.

D) C4H4O4.

2


2

Danh pháp

–

VD4:

butan
4

3

2

1

3–metylbutanal

CH3–CH–CH2–CHO
CH3
3–metyl

HCHO
CH3CHO

metanal
etanal

CH2=CH–CHO

propan–2–enal

C6H5CHO
HOC–CHO

VD5:
1

2

O

2–on
3

4

propan–2–on

CH3—C—CH2CH3
propan
–
VD6:

O
CH3—C—CH2CH3

etyl metyl xeton
("e

metyl

m")

etyl
3COCH3

3


C
(a) CH3CHO.

(c) CH2=CH–CHO.
(e) HOC–CHO.
D
(a) CH3COCH3.

(b) (CH3)2CHCHO.
(d) CH2=CHCH2CHO.
(f) HOC–CH2–CHO.

(b) CH3COC2H5.

E
(a) 2–metylbutanal.
(c)
(e) metyl phenyl xeton.

(c) CH2=CH–CO–CH3.

(b) but–2–enal.
(d) isopropyl metyl xeton.
(f)

F
A)
C)

B)
D)

A)

C)

B)
D)

G

H
4H8

4


3

4

•
C=O thành CH
H2

2

Ni,to

Xeton + H2
VD7:

2CO
H2

CH3CHO + H2

•

R2CHOH.

CH3CH2OH.

Ni,to
H2

(CH3)2CO + H2

H2
Ni,to

RCH2OH.

(CH3)2CHOH.

Ni,to

2O:

2

•
–OH và –
C=O + HCN

VD8: CH3CHO + HCN

C

OH
CN

CH3CH(OH)CN.
OH

(CH3)2CO + HCN

CH3—C—CH3
CN

I
Ni
(a) HCHO + H2
to
Ni
(b) CH3CHO + H2
to
Ni
(c) HOC–CHO + H2
to
(d) CH2=CH–CHO + H2
(e) HOC–CH=CH–CHO + H2

Ni
to

Ni
to

5


J

o)

–1–ol?
A) CH2=CH–CH2OH.
C) CH3CH2CHO.

không

B) CH
2OH.
D) CH2=CH–OCH3.

K

3H6
2

A) 1.

B) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.

L
A) butan–2–ol.
C) propan–1–ol.

B) propan–2–ol.
D) butan–1–ol.

M

3H6
2

A) 3.

B) 4.

(xúc tác Ni, to) sinh ra ancol?
C) 2.
D) 1.

N

3)2CHCH(OH)CH3

A) 2–metylbutan–3–on.
C) 3–metylbutan–2–ol.

B) isopropyl metyl xeton.
D) 3–metylbutan–2–on.
H2O

O

H

X

CuO
to

Y

H2
Ni, to

A) propan–2–ol.
C) butan–2–ol.
P

B) propanal.
D) axeton.

3)2

A) propanal.
C) butan–2–on.

B) axeton.
D)

6


5
Nhóm –

–COOH (axit) khi
2O/NH3

2

4

RCHO + [O]

RCOOH

3

trong NH3

2O/NH3).
NH3

RCHO+ Ag2O

VD9: CH3CHO + Ag2O

(1) RCHO + Ag2O

RCOOH + 2Ag

CH3COOH + 2Ag

NH3

RCOOH + 2Ag

to

(2) RCOOH + NH3

to

RCOONH4

a

+ aAg2O

NH3
to

R(COOH)a + 2aAg
2a Ag. Riêng

a

–CHO.
HO–CO–OH + 4Ag

HCHO + 2Ag2O

2CO3

Q
(a) CH2=CH–CHO + Ag2
(b) HOC–CHO + Ag2
(c) HCHO + Ag2
(d) C6H5CHO + Ag2

NH3
NH3

to

to

NH3
to

NH3
to

7


R

2O/NH3?

A) Ancol etylic.
C) Axetilen.

Chú ý

B) Etilen glicol.
D)

S
AgNO3 (hay Ag2
A)
B)
C)
D)

3?

T

2O)

3
3

trong

là

A)
–1–in, etilen.
B)
–2–in.
C) axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin.
D)
U
H2O

CaC2
E

CuO
to

H2

A
F

Pd/PbCO3 ,to
Ag2O

NH3 ,to

H2O

B

C

H

HBr ®Æc

D

NaOH

E

G

–
–

4.

RCHO + Br2 + H2O

RCOOH + 2HBr.

–

2

RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2

OH

to

RCOOH + Cu2O + 2H2O

V
(a) CH3CHO + Br2 + H2O
(b) CH2=CH–CHO + Br2 + H2O
(c) C6H5CHO + Br2 + H2O
(d) HCHO + Br2 + H2O

8


W
OH
(a) CH3CHO + Cu(OH)2
to
(b) CH2=CH–CHO + Cu(OH)2

OH
to

X

không
A) Ag2O/NH3.
C) HCl.

Y

B) Cu(OH)2/OH .
D) Br2/H2O.
2

A) 1.

B) 2.

C) 3.

Z Không
A) AgNO3
B) Cu(OH)2
C)
D) HCN.
a

4

2

D) 4.

3.

6H5CHO

+ KOH

to

C6H5COOK + C6H5CH2OH.

A)
B)
C)
D)

9


6

VD10: CH3CH2OH + CuO
(CH3)2CHOH + CuO

to
to

CH3CHO + H2O + Cu
(CH3)2CO + H2O + Cu

PdCl2/CuCl2
C2H4 +

1
O2
2

PdCl2 , CuCl2

to

CH3CHO

2SO4

C6H6

CH2 CHCH3
H

C6H5CH(CH3)2

O2
H

C6H5OH + (CH3)2CO

cumen

axeton

b
Ancol X là
A) metanol.
C) propan–1–ol.

B) etanol.
D) propan–2–ol.

c
Ancol Y là
A) prop–2–en–1–ol.
C) prop–1–en–1–ol.

B) propan–1–ol.
D) propan–2–ol.

d

không
A) CH2=CH2 + O2 (xúc tác PdCl2, CuCl2)
B) CH3CH2OH + CuO
C) CH
2O (xúc tác HgSO4, H2SO4)
D) CH3OH + O2 (xúc tác Ag)

e
A) metyl vinyl xeton.
C) metyl phenyl xeton.

B) propanal.
D)

f

5H12O,

A) 2.

B) 3.

C) 4.

D) 5.

10


Câu
1

C

Câu
F

Câu
T

B

C

G

C

D

U
V
W
X

C

2
3
4

B

5

B

H
I
J

6

B

K

B

Y

B

7

D

L

B

Z

D

8

A

M

A

a

A

9

B

N

D

b

B

A

A

O

D

c

A

B

B

P

B

d

D

e

D

f

B

C

Q

D

R

D

E

S

B

2 CH3CHO, C6H5CHO, CH2=CHCHO, CH2(CHO)2
3 CH3COCH3, C6H5COCH3, (C2H5)2CO, CH3COC2H5
C

(a) etanal.
(c) prop 2 enal.

(b) 2 metylpropanal.
(d) but 3 enal.

D

E
(a) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO.
(c) CH2=CHCHO.
(e) CH3COC6H5.

(b) CH3CH=CHCHO.
(d) CH3COCH(CH3)2.
(f) CH3COCH3.

11


H
CH3CH2CH2CHO: butanal
(CH3)2
CH3COCH2CH3: etyl metyl xeton
I
CH3OH
(a) HCHO + H2
(b) CH3CHO + H2
CH3CH2OH
CH2

2
2OH
(d) CH2=CHCHO + H2
CH3CH2CH2OH
CH2OHCH2CH2CH2OH
2
Q
(a) CH2

2O

CH2

2O

(c) HCHO + 2Ag2O
(d) C6H5CHO + Ag2O

H2CO3 + 4Ag
C6H5COOH + 2Ag

U
A = C2H2; B = C2H4; C = CH3CH2OH; D = CH3CH2Br; E = CH3CH2OH;
F = CH3CHO; G = CH3COOH
V
(a) CH3CHO + Br2 + H2O
CH3COOH + 2HBr
(b) CH2=CHCHO + 2Br2 + H2O
CH2
(c) C6H5CHO + Br2 + H2O

C6H5COOH + 2HBr
(d) HCHO + 2Br2 + 2H2O
H2CO3 + 4HBr
W
(a) CH3CHO + Cu(OH)2

OH

(b) CH2=CHCHO + Cu(OH)2

to

CH3COOH + Cu2O + H2O
OH
to

CH2=CHCOOH + Cu2O + H2O

12