PREPARATION SERIES FOR THE NEW TOEIC TEST PART 3

Introductory Course


Reading
PART 5
INCOMPLETE SENTENCES


These are the directions for the Part 5 of
the new TOEIC test. Study them now. If
you understand these directions now,
you will not have to read them during the
test.

• WORD FAMILIES
are words that look alike but have
different endings.
Ex: care  careful / carefully/
carefulness
Identity  identical / identically/
identify
• Noun endings: -ance, -ancy,
- ence, - ation, -dom, -ism,
-ment, -ness, -ship, -or, -er,
-ion :
appliance, accountancy, friendship,
intelligence, organization, freedom,
communism, movement, illness,
operator, reader, nation,

•

•

•

Adjective endings: -able, -ible,
al, -ful,- ish, -ive:
capable, possible, chemical,
wonderful, reddish,
representative
Adverb endings: -ly, -ward,
-wise:
quickly, forward, afterward,
anticlockwise, lengthwise,
archwise, crosswise, likewise
Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize
lengthen, amplify, liquidize
Practice (page 110)


Noun Suffixes
These are common endings for nouns. If you see these endings on
a word, then you know it must be a noun.
-dom : wisdom(n), kingdom(n)
at the end of a word means:
• state or condition
• domain, position, rank
• a group with position, office, or rank
• wise+dom means the state of understanding what is good, right and
lasting

• king+dom means the domain or area belonging to a king.
-ity : capability(n), flexibility(n)
at the end of a word means condition or quality of __.
• capable+ity means the condition of being capable.
• flexible+ity means the quality of being flexible.
-ment : contentment(n)
at the end of a word means act of __; state of __; result of __.
• content+ment means the state of being satisfied (content).


-sion, -tion: celebration (n)
at the end of a word means act of __; state of __.
• celebrate+tion means the act of celebrating
-ness: toughness (n)
at the end of a word means state of __.
• tough+ness means the state of being tough.
-ance, -ence: assistance (n)
at the end of a word means act of __; state of __; quality of __.
• assist+ance means act of giving help.
-er, -or: fighter (n), actor (n)
at the end of a word means one who __; that which __.
• fight+er means one who fights
act+or means one who acts.
-ist: violinist (n)
at the end of a word also means one who __; that which __.
• violin+ist means one who plays the violin.


Adjective Suffixes
These are common word endings for adjectives. If you see these

ending at the end of a word, you can be certain it is an adjective.

-ive: extensive(adj), selective(adj)
at the end of a word means doing or tending toward doing
some action
• extend+ive means doing something large in range or
amount
• select+ive means tending to select.
-en : wooden (adj)
at the end of a word means made of __.
• wood+en means made of wood.
• Note: When the word is an adjective, the -en means made of
__. We have seen -en at the end of a verb. There it means to
make __.


-ic: heroic (adj), poetic (adj)
at the end of a word means characteristic of__; like __.
• hero+ic means characteristic of a hero.
• poet+ic means characteristic of (or like) poets or poetry.
-al: financial (adj), manual (adj)
sometimes makes an adjective; when it makes an adjective it
means relating to __.
• finance+al means relating to finance. (Finance means
money.)
• manu+al means relating to the hand. (Manus means hand in
Latin.)
-able: portable (adj), pleasurable (adj)
at the end of a word means able __; can __; or giving __.
• port+able means can be carried; able to be carried.

• pleasure+able means giving pleasure.


-y: hairy (adj), rainy (adj): at the end of a word means having __.
• hair+y means having hair (a lot of hair).
• rain+y means having rain.
-ous: mysterious (adj): at the end of a word means full of __.
• mystery+ous means full of mystery.
-ful: hopeful (adj), beautiful (adj):
at the end of a word means full of __; having __.
• hope+ful means full of hope.
• beauty+ful means full of beauty.
Note: The suffix -ful is always spelled with one l; the word
full has two.
-less: powerless (adj), homeless(adj)
• at the end of a word means without __.
• power+less means without power.
• home+less means without a home.


Verb Suffixes
These are common endings for verbs. If you see these
endings on a word, then the word is most likely a verb.
-en: brighten (v), soften (v)
at the end of a word means to make __.
• bright+en means to make bright.
• soft+en means to make soft.
-ize: publicize (v)
at the end of a word means to make __.
• public+ize means to make public or to make the public

aware of.
-ate: activate(v), differentiate(v)
at then end of a word means to have or be characterized by __.
• active+ate means to make active.
• different+ate means to make or show a difference.


-ify or -fy: simplify(v)
at the end of a word means to cause to become or to make.
• simple+ify means to make simple or simpler.
Adverb Suffixes
This is the most common ending for an adverb. If you see
this ending on a word, you can be fairly certain that it is an
adverb. However, keep in mind that not all adverbs end this
way.
-ly: quickly (adv)
at the end of a word almost always makes an adverb;
occasionally it will make an adjective.
• quick+ly.
-wise: clockwise # anticlockwise (adv, adj): indicating direction
or manner
• Clockwise means in the direction in which the hands of a
clock rotates.


SIMILAR WORDS
are words having the same roof,
prefix or suffix or similar spelling

Ex:

1. The manager will except the
gift.
The manager will accept the gift.
2. Do you have change for a
ten-dollar currency?
Do you have change for a tendollar bill?
3. The athlete does not want to
loose the race.
The athlete does not want to
lose the race.

Thai, tie / Wales, whales / Greece,
grease / Nice, niece / Pole, poll /
gray, grey / lead, led/ die, dye/ flour,
flower / bean, been / board, bored /
be, bee / sun, son/ for/ four/ two, too/
rose, rows / way, weigh/ pour, poor /
ion, iron / right, write/ advice, advise /
affect, effect /axe, acts/ facts, fax /
formerly, formally/ halve, have/ liar,
layer/ close, clothes /picture, pitcher /
prince, prints / presence, presents
/tense, tents/ weather, whether / dear,
deer/ praise, prays/raise, rays /

Practice (page 112)


PREPOSITIONS
words or groups of words, such as

in, from, to, out of and on behalf of,
used before a noun or pronoun to
show place, position, time or
method .
• Prepositions of Time: at, on, and
in
• We use at to designate specific
times.
The train is due at 12:15 p.m.
• We use on to designate days and
dates.
My brother is coming on Monday.
We're having a party on the Fourth
of July.
• We use in for nonspecific times
during a day, a month, a season, or
a year.

She likes to jog in the morning.
It's too cold in winter to run outside.
He started the job in 1971.
He's going to quit in August.
•Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in
• We use at for specific addresses.
Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz
Road in Durham.
• We use on to designate names of
streets, avenues, etc.
Her house is on Boretz Road.
• And we use in for the names of

land-areas (towns, counties, states,
countries, and continents).
She lives in Durham.
Durham is in Windham County.
Windham County is in Connecticut.


Prepositions of Location:
in, at, and on
and No Preposition
IN
(the) bed
the bedroom
the car
(the) class
the library
school
AT
class
home
the library
the office
school
work

ON
the bed
the ceiling
the floor
the horse

the plane
the train
NO PREPOSITION
downstairs
downtown
inside
outside
upstairs
uptown
You may sometimes use different
prepositions for these locations.


Prepositions of
Movement: to
and No Preposition
We use to in order to
express movement
toward a place.
They were driving to
work together.
She's going to the
dentist's office this
morning.
Toward and towards are
also helpful prepositions
to express movement.
These are simply variant
spellings of the same
word; use whichever

sounds better to you.

• We're moving toward the light.
This is a big step towards the project's
completion.
• With the words home, downtown, uptown,
inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, we use
no preposition.
Grandma went upstairs
Grandpa went home.
They both went outside.
Prepositions of Time: for and since
• We use for when we measure time (seconds,
minutes, hours, days, months, years).
He held his breath for seven minutes.
She's lived there for seven years.
The British and Irish have been quarreling for
seven centuries.
• We use since with a specific date or time.
He's worked here since 1970.
She's been sitting in the waiting room since
two-thirty.


Quiz on Prepositions
Instructions: For each
question, choose the single
best answer. Make your
choice by clicking on its
button. You can change your

answers at any time. When the
quiz is graded, the correct
answers will appear in the box
after each question.
The script that makes this
quiz work was graciously
provided by Professor Bradley
Kjell of the Computer Science
Department at Central
Connecticut State University.
1. My best friend lives ______
Boretz Road.
a. in
b. on
c. at

2. I'll be ready to leave ____ about twenty
minutes.
a. in
b. on
c. at
3. Since Juan met his new girlfriend, he never
seems to be ______ home.
a. on
b. in
c. at
4. The child responded to his mother's
demands ______ throwing a tantrum.
a. with
b. by

c. from
5. I think she spent the entire afternoon ______
the phone.
a. on
b. in
c. at


6. I will wait ______ 6:30, but
then I'm going home.
a. from
b. at
c. until
7. The police caught the thief
_____ the corner of Cascade
and Plum Streets.
a. in
b. at
c. from
8. My fingers were injured so
my sister had to write the note
_____ me.
a. for
b. with
c. to
9. I am not interested _____
buying a new car now.
a. to
b. for
c. in

10. What are the main ingredients ______ this
casserole?
a. about
b. to
c. of
11. My best friend, John, is named ______ his greatgrandfather.
a. after
b. to
c. about
12. Grandpa stayed up ______ two in the morning.
a. since
b. for
c. until
13. My parents have been married ______ forty-nine
years.
a. since
b. for
c. Until
14. He usually travels to Philadelphia _______ train.
a. by
b. at
c. with


15. You frequently see this kind of
violence ____ television.
a. with
b. in
c. on

16. I told Mom we'd be home ______
an hour or so.
a. to
b. in
c. at
17. I was visiting my best friend
_____ the hospital.
a. of
b. at
c. in

18. The professor _______ South Africa amazed
the American students with her stories.
a. from
b. of
c. in
19. I'll see you ____ home when I get there.
a. in
b. by
c. at
20. It's been snowing ________ Christmas
morning.
a. since
b. for
c. until

Practice (page 114)


CONJUNCTIONS