Lý thuyết về cách sử dụng to V Ving

A.
TO-V
S + V + to V
1. afford
2. agree
3. appear
4. arrange
5. ask
6. attempt
7. beg
8. care
9. claim
10. consent
11. decide
12. demand
13. deserve
14. expect
15. dare
16. fail
17. forget
18. hesitate
19. hope
20. learn

: cung cấp đủ
: đồng ý
: có vẻ
: sắp xếp
: hỏi
: cố gắng
: đề nghị, xin

: quan tâm
: cho là, tuyên bố
: đồng ý, tán thành
: quyết định
: yêu cầu
: xứng đáng
: trông đợi
: dám
: thất bại
: quên ( tương lai )
: ngập ngừng
: hy vọng
: học

21. manage
: xoay xở
22. mean : muốn
23. need
: cần ( chủ động, người )
24. offer
: mời
25. plan
: dự định, kế hoạch
26. prepare
: chuẩn bị
27. pretend : giả vờ
28. promise : hứa
29. refuse
: từ chối
30. regret : tiếc ( tương lai )

31. remember : nhớ (tương lai )
32. seem
: dường như
33. struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng
34. swear : thề
35. threaten : dọa
36. tend
: có khuynh hướng
37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung
phong
38. wait
: đợi
39. want
: muốn ( chủ động )
40. wish
: ao ước

S + V + O + to V
1. advise :
2. allow:
3. ask :
4. beg :
5. cause :
6. challenge :
7. convince :
8. dare :
9. encourage
10. expect :
11. forbid :
12. force :

13. hire :
14. instruct :
15. invite :
16. need :

khuyên
cho phép
hỏi, đòi hỏi
năn nỉ, xin
gây ra
thách thức, thách đố
thuyết phục
dám
:khuyến khích
trông đợi
cấm
bắt buộc
thuê, mướn
chỉ dẫn
mời
cần

23. require :
yêu cầu
24. recommend : khuyên
25. teach :
dạy
26. tell :
bảo
27. urge

thúc giục, thuyết phục
28. want :
muốn
29. warn :
cảnh báo
30. help :
giúp đỡ
31. would like
: thích
32. would prefer : thích
33. appoint :
chỉ định ai làm gì
34. charge :
giao nhiệm vụ
35. choose :
lựa chọn
36. compel :
cưỡng bách
37. defy :
thách
38. desire :
ao ước, thèm thuồng


17. tempt :
18. intend :
19. order :
20. permit :
21. persuade :
22. remind :

cám dỗ
dự định
ra lệnh
cho phép
thuyết phục
nhắc lại

39. direct :
hướng dẫn, chỉ huy
40. implore :
yêu cầu
41. provoke :
xúi giục
42. Teach, explain, know, understand,
discover, consider, think, believe + how +
to V:Chỉ cách thức

B. V-ING (GERUND)
A. Danh động từ: Là động từ đuôi ING có chức năng làm danh từ.
1. Làm chủ ngữ → V-ing)
2. Làm tân ngữ
O của động từ : S + V + V- ing ( gerund ).
O của giới từ→ Giới từ+ V-ing.
3. Làm bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ
Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund )
4. Làm đồng vị ngữ
Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy.
5. Đứng sau thành ngữ:
it is no use hoặc it is no good :

there is no use, there is no good: vô ích
can’t stand
can’t bear
ca’t help
6. Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth
7. Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép )
N + V-ing →child bearing
V-ing + N → flying machine
B. V-ING như 1 động từ ( có tân ngữ kèm theo hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi 1 trạng từ)
1. admit
: thừa nhận
2. advise
: khuyên ( không object
)
3. anticipate : tham gia
4. appreciate
: đánh giá cao
5. avoid
: tránh
6. complete : hòan thành
7. consider : xem xét
8. delay
: trì hõan
9. dread
: sợ
10. detest : ghét
11. discuss : thảo luận
12. dislike : không thích

26. hate

: ghét
27. mention : nhắc tới, nĩi tới
28. mind
: phiền
29. miss
: nhớ, lỡ, mất
30. postpone
: đình, hõan.
31. prevent : ngăn cản
32. practise : luyện tập
33. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại.
34. recollect
: gợi lại.
35. recommend : khuyên, dặn dò.
36. regret : tiếc nuối ( quá khứ )
37. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ )
38. resent : tức giận, phật ý.


13. deny
14. enjoy
15. excuse
16. finish
17. forget
18. forgive
19. fancy
20. imagine
21. involve
22. include
23. keep

24. love
25. like

: từ chối
: thưởng thức
: xin lỗi
: hoàn thành
: quên ( qúa khứ )
: tha thứ
: tưởng tượng
: tưởng tượng
: làm liên lụy
: bao gồm
: tiếp tục
: ( hoặc To inf)
: thích

39. resist
: cưỡng lại, phản kháng.
40. risk
: liều lĩnh.
41. stop
: ngừng, từ bỏ.
42. start
: ( hoặc To inf )
43. suggest : đề nghị
44. tolerate : bỏ qua
45. understand : hiểu
46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa.
* can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help

* it is no use, it is no good, there is no use .
* look forward to
* busy, worth

PAST PARTICIPLE – QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ (P2)
1. Thêm trợ từ have+P2 -> thì hoàn thành
2.Thêm trợ từ Be +P2 -> bị động
3. Làm chức năng như adjective ⇒ passive meaning
⇒ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ.
(adjective clauses or relative clauses )
+ Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
+ Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động.
4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép
N
→ man – made
Adj + P2
→ new – born
Adv
→ well – known
6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp → V(plural )
educated(adj)→ the educated:những người có giáo dục.
7. Thành lập thể truyền khuyến
S +have/get +O (chỉ vật)+ P2

PRESENT PARTICIPLE - HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ (V-ING)
1. Thêm trợ từ Be + V-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense.
2. Làm tính từ → mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning )
→ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause )
→ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện .
→ một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn.

3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp :
Ex: to live → the living : những người đang sống.


4. Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ).
N
→ peace – loving
Adj
Vo + ing
→ good – loking
Adv
→ hard - working

TO-V và V-ING
1. Recommend, begin, start, continue:
+ To V /V – ing ( cả 2 đều ok, cái nào cũng
đc)
2. Forget, remember, regret:
+to V → chưa làm

3. Stop

4. Try

+V – ing → đã làm
to V→ ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác.
V – ing : → ngừng việc đang làm

to V: cố gắng
V – ing : thử

5. Need, want, require
To V : mang nghĩa chủ động
V+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động ( = need/want/require + to be + P2)
6. Would you mind/ Do you mind + V- ing?
Would you mind if + S + Quá khứ bàng thái …?
7. Advise, allow, permit
O + to V
+ V- ing
8. Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì
+ to V: thích cái gì đó
9. Feel like + Ving: thích cái gì đó


EXERCISES:
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle).
1.
I caught him (climb) _____ over my wall. I asked him (explain) _____ but he
refused (say) _____ anything, so in the end I had (let) _____ him (go) _____.
2.
When at last I succeeded in (convince) _____ him that I wanted (get) _____ home
quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) _____ forward.
3.
I'm not used to (drive) _____on the left.
When you see everyone else (do)______ it you'll find it quite easy (do) _____yourself.
4.
It is pleasant (sit) _____by the fire at night and (hear) _____the wind (howl)
_____outside.
5.
There was no way of (get) _____out of the building except by (climb) _____down a
rope and Ann was too terrified (do) _____this.

6.
We heard the engines (roar) _____as the plane began (move) _____ and we saw the
people on the ground (wave) _____good-bye.
7.
It's no good (write) _____ to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do)
_____ is (go)_____ and (see) _____him.
8.
Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) _____ across it?
I didn't like (cross) _____it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) _____that it
wants (chase) _____ me.
9.
The people in the flat below seem (be) _____ having a party. You can hear the
champagne corks (thud)_____ against their ceiling.
10.
I don't like (get) _____bills but when I do get them I like (pay) _____them
promptly.
11.
Ask him (come) _____in. Don't keep him (stand) _____at the door.
12.
The boys next door used (like) _____(make) _____ and (fly) _____ model aero
planes, but they seem to have stopped (do) _____ that now.
13.
I knew I wasn't the first (arrive)_____, for I saw smoke (rise) _____from the
chimney.
14.
We watched the men (saw) _____the tree and as we were walking away heard it
(fall) _____with a tremendous crash.
15.
I hate (see) _____a child (cry) _____.
16.

We watched the children (jump) _____from a window and (fall) _____into a
blanket held by the people below.
17.
It is very unpleasant (wake) _____ up and (hear) _____ the rain (beat) _____on the
windows.
18.
He saw the lorry (begin) _____ (roll) _____ forwards but he was too far away (do)
_____ anything (stop) _____it.
19.
There are people who can't help (laugh) _____when they see someone (slip)
_____on a banana skin.
20.
I prefer (drive) _____ to (be driven) _____.
II. Multiple choices
1. All the passengers were made ________ their seat belts during the turbulence.
a. buckle
b. to buckle
c. buckling
d. for buckling.
2. ________ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream.
a. Make
b. Making
c. To make
d. For make
3. I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend.
a. to let me to borrow
b. to let me borrow c. let me borrow
d. let me to borrow
4. How can you let such a silly incident ________ your friendship?
a. wreck

b. to wreck
c. wrecking
d. that wrecks
5. ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather ______ a concert.'
a. attend
b. to attend
c. attending
d. have attended


6. The skiers would rather ________ through the mountains than go by bus.
a. to travel on train b. traveled by train c. travel by train
d. traveling by the train
7. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop ___ lunch.
a. having
b. to have
c. having had
d. for having
8. The examiner made us ___ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center.
a. show
b. showing
c. to show
d. showed
9. As we entered the room, we saw a rat ________ towards a hole in the skirting board.
a. scamper
b. to scamper
c. scampering
d. was scampering
10. I remember ________ to Paris when I was a very small child.
a. to be taken

b. to take
c. being taken
d. taking
11. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party.
a. allow me go b. allow me to go c. allow me going
d. allow to go
12. We are going to have my house _______ tomorrow morning.
a. paint
b. painting
c. painted
d. to be painted
13. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ______ part in the projects.
a. to take
b. taking
c. to be taken
d. being taken
14. Sally's low test scores kept her from _______ to the university.
a. admitting
b. to admit
c. to be admitted d. being admitted
15. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it.
a. having told b. to have told
c. having been told d. to have been told
16. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock.
a. wind
b. to wind
c. wind
d. wound
17. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible.
a. to repair

b. repairing
c. being repaired
d. be repaired
18. Alice didn't expect ________ to Bill's party.
a. asking
b. being asked
c. to ask
d. to be asked
19. We asked ________ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't.
a. Marie to stop playing
b. Marie stop to play
c. that Marie stops playing
d. Marie to stop to play
20. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives.
a. to view
b. view
c. to be viewed
d. viewing
III: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. I shouldn’t ………. so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.
A. drink
B. drank
C. be drunk
D. have drunk
2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders.
A. to divide B. to be divided
C. dividing
D. being divided
3. When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times.
A. wear

B. be wear
C. be worn
D. be wearing
4. You promised her a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago.
A. write
B. be writing
C. have written
D. be written
5. After the test papers …………………. to the students in class tomorrow, the students
………. their next assignment.
A. will return – will be given
B. will be returned – are given
C. are returning – are giving
D. are returned – will be given
6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …………………. in half.
A. be divided
B. divide
C. have divided
D. have been divided
7. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home.
A. see
B. be seen C. being seen
D. sees
8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must………………….
A. have been married B. be married
C. marry
D. have married
9. A child should …………………. everything he or she wants.

A. gives
B. give
C. have been given
D. be given
10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing …………………. encouraged.
A. should be
B should
C. be
D. have
11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in
earlier class.
A. be left
B. have been left
C. leave
D. have left
12. You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home.
A. be finished
B. have finished
C. have been finished
D. finish
13. These books will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow.
A. return
B. have returned
C. being returned D. be returned
th
14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5 , and now it’s already the 8th. Her birthday card …. a week
ago.
A. will be sent
B. can be sent
C. should have been sent D. should have sent

15. You …………………. me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
A. don’t have to introduce
B mustn’t be introduced
C. shouldn’t introduce
D. mustn’t introduce
16. Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow.
A. will be invited
B. will invite C. will have invited
D. will have been invited.
17. A new hospital ………………….in this area.
A. are going to be built B. builds
C. is going to be built D. is going to build
18. Mike …………………. What’s going on in his English class.
A. can’t understand
B. can’t be understood
C. could have understood
D. could have been understood
19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now.
A. are marking B. are being marked
C. will mark
D. will be marked
20. ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?
A. Did you feed B. Were you fed C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding
IV: Multiple choices
1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture
B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.
A. was stolen

B. was stealing
C. stolen
D. stole
3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.
A. will be accomplished B. accomplished
C. has accomplished
D. accomplishes
4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928
A. penicillin was discovered
B. did penicillin discovered
C. was penicillin discovered
D. did penicillin discover
5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.
A. were praised
B. praised
C. were praising
D. praising
6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing
C. is easily absorbed
D. absorbed easily
7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------masterpieces all over the world.
A. had considered B. are considering C. are considered
D. consider
8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.
A. been repaired
B. being repaired
C. repaired
D. repairing
9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.

A. were shown
B. had been shown
C. have been shown D. have shown
10. George is --------------- Lisa.
A. marry with
B. marry to
C. married with
D. married to
11. Somebody cleans the room every day.


a. The room every day is cleaned b. The room is every day cleaned
c. The room is cleaned every day d. The room is cleaned by somebody every day
12. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
a. All flights because of fog were cancelled. b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.
c. All flights were because of fog cancelled d. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog
13. People don't use this road very often.
a. This road is not used very often
b. Not very often this road is not used
c. This road very often is not used
d. This road not very often is used
14. Somebody accused me of stealing money.
a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money. b. I was accused of stealing money
c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody d. I was accused stealing money.
15. How do people learn languages?
a. How are languages learned?
b. How are languages learned by people?
c. How languages are learned?
d. Languages are learned how?
16. People warned us not to go out alone.

a. We were warned not going out alone b. We were warned not to go out alone by people.
c. We weren't warned to go out alone. d. We were warned not to go out alone.
17. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
a. The computer is being used at the moment. b. The computer at the moment is being used.
c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment. d. The computer is used at the
moment.
18. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.
b. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.
c. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.
d. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.
19. We found that they had cancelled the game.
a. We found that the fame had been cancelled.b. The game had been cancelled.
c. We found that the game had been cancelled by them. d. The game were found to be cancelled.
20. They are building a new highway around the city.
a. A new highway is being built around the city.
b. A new highway is being built around the city by them
c. A new highway around the city is being built.
d. Around the city a new highway is being built.