600 từ vựng TOEIC hữu ích

600 Essential Words For The TOEIC Test
Lessons 1-5: General Business
Lesson 1: Contract
1. Abide by /əˈbaɪd baɪ/ = v., to conform to; comply with; adhere to: (formal) to

accept and act according to a law, an agreement, etc.
Ex: You explicitly declare that you have the legal capacity and authorizations
necessary to fully abide by the obligations described in this contract, and to subscribe
to the Gandi Hosting service.
Ex: All students must strictly abide by the following rules and regulations.
Ex: Parliamentary elections’ procedures fail to abide by deadlines, causing delays.
Explicitly /ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli:/: adj., clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy to
understand.
Declare /dɪˈkleər/: v., to say something officially or publicly.
Parliamentary /ˌpɑːrləˈmentri:/: adj., connected with a parliament; having a
parliament. /ˈpɑːrləmənt/
Procedure /prəˈsiːdʒər/: n., the official or formal order or way of doing something,
especially in business, law or politics. – thủ tục.
2.

Agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ = n., An arrangement, a promise or a contract made with
somebody; a mutual arrangement. /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/

Reach an agreement (with somebody)/ Reach an accord (with somebody)
Ex: We will try one more time to reach an agreement with you.
Ex: This action would not be in accord with our policy. /əˈkɔːrd/
Ex: We ensure that our goods accord with modern standards.
Ex: The two sides were no closer to a final agreement than they were at noon. /
ˈkloʊzər/ - One that closes.
Ex: All the terms of the agreement must be clear so that the meaning and intent won't
be misinterpreted by either party.

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Misinterpreted /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/: adj., misinterpret something (as something/doing
something) - to understand something/somebody wrongly.
Interpret /ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/: v., interpret something - to explain the meaning of something.
Ex: When a company signs an agreement the following should be shown.
Word Family:
Agree /əˈɡriː/: v., agree to (do) something - something to happen.
Ex: If both parties agree to the terms, we can finalize the contract.
Finalize something - to complete the last part of a plan, trip, project, etc.
Agreeable /əˈɡriːəbəl/: adj., agreeable (to something) - willing to do something or
allow something.
Ex: The parties are agreeable to the terms.
3. Assurance /əˈʃʊərəns/ = n., - a statement that something will certainly be true or

will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it; guarantee;
promise; confidence. - /ˌɡærənˈtiː/
Ex: Some organisations can provide an Assurance of Support.
Ex: Even if you receive assurance that answers are confidential, you should know
who controls this information.
Confidential /ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəl/: adj., meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared
with other people. /ment/
Ex: In this context, firms may ask for an assurance service in order to give greater
credibility to the filings.
Ex: Contracts often include the amount that a client will pay contractor and what
services will be provided. For example, in your office, you may have a contract that
provides assurance that your copier machine or phone will be repaired within certain
amount of time. /kənˈtræktər/
Ex: Always Engineering fits/has guaranteed that not one of its employees will lose

his or her job as a result of the merger. - Những sự điều chỉnh công nghệ luôn đảm bảo
rằng không nhân viên nào sẽ mất việc do việc liên doanh liên kết. – No + N; None of,
Not one of.
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Word Family:
Assure /əˈʃʊər/: v., assure somebody (that)… - to tell somebody that something is
definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it;
assure yourself of something - (formal) to make yourself certain about something.
Ex: She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.
Ex: Our union representative assured members that our rights would be defended.
Ex: He assured himself of her safety.
Ex: We were assured that everything possible was being done.
Ex: When you have a lease written by a lawyer, you are assured that you have the
protection you need.
Assured /əˈʃʊərd/: adj., (also self-assured) confident in yourself and your abilities;
certain to happen – guaranteed; assured of something - (of a person) certain to get
something. (BrE also: /əˈʃɔːd/) /ˌɡærənˈtiː/
Ex: He spoke in a calm, assured voice.
Ex: Success seemed assured.
Ex: You are assured of a warm welcome at this hotel.
Ex: You’ll be assured of the best care possible.
Ex: You can guarantee (that) the children will start being naughty as soon as they
have to go to bed.
Ex: I can absolutely guarantee that you will enjoy the show.
Ex: When you have a lease written by a lawyer, you are assured that you have the
protection you need.
Ex: You can rest assured that your children are in good hands.
Be guaranteed to do something: v., to be certain to have a particular result

Ex: If we try to keep it a secret, she's guaranteed to find out.
Ex: That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry.

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Assuredly /əˈʃʊərədli:/: adv., certainly; definitely.
Ex: He spoke assuredly, but his follow-up memo showed less conviction.
Follow-up /ˈfɑːloʊ ʌp/: n., an action or a thing that continues something that has
already started or comes after something similar that was done earlier.
4. Cancellation /ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən/ = n., a decision to stop something that has already

been arranged from happening; a statement that something will not happen;
annulment. /əˈnʌlmənt/
Ex: As a way of reducing the number of last minute cancellations, the camp
committee may require the payment of a guarantee fee to ensure commitment to the
Youth Camp and Exchange Program.
Ex: We recognize that certain factors may cause changes or cancellations.
Ex: They speak with the company and its customer at a very early stage, enabling
them to avoid sudden cancellations of cover.
Word Family:
Cancel /ˈkænsəl/: v., cancel something - to decide that something that has been
arranged will not now take place. Compare: postpone. NamE: /poʊˈspoʊn/, BrE: /pə
ˈspəʊn/
Ex: The man canceled his magazine subscription and got his money back
Canceled /ˈkænsəld/: adj.,
Ex: The canceled concert ended up costing our agency millions.
5. Determine /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/ = v., to find out; to influence; to establish.

Ex: Try to determine beforehand which of these you will be expected to attend and

what your role will be so you have time to prepare.
Ex: Without proof of purchase, the date of manufacture will be used to determine age.
Ex: Why is it difficult to determine the cash flow of a financial asset?
Ex: A contract often states ways to determine if quality of work delivered is
acceptable.

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Ex: The skill of the union bargainers will determine whether the automotive plant
will open next week. /ˌɔːtəˈmoʊtɪv/ - [usually before noun] connected with vehicles
that are driven by engines. Tự động
Word Family:
Determination /dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/: n., the quality that makes you continue trying to do
something even when this is difficult.
Ex: He fought the illness with courage and determination.
Determinate /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnət/: adj., fixed and definite.
Ex: A sentence with a determinate meaning.
6. Engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ = v., to become involved in, to participate.

Ex: Before engaging in a new business, it is important to do thorough research.
Ex: He is currently engaged as a consultant.
Ex: We will have to engage the services of a translator.
Word Family:
Engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/: n., arrangement to do something; an arrangement to
employ somebody; the process of employing somebody; before marriage. /ˈmærɪdʒ/
Ex: I had to refuse because of a prior engagement.
Ex: The terms of engagement are to be agreed in writing.
7. Establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ = v., to start or create an organization, a system; to institute

permanently; to bring about.
Ex: The merger of the two company established a powerful new corporation
Ex: An error occurred during an attempt to establish a connection to the external data
source.
Ex: Contracts are an integral part of the workplace. The purpose of a contract is to
establish an agreement between two or more parties.
Ex: His position in the organization is now firmly established.

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Integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/, /ɪnˈteɡrəl/: adj., integral to something - being an essential part of
something; [usually before noun] included as part of something, rather than supplied
separately; having all the parts that are necessary for something to be complete
Ex: Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum.
Ex: Practical experience is integral to the course.
Ex: All models have an integral CD player.
Ex: An integral system
Curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/ : n., (pl. curricula /kəˈrɪkjələ/, curriculums) the subjects
that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.
Ex: (BrE) Spanish is on the curriculum.
Ex: (NAmE) Spanish is in the curriculum.
Word Family:
Establishment /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/: n., an organization, a large institution or a hotel.
Ex: A research establishment.
Ex: The hotel is a comfortable and well-run establishment.
Well-run: n., managed smoothly and well.
8. Obligate /ˈɑːblɪɡeɪt/ = v., to bind legally or morally. /baɪnd/, /ˈmɔːrəli:/.

Ex: Nevertheless, it is intended that the person obligated to retain certain transmittal

information cannot escape meeting that obligation simply because, for example, the
communications system operated by that other person does not retain the required
information.
Transmittal /trænsˈmɪtəl/ - n., The act or process of transmitting; a transmission; the
act of causing something to go (especially messages).
Nevertheless /ˌnevərðəˈles/: adv., despite something that you have just mentioned;
nonetheless; despite this fact. /ˌnʌnðəˈles/
Ex: There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is
important that we try.
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Ex: The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.
Ex: I felt obligated to finish the project even though I could have exercised my option
to quit.
Word Family:
Obligatory (for somebody) (to do something): adj., (formal) that you must do because
of the law, rules, etc.; compulsory; mandatory. /əˈblɪɡətɔːri:/, /kəmˈpʌlsəri:/, /
ˈmændətɔːri:/ (BrE: /mænˈdeɪtəri:/, /ˈmændətəri:/).
Ex: It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing.
Ex: It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.
Ex: It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus.
Obligation (to do something): n., something which you must do because you have
promised, because of a law, etc.; commitment. /ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃən/
Ex: To fulfill your legal/professional/financial obligations.
Ex: We have a moral obligation to protect the environment.
9. Party /ˈpɑːrti:/ = n., one of the people or groups of people involved in a legal

agreement.
Ex: The parties agreed to settlement in their contract dispute.

Ex: A celebration/birthday/dinner/garden, etc. party.
Ex: The head of the department using the banquet room for a party should submit a
required form to the Catering Department. - Lãnh đạo phòng ban người mà sử dụng
phòng tiệc thì nên nộp form được yêu cầu đến Bộ phận phục vụ.
Ex: The party that prepares the contract has a distinct advantage. /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ - used
to emphasize that you think an idea or situation definitely exists and is important –
definite.
Word Family:
Party /ˈpɑːrti:/: v., (informal) to enjoy yourself, especially by eating, drinking alcohol
and dancing. /ˈælkəhɔːl/, /ˈælkəhɑːl/

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Ex: They were out partying every night.
Ex: That guy Jake—he really knows how to party!
10. Provision /prəˈvɪʒən/ = n., a condition or an arrangement in a legal document.

Ex: The father made provision for his children through his will. - Người cha đã truyền
lại di chúc cho những đứa con của mình.
Ex: Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs.
Ex: Provisions included in a managed care contract with a provider include: time
limits for submitting claims, what is expected of the provider, & provider and insurer.
Ex: The provision of childcare facilities. - Sự cung cấp lương thực cho cơ sở vật chất
chăm sóc trẻ em.
Ex: Provision for people with disabilities. This guide is aimed at helping you to make
your church more welcoming and accessible to people with disabilities.
Ex: The provisions for terminating the contract were not discussed. /ˈtɜːrmɪneɪt/ - to
end; to make something end.
Word Family:

Provide /prəˈvaɪd/: v., to give something to somebody or make it available for them to
use; supply.
Ex: The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.
Ex: He didn’t provide for them in his will (= did not leave them any money).
11. Resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ - /rɪˈzɔːlv/ = v., to find an acceptable solution to a problem; to

declare; to settle.
Ex: To resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis.
Ex: The mediator was able to resolve the problem to everyone's satisfaction.
Ex: The businessman resolved to clean out all the files by the end of the week.
Ex: A contract often states ways to determine if quality of work delivered is
acceptable. Well-written contracts usually provide ways to resolve problems like these
when they happen.
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Mediator /ˈmiːdieɪtər/: n., a person or an organization that tries to get agreement
between people or groups who disagree with each other. – người dàn xếp, hoà giải.
Word Family:
Resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ - /rɪˈzɔːlv/: n., strong determination to achieve something;
resolution. /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/
Ex: The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve. /ˈstreŋθən/
Merely /ˈmɪərli:/: adv., used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact or
something that you are saying.
Ex: It is not merely a job, but a way of life.
12. Specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ = adj., detailed and exact; particular.

Ex: The customer's specific complaint was not addressed in his e-mail. - Khiếu nại cụ
thể của khách hàng đã không được giải quyết trong thư điện tử gửi anh ấy.
Ex: In a contract, one specific word can change the meaning dramatically.

Dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli:/: adv., very suddenly and to a very great and often
surprising degree.
Ex: They demand in particular a specific directive on healthcare services and social
services of general interest.
Ex: What are some of the specific directions that companies are adopting in terms of
strategic quality management?
The main difference between directions or directive is the fact that a directive is
mainly an order, usually issued by an authority. A directive may establish policy,
assign responsibilities, define objectives and delegate authority to those working in
and with the authoritative figure. Directions, on the other hand, are in the form of
guidelines. They are mainly utilized while guiding somebody into a particular
direction. Directions are mainly associated with driving directions, which aim to get
somebody from point A to point B. /əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/, /əˈθɑːrəteɪtɪv/
Delegate /ˈdelɪɡət/: n., a person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a
group of people and vote and make decisions for them.
Word Family:
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Specification /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/: n., a detailed description of how something is, or
should be, designed or made.
Ex: The work was done according to our specification of the contract.
The office was furnished to a high specification.
Ex: The manager has drafted job specifications for each of the positions.
Specify /ˈspesɪfaɪ/: v., to state something, especially by giving an exact measurement,
time, exact instructions, etc.
Ex: Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes.
Ex: The contract specifies an annual salary raise.
The contract clearly specifies who can operate the machinery. /məˈʃiːnəri/
Ex: The regulations specify that calculators may not be used in the examination.

Ex: The contract calls for the union to specify who their bargaining representative
will be. /ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ/ - discussion of prices, conditions, etc. with the aim of reaching
an agreement that is acceptable – negotiation.

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Lesson 2: Marketing
1. Attract /əˈtrækt/ = v., to draw by appeal.

Ex: She tried to attract the attention of the waiter.
Ex: The exhibition has attracted thousands of visitors.
Ex: That was what first attracted me to the place.
Word Family:
Attraction /əˈtrækʃən/: n., an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do.
Ex: Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction.
Ex: She is the star attraction of the show.
Attractive /əˈtræktɪv/: adj., having features or qualities that make something seem
interesting and worth having; appealing.
Ex: An attractive offer/proposition.
Ex: They are able to offer attractive career opportunities to graduates.
Proposition /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃən/: n., an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially
in business.
Ex: I'd like to put a business proposition to you.
2. Compare /kəmˈpeər/ = v., to examine people or things to see how they are similar

and how they are different.
Ex: Standards in health care have improved enormously compared to 40 years ago.
Ex: We carefully compared the first report with the second.
Ex: Smart shoppers will compare similar brands of an item before making a

decision.
Word Family:
Comparison /kəmˈpærɪsən/: n., the process of comparing two or more people or
things.
Ex: I enclose the two plans for comparison.
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Ex: The education system bears/stands no comparison with (= is not as good as) that
in many Asian countries.
Comparable /ˈkɑːmpərəbəl/: adj., similar to somebody/something else and able to be
compared
Ex: The situation in the US is not directly comparable to that in the UK.
Ex: Inflation is now at a rate comparable with that in other European countries.
3. Competition /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/ = n., a situation in which people or organizations

compete with each other for something that not everyone can have; a contest or
struggle.
Ex: The Company faces intense competition in its markets, which could lead to
reduced profitability.
Intense /ɪnˈtens/: adj., serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of
time; extreme.
Ex: There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.
Ex: We are in competition with four other companies for the contract.
Word Family:
Compete /kəmˈpiːt/: v., to try to be more successful or better than somebody else who
is trying to do the same as you.
Ex: There are too many magazines competing to attract readers.
Ex: Several companies are competing for the contract.
Ex: Their products compete directly with ours.

Competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/: adj., as good as or better than others.
Ex: Graduates have to fight for jobs in a highly competitive market.
Ex: We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies.
4. Consume /kənˈsuːm/ = v., to use something, especially fuel, energy or time; to

absorb; to use up. /əbˈzɔːrb/, /əbˈsɔːrb/.
Ex: The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels. /ˈfɑːsl/ /ˈfjuːəl/
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Ex: A half-consumed loaf of bread.
Ex: The hotel was quickly consumed by fire. - (of fire) to completely destroy
something.
Word Family:
Consumable /kənˈsuːməbəl/: adj., goods that are intended to be used fairly quickly
and then replaced.
Ex: Computer consumables such as CD-Rs and printer cartridges.
Ex: Consumable electronic goods.
Consumer /kənˈsuːmər/: n., a person who buys goods or uses services.
Ex: Consumer demand/choice/rights.
5. Convince /kənˈvɪns/ = v., to make somebody/yourself believe that something is

true.
Ex: I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
Ex: You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. /ɪnˈθuːzi:æzəm/
Ex: How do you convince customers to sign a buyer agreement?
Ex: Before a business can convince customers that it provides a quality product. it
must convince it's marketing staff.
6. Currently /ˈkɜːrəntli:/ = adv., happening at the present time; now.
- BrE: / ˈkʌrəntli:/

Ex: Currently, over 500 students are enrolled on the course.
Ex: All the products are currently available.
Ex: He is currently working on his project.
Ex: The hourly charge is currently 100$.
Word Family:
Current /ˈkɜːrənt/: adj., [only before noun] happening now; of the present time; being
used by or accepted by most people.
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Ex: What’s the budget for the current year?
Ex: Words that are no longer current.
Ex: In order to be satisfied, current customers must be happy with the product they
receive.
Current /ˈkɜːrənt/: n., the movement of water in the sea or a river; the movement of
air in a particular direction; the flow of electricity through a wire, etc.
Ex: Check all your wiring before switching on the current.
Ex: The boat was carried along in the current.
7.

Fad /fæd/ = n., something that people are interested in for only a short period of
time; craze (for something). /kreɪz/

Ex: The craze for fashionable sports clothing
Ex: The mini dress was a fad once thought to be finished, but now it is making a
comeback. - Váy ngắn là mốt tạm thời mỗi khi ý tưởng bị hết, nhưng hiện giờ nó đang
quay trở lại.
Ex: The fad for undercut hair styles. - Những mốc nhất thời cho kiểu tóc cạo ở hai
bên và phía sau trong khi tóc mái phía trước và phần trên của đầu vẫn để dài.

Ex: What is the latest/current fad among the American youth?
Ex: He hopes that Internet plant buyers are here to stay and not just part of a fad.
Ex: The fad for cosmetic surgery. /kɑːzˈmetɪk/
Word Family:
Faddy /ˈfædi:/: adj., liking some things and not others, especially food, in a way that
other people think is unreasonable; faddish. /ˈfædɪʃ/
Ex: He’s always been faddy about his food.
Ex: Faddish diets are unlikely to work in the long term.
Faddiness /ˈfædi:nəs/: n., the quality of liking some things and not others, especially
food, in a way that other people think is unreasonable.
8. Inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən/ = n., a thing or person that arouses a feeling.
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Ex: Provide me with your inspiration.
Ex: Yassir’s job is to provide his customers with the inspiration to keep bringing him
their business.
Ex: Because you teach: you are an inspiration to your students, colleagues and others
around you throughout your life, even if you don't realize it.
Ex: Where can we look for inspiration in problem solving and design?
Arouse something - to make somebody have a particular feeling or attitude. /əˈraʊz/
Ex: To arouse somebody’s interest/curiosity/anger.
Curiosity (about something) | curiosity (to do something) - a strong desire to know
about something. /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/
Ex: Children show curiosity about everything.
Ex: Sophie's curiosity was aroused by the mysterious phone call. /mɪˈstɪəriəs/
Word Family:
Inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/: v., to give somebody the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do
something well.
Ex: The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm.

Ex: As a general, he inspired great loyalty in his troops. /truːp/ /ˈlɔɪəlti/
Inspirational /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl/: adj., providing inspiration.
Ex: An inspirational leader.
9. Market /ˈmɑːrkɪt/ = v., to advertise and offer a product for sale; promote. /

ˈædvərtaɪz/
Ex: Now, all those problems have already affected the reputation and develop of the
freshwater pearl in the oversea market.
Ex: Until these issues are resolved, the market trend should remain higher.
Ex: The market for brightly colored clothing was brisk last year, but it's moving
sluggishly this year.

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Sluggishly /ˈslʌɡɪʃli:/: adv., more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy.
Ex: It also points out that it is normal in a competitive market for a company to be
undercut by a competitor. /kəmˈpetətɪv/ /kəmˈpetɪtər/
Undercut somebody/something - to sell goods or services at a lower price than your
competitors. /ˌʌndərˈkʌt/
Word Family:
Marketing /ˈmɑːrkɪtɪŋ/: n., the activity of presenting, advertising and selling a
company’s products or services in the best possible way.
Ex: She works in sales and marketing.
Ex: Persuasion is one of the most valuable skills in marketing.
Marketable /ˈmɑːrkɪtəbəl/: adj., easy to sell; attractive to customers or employers
Ex: Marketable products/skills/qualifications.
10. Persuasion /pərˈsweɪʒən/ = n., the power to influence, a deep conviction or belief.

Ex: After a little gentle persuasion, he agreed to come.

Ex: She has great powers of persuasion.
Ex: It took a lot of persuasion to convince the committee of the advantages of the
new scheme. - Điều này mất rất nhiều nỗ lực để thuyết phục.
Word Family:
Persuasive /pərˈsweɪsɪv/: adj., able to persuade somebody to do or believe something.
Ex: The evidence was not really persuasive enough. /ˈevɪdəns/
Persuade /pərˈsweɪd/: v., to make somebody do something by giving them good
reasons for doing it.
Ex: I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition.
Ex: We will let their great taste persuade you to keep coming back for more.
Let somebody/something do something: v., used for making requests or giving
instructions.
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Ex: Let me have your report by Friday.
11. Productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ = adj., making goods or growing crops; constructive; high

yield; fruitful (doing or achieving a lot). /krɑːp/
Ex: The research has proved extremely fruitful. /ˈfruːtfəl/
Ex: It was a highly productive meeting.
Ex: To keep up the confidence and spend time in a productive way, these home based
jobs are absolutely suitable.
Ex: Productive partnership agreements go farther in that they serve as a guide for
conducting business in addition to creating a legal business structure.
Word Family:
Productivity /ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti:/: n., the rate at which a worker, a company or a country
produces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and
money is needed to produce them.
Ex: High/improved/increased productivity.

Ex: Wage rates depend on levels of productivity.
12. Satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/ = n., happiness; the good feeling that you have when

you have achieved something.
Ex: He had the satisfaction of seeing his book become a bestseller.
Ex: Although the team lost, their performance gave cause for satisfaction.
Ex: The progress achieved in the establishment of a Longer Term Trade Financing
Scheme has given all of us an immense/great/huge source of satisfaction.
Immense /ɪˈmens/: adj., extremely large or great; enormous. /ɪˈnɔːrməs/
Word Family:
Satisfactory /ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri:/: adj., good enough for a particular purpose; acceptable.
Ex: A satisfactory explanation/answer/solution/conclusion.
Ex: The existing law is not entirely/wholly satisfactory. /ˈhoʊlli:/

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Satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/: v., to make somebody pleased by doing or giving them what they
want.
Ex: Nothing satisfies him—he's always complaining.
Ex: The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone.
Satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/: adj., satisfied with somebody/something - pleased because you
have achieved something or because something that you wanted to happen has
happened; satisfied (that…) | satisfied (with something) - believing or accepting that
something is true – convinced.
Ex: I felt well satisfied with my day’s work.
Ex: She's never satisfied with what she's got.
Ex: I'm satisfied that they are telling the truth.
Ex: Get in touch with us at 555-0964 to make arrangements for your event. We know
you’ll be satisfied with our services.

Opposite: Dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd/, dɪˈsætɪsfaɪd/: adj., dissatisfied
somebody/something - not happy or satisfied with somebody/something.

with

Ex: He has to deal with complaints from dissatisfied guests.
Ex: If you are dissatisfied with our service, please write to the manager.
Compare: Unsatisfied /ʌnˈsætɪsfaɪd/: adj., (of a need, demand, etc.) not dealt with;
(of a person) not having got what you hoped; not having had enough of something.
Ex: The novel had interested him, but left him unsatisfied.

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Lesson 3: Warranties
1. Characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ = adj., characteristic (of something/somebody) -

very typical of something or of somebody’s character; revealing of individual
traits; n., an individual trait.
Ex: She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
Ex: It is characteristic of many companies to offer an extended warranty for a fee.
Ex: Identifying Your Skills, Knowledge, and Personal Characteristics.
Ex: In seeking to provide a common framework, the Commission fully recognizes
that each debate has its own local, regional and national characteristics.
Ex: The timing belt characteristically shows signs of wear after about 180,000 miles.
Word Family:
Characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/: v., (BrE also -ise) - to be typical of a person, place or
thing.
Ex: Activities that are characterized as ‘male’ or ‘female’ work.
Ex: A warranty is characterized by length of its terms.

Characteristically /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪkli:/: adv., in a way that is very typical of something
or of somebody's character.
Ex: A warranty characteristically provides for replacement or repair within certain
time limits.
2. Consequence NAmE: /ˈkɑːnsəkwens/ BrE /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ = n., consequence (of

something) (for somebody/something): a result of something that has happened.
Ex: To suffer/face/take the consequences of your actions.
Ex: All moral acts are obligatory regardless of consequences – good or bad.
Ex: The child was born deformed in consequence of an injury to the mother. /dɪ
ˈfɔːrmd/.
Ex: How will Isabel and Francis take the consequence of their actions?
Word Family:
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Consequent /ˈkɑːnsəkwənt/: adj., happening as a result of something; resultant.
Ex: The lowering of taxes and the consequent increase in spending
Ex: The growing economic crisis and resultant unemployment. /rɪˈzʌltənt/
3. Consider /kənˈsɪdər/ = v., to think about something carefully, especially in order

to make a decision.
Ex: Jack Kent Cooke Scholars share their insights into what factors to consider when
making a decision about college.
Ex: But, the commission acknowledged they cannot seriously consider an impact
charge until state legislators act on a pending impact fee bill./ˈɪmpækt/
Ex: If you think it's worth it, but carefully consider the consequence.
Ex: The customer considered buying the DVD player until he learned that the
warranty coverage was very limited.
Ex: You should consider carefully whether a product will meet your needs.

Ex: If you are not 100% satisfied, your money will be returned with no questions
asked. Next time (when) you are shopping for cleaning products, consider Star Brand.
We know you’ll be happy you did. – be satisfied with
Legislator /ˈledʒɪsleɪtər/: n., a member of a group of people that has the power to
make laws.
Word Family:
Considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/: adj., great in amount, size, importance, etc.; significant
Ex: The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.
Considerate /kənˈsɪdərət/: adj., thoughtful; always thinking of other people’s wishes
and feelings; careful not to hurt or upset others.
Ex: She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.
Consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/: n., the act of thinking carefully about something.
Ex: The proposals are currently under consideration (= being discussed).

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Ex: After long consideration. Heloise decided that the five-year warranty would be
sufficient. – suy nghĩ thấu đáo.
4. Cover /ˈkʌvər/ = v., to include something; to deal with something; to protect

somebody against loss, injury, etc. by insurance.
Ex: I noticed that her face was a bit round, so I used her hair to partially cover her
face to de-emphasize the roundness and give her face a more oval shape.
Ex: The payments he gets barely cover his expenses.
Ex: It can then mow in a square pattern to cover the area of longer grass more
systematically.
De-emphasize /dɪˈemfəsaɪz/: v., (used with object) To decrease the emphasis on;
minimize the importance of.
Barely /ˈbeəli:/: adv., just; certainly not more than (a particular amount, age, time,

etc.).
Ex: He was barely 20 years old and already running his own company.
Ex: They arrived barely a minute later.
Word Family:
Coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/: n., protection that an insurance company provides by
promising to pay you money if a particular event happens.
Ex: Medicaid health coverage for low-income families.
Medicaid /ˈmedɪkeɪd/: n., (in the US) the insurance system that provides medical care
for poor people.
5. Expiration /ˌekspəˈreɪʃən/ = n., an ending of the period of time when an official

document can be used.
Ex: Check the expiration date on your passport. (= expiry date) /ɪkˈspaɪəri:/
Ex: Typically, the rental agreement states that the landlord must provide written notice
to the tenant thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the lease term of the landlord's
intention to take back possession of the rental property (and the tenant will have to move
out at the end of the lease term).
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Word Family:
Expire /ɪkˈspaɪər/: v., (of a document, an agreement, etc.) to be no longer valid
because the period of time for which it could be used has ended; run out.
Ex: Our contract with the cleaning company will expire next month.
Expiry /ɪkˈspaɪəri:/: n., (especially BrE) an ending of the period of time when an
official document can be used, or when an agreement is valid.
Ex: The licence can be renewed on expiry. (especially US English license)
6. Frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli:/ = adv., often; occurring commonly; widespread

(=existing or happening over a large area or among many people). /ˈwaɪdspred/

Ex: If the first line is in use, your call will go to the school answering machine. We
check the machine frequently and will make every effort to return your call
promptly.
Ex: Mutual funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past
performance may not be repeated.
Ex: The major themes of this book they seem to mention frequently and in great
length are planning your services in chapters five through seven.
Word Family:
Frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi:/. n., the fact of something happening often
Ex: The alarming frequency of computer errors.
Frequentative /frɪˈkwentətɪv/: adj., (of verbs) expressing an action that is done
repeatedly or a lot.
Ex: ‘Chatter’ is originally a frequentative form of ‘chat’.
7. Imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ = v., to suggest that something is true or that you feel or think
something, without saying so directly; to indicate by inference.
Ex: Interest rate subsidies usually imply that there is excess demand for credit.
Subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi:/: n., money that is paid by a government or an organization to
reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept
low.
Ex: Normally hosted services imply that a fixed set of computer resources are
made available.
Host something: v., to store a website on a computer connected to the Internet,
usually in return for payment. /hoʊst/
Ex: I don't imply that you are wrong.
Though the two words are used interchangeably, there is an etymological
difference: You use usually when you talk of a habit or custom and normally
when there is an underlying rule or order.
Ex: I usually do not wake up before 10 AM. (Your personal habit)
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Ex: The school normally closes at four in the afternoon. (The rules of the school)
Inference /ˈɪnfərəns/: n., [uncountable] the act or process of forming an opinion,
based on what you already know; [countable] something that you can find out
indirectly from what you already know – deduction. – suy luận
Ex: If he is guilty then, by inference, so is his wife (= it is logical to think so, from
the same evidence).
Ex: To draw/make inferences from the data
Ex: The clear inference is that the universe is expanding. /ˈjuːnɪvɜːrs/
Word Family:
Implicate somebody (in something): v., to show or suggest that somebody is
involved in something bad or criminal. /ˈɪmplɪkeɪt/
Ex: Viruses are known to be implicated in the development of certain cancers. /
ˈvaɪrəs/
Implication (of something) (for something): n., a possible effect or result of an
action or a decision. /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/
Ex: The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding
countryside.
Ex: The implication is that if you drop the product and it breaks, the repairs aren’t
covered by the warranty.
Implicit (in something) = adj., suggested without being directly expressed. /ɪm
ˈplɪsɪt/
Ex: There was implicit criticism in his voice. /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/
Ex: Correct use of the product by the consumer is implicit in the terms of the
warranty.
8. Promise /ˈprɑːmɪs/ = n., a statement that tells somebody that you will definitely
do or not do something; a pledge; a commitment.
Ex: Make/keep/break a promise.
Ex: She kept her promise to visit her aunt regularly.
Ex: Which of his novels did Cervantes repeatedly promise to continue, even

shortly before his death?
Ex: The loan was not re-paid as promised and, following an extension, Mr. Lee
stopped paying the interest on the line of credit.
Ex: Warranties are the seller's promise to stand behind its product. Most major
purchases like computers or cars come with a warranty, as do smaller purchases,
like stereos or other electronic housewares.
Come with something: v., to exist or develop as a result of something; to be
provided together with something; go together; coincide; go with...– đi kèm với.
Ex: The kind of skill that comes with years of practice.
Ex: In those days the house came with the job.
Ex: All our computers come with a 3-year guarantee.
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Coincide /ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd/: v., coincide with something - [intransitive] (formal) (of
ideas, opinions, etc.) to be the same or very similar
Ex: The interests of employers and employees do not always coincide.
Ex: Her story coincided exactly with her brother's.
Pledge /pledʒ/: n., a serious promise – commitment - pledge to do (something) pledge (of something)
Ex: The new leader demanded a pledge of loyalty from each of his allies; a pledge
of support.
Ex: Will the government honour its election pledge not to raise taxes?
Ex: Management has given a pledge that there will be no job losses this year.
Commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/: n., commitment (to somebody/something) commitment to do/doing something - [countable, uncountable] a promise to do
something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support
somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself
Ex: She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the
moment. /ɪˈmoʊʃənl/
Ex: The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has
been vital to its success. /ˈvaɪtl/ - necessary or essential in order for something to

succeed or exist.
Word Family:
Promise /ˈprɑːmɪs/: v., to tell somebody that you will definitely do or not do
something.
Ex: The sales associate promised that our new mattress would arrive by noon on
Saturday.
Associate /əˈsoʊʃi:ət/: n., a person that you work with, do business with or spend a
lot of time with.
Mattress /ˈmætrəs/: n., the soft part of a bed, that you lie on.
Ex: A soft/hard mattress.
9. Protect /prəˈtekt/ = v., to guard; to make sure that somebody/something is not
harmed, injured, damaged, etc.
Ex: It is not possible to completely protect information from access attempts by
third parties.
Ex: You can't properly protect property if it isn't documented correctly!
Ex: They carefully protect environment. Our school is close to the Forest Park.
Word Family:

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Protection /prəˈtekʃən/: n., protection (for/of somebody/something)
(against/from something) - the act of protecting somebody/something; the state of
being protected.
Ex: Wear clothes that provide adequate protection against the wind and rain.
Ex: The conservation and protection of the environment. /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃən/
Adequate /ˈædɪkwət/: adj., enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a
particular purpose or need.
Protective /prəˈtektɪv/: adj., providing or intended to provide protection.
Ex: Workers should wear full protective clothing.

Ex: He was extremely protective of his role as advisor. /roʊl/
10. Reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃən/ = n., the opinion that people have about what

somebody/something is like, based on what has happened in the past; repute.
Ex: She is a writer of international repute. /rɪˈpjuːt/
Ex: She is building a considerable reputation.
Ex: The company knew that the reputation of its products was the most important
asset it had. /ˈæset/
Ex: Orchestra has built a worldwide reputation for excellence. /ˈɔːrkɪstrə/
Ex: The Vernet brothers have built a reputation for being reliable, but they've also
built a reputation for being brutal when crossed.
Brutal /ˈbruːtəl/: adj., violent and cruel; direct and clear about something
unpleasant; not thinking of people’s feelings.
Ex: With brutal honesty she told him she did not love him.
Word Family:
Reputable /ˈrepjətəbəl/: adj., that people consider to be honest and to provide a
good service; respected.
Ex: Buy your car from a reputable dealer.
Ex: Because the company had a reputable name, I did not spend sufficient time
reading the details of the warranty.
Ex: A reputable company will honor the terms set forth in its warranty. /
ˈwɑːrənti/, /ˈwɔːrənti/
Dealer /ˈdiːlər/: n., a person whose business is buying and selling a particular
product.
Reputed /rɪˈpjuːtɪd/: adj., generally thought to be something or to have done
something, although this is not certain; rumoured. /ˈruːmərd/
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