Essential grammar in use elementary (1rd ed) 1998

UNIT 1

am/is/are

She's a doctor.
She isn't a nurse.

he
she
it
we
you
they

am (I'm)

I

(it's)

he
she
it

(we're)
are (you're)
(they're)

we

you
they

is

(he's)
(she's)

am not (I'm not)
is

(he's not
not (she's not
(it's not

I'm tired but I'm not hungry.
Tom isn't interested in politics.
Jane isn't at home at the moment. She's at work.
Those people aren't English. They're Australian.
that's = that is
there's = there is
here's = here is:
Thank you. That's very kind ot you.
Look! There's George.
am/is/are (questions)

or he isn't)
or she isn't)
or it isn't)

(we're not or we aren't)
are not (you're not or you aren't)
(they're not or they aren't)

Can yon close the window, please? I'm cold.
I'm 32 years old. My sister is 29.
My brother is a policeman. He's very tall.
John is afraid of dogs.
It's 10 o'clock. You're late again.
Ann and I are very good friends.
My shoes are very dirty. I must clean them.

• Unit 2

They're rich.
They aren't poor.

negative

positive
I

It's hot.
It isn't cold.


UNIT 1

Exercises

Write the short form (she's / we aren't etc.).
1 he is
2 they are

3 she is not
4 it

5
is

I am not
6 you are not

Write the full form (she is / we are not etc.).
7 we aren't
8 I'm

9 you're
10 they aren't

11 it isn't

12 she's

1.2 Put in am, is or are.
1
2
3
4
5

6
7

The weather
very nice today.
I
not tired.
This case
very heavy.
These cases
very heavy.
The dog
asleep.
Look! There
Carol.
I
hot. Can you open the window,
please?

8 This castle

one thousand years

old.
9 My brother and I
good tennis
players.
10 Ann
at home but her children
at school.

11 I
a student. My sister
an
architect.

1.3 Write full sentences. Use am/is/are each time.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

(my shoes very dirty)
(my bed very comfortable) My
(your cigarettes in your bag)
(I not very happy today)
(this restaurant very expensive)
(the shops not open today)
(Mr Kelly's daughter six years old)
(the houses in this street very old)
(the examination not difficult)
(those flowers very beautiful)

1.4 Write positive or negative sentences. Use am / am not / is / isn't / are / aren't.
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

(Paris / the capital of France)
(I / interested in football)
(I / hungry) I
(it / warm today) It
(Rome / in Spain) Rome
(I / afraid of dogs) I
(my hands / cold) My
(Canada / a very big country)
(the Amazon / in Africa)
(diamonds / cheap)
(motor-racing / a dangerous sport)
(cats / big animals)

today.


UNIT 2

am/is/are (questions)

Unit 1 am/is/are

question

positive
I
he
she
it
we
you
they

am

am

is

is

are

are

I?
he?
she?

it?
we?
you?
they?

'Is your mother at home?' 'No. she's out.'
'Is it cold in your room?' 'Yes, a little.'
Those shoes are nice. Are they new?
Are books expensive in your country?
'How old is Joe?' 'He's 24.'
'What colour is your car?' 'It's blue.'
'Where are y o u from?' 'Canada.'
'How much are these postcards'' 'They're 40 pence each.'
what's = what is
who's = who is
how's = how is
Who's that man?
What's the time 7
Where's Jill?
H o w ' s your father?

where's = where is:

short answers
Yes, I am.

No, I'm not.

Yes,

he
she
it

is.

No,

he's
she's
it's

not. or No,

he
she
it

isn't,

Yes,

we
you
they

are.

No,

we're
you're
they're

not. or No,

we
you
they

aren't.

'Are you tired?'
Yes, I am.
'Are you hungry?' ' N o , I'm not but I'm thirsty.
'Is he English'' 'Yes, he is.'
.'Is Ann at work today'' 'No, she isn't.'
Is this seat free?' Yes, it is.'
'Are these your shoes?' 'Yes, they are.'
Am I late?'
N o , you aren't


UNIT 2

Exercises

2.1 Write questions from these words. Use am/is/are.
1
2

3
4
5
6

(your mother at home?)
(your parents at home?)
(this hotel expensive?)
(you interested in art?)
(the shops open today?)
(the park open today?)

?
at home ?
?
?
?
?

2.2 Write questions with What/Who/How/Where/Why ... ? Use am/is/are.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(what colour your car?)
(where my key?)
(where my socks?)
(how old your father?)
(what colour his eyes?)
(why John angry with me?)
(how much these shoes?)
(who your favourite actor?)
(why you always late?)

?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?

Where
How

Ask the questions. (Read the answers to the questions first.)

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

(your name?)
(married or single?)
(British?) ....:
(where / from?)
(how old?)
(a student?)
(your wife a teacher?)
(where / from?)
(her name?)
(how old?)

?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?

Paul.
I'm married.

No, I'm not.
From Australia.
I'm 25.
N o , I'm a teacher.
No, she's a lawyer.
She's Italian.
Anna.
She's 25 too.

2.4 Write positive or negative short answers (Yes, I am / No, he isn't etc.).
1
2
3
4
5

Are you married? ..
Are you tall?
Is it cold today?
Are you a teacher?
Are you tired?

6
7
8
9
10

Is it dark now?
Are your hands cold?

Are you hungry?
Is your father tall?
Is it sunny?


UNIT 3

I am doing (present continuous)

It's raining.
The sun isn't shining.

She's eating.
She isn't reading.

They're running.
They aren't walking.

The present continuous tense is:
am/is/are - i n g (doing/eating/raining/running/writing etc.)
I
he
she
it
we
you
they

am (not) -ing

I ' m working.

is

Tom is writing a letter.
She isn't eating.
The telephone is ringing.

(not) -ing

are (not) -ing

We're having dinner.
You're not listening to me.
The children are doing their homework.

Unit 1 for the short forms 'm/'s/'re/isn't/aren't

am/is/are -ing = something
is happening now:

past

Spelling

I'm working
she's wearing a hat
they're playing football
I'm not watching television
NOW

future

Please be quiet. I'm working. (= I'm working now)
Look! Joy is wearing her new hat. (= she's wearing it now)
Don't go out now. It's raining.
'Where are the children?' 'They're playing in the garden.'
(on the telephone) We're having dinner now. Can you phone later?
You can turn the television off. I'm not watching it.
Appendix 4 (4.3 and 4.4):

come
smoke
write

coming
smoking
writing

running
run
sitting
sit
swimming
swim

Unit 4 Are you -ing? (present continuous questions)
Unit 8 I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple)
Unit 21 What are you doing tomorrow? (present for the future)

lie
die

lying
dying


UNIT 3

Exercises

3.1 Complete the sentences. Use am/is/are + one of these verbs:
building
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

coming

having

cooking

standing

Listen! Pat ...

the piano.
They
a new hotel in the city centre at the moment.
Look! Somebody
in the river.
'You
on my foot.' 'Oh, I'm sorry.
Hurry up! The bus
'Where are you, George?' 'In the kitchen, I
a meal.'
(on the telephone) 'Hello. Can I speak to Ann, please?' 'She
moment. Can you phone again later?'

swimming

a shower at the

3.2 What's happening at the moment? Write true sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

(I / wash / my hair)
(it / snow)
(I / sit / on a chair)
(I/eat)
(it / rain)
(I / learn / English)
(I / listen / to the radio)
(the sun / shine)
(I / wear/ shoes)
(I / smoke / a cigarette)
(I / read / a newspaper)

3.3 What is the difference between picture A and picture B? Write two sentences each time. Use is/are
(not) -ing.

1
2 In A the man
3 In A
4
5
6

In B he
In B


UNIT 4

Are you -ing? (present continuous questions)

Unit 3 I am doing (present continuous)

positive

question

I
he
she
it
we
you
they

am -ing

am

I

-ing?

is

is

he
she
it

-ing?

are

we
you -ing?
they

-ing

are -ing

-

Your face is white. Are you feeling okay?
'Is it raining'' 'Yes. take an umbrella.'
Why are you wearing a coat' It's not cold today.
'What's R o y doing?' 'He's cooking the dinner.'
"What are the children doing?' 'They're playing in the garden.'
Look! There's (an. Where's she going?

The word order in these questions is:

Where
Where

subject
he'
Mr Smith
they

those people

is/are
Is
Is
are
are

-ing
working today?
working today?
going'
going? (not 'Where are going those people?')

short answers
Yes, I am.
Yes,

heshe

No. I'm not.
is.

No,

it

Yes.

we

you
they

are.

No,

he's
she's
it's

not. or No,

we're
you're
they're

not. or No,

heshe

isn't

it

we
you
they

aren't

- 'Are you listening to the radio?' 'Yes, Iam.'
- 'Is T o m working today?' 'Yes, he is.'
- Is it raining?
N o , it isn't.'
- Are your friends staying at a hotel?" ' N o , they aren't.'


UNIT 4

Exercises

4.1 Look at the pictures and ask a question. Choose one of these verbs:
crying

eating

going

1 What
2 Where.
3 Why.

laughing

looking at

?
?
?

4 What
5 What
6 Why

4.2 Wite the question "What... doing?" with different subjects.
1 (he)
2 (they) What

?
doing?

3 (Tl
4 (your wife)

New write the question Wiere ... going?" with these subjects.
5
6
7
8

(we)...
(those children)
(the girl with long hair)
(the man on the bicycle)

4.3 Ask the questions. (Read the answers to the questions first.)

(you/ watch /TV?) .
(the children / play?)

(what / you / do?)
(what / Rod / do?)
(it / ram?)
(that clock / work?)
(you / write / a letter?)
(why / you / run?)

. . . .

No, you can turn it off.
No, they're asleep.
I'm cooking my dinner.
He's having a bath.
No, not at the moment.
No, it's broken.
Yes, to my sister.
Because I'm late.

4.4 Wite positive or negative short answers (Yes, I am / No, it isnt etc.).
1
2
3
4

Are you watching TV
Are you wearing shoes?.
Are you wearing a hat?
Is it raining?

5

6
7
8

Arc you eating something?
Arc you feeling well?
Is the sun shining?
Is your mother watching you?


UNIT 5

I do/work/like etc. (present simple)

He's eating an ice-cream.
He likes ice-cream.

They have a lot of books.
They read a lot.

They read /I like / he likes etc. = the present simple:
I/we/you/they
he/she/it

do

read

like

work

play

watch

does

reads

likes

works

plays

watches

Remember:
he/she/it-s: he likes (not 'he like')
my sister plays
it rains
- I live in London but my brother lives in Scotland.
have

has:

I have

he/she/it has

Appendix 4 (4.1 and 4.2):
Spelling
passes
watch
-es after -s/-ch/sh: pass
also: do
does
go
goes
study
studies
carry

watches

finish

finishes

carries

We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen
sometimes or all the time:
I like big cities.
The shops open at 9 o'clock and close at 5.30.
He works very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.
The Earth goes round the Sun.
We do a lot of different things in our free time.
She's very clever. She speaks four languages.

It costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels.
We use the present simple with always/never/often/sometimes/usually:
He always gets up at 7 o'clock.
I usually go to work by car but I sometimes walk.
Jack eats very little. He never has breakfast in the morning.
The weather here is not very good. It often rains.
Unit 7 Do you ...? (present simple questions)
Unit 6 I don't... (present simple negative)
Unit 88 Word order (always/never/often etc.)
Unit 8 I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple)


UNIT 5

Exercises

5.1 Write the he/she/it form of these verbs.
1 read ..
2 repair
3 watch

4 listen
5 love
6 have

7 push
8 do
9 think

10 kiss

11 b u y
12 go

5.2 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of these verbs:
boil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

close
teach

cost
cost
wash

go

have

like

meet

open

smoke

She's very clever. She
four languages.
Steve
ten cigarettes a day.
We usually
dinner at 7 o'clock.
I
films. I often
to the cinema.
Water
at 100 degrees Celsius.
In Britain the banks
at 9.30 in the morning.
The City Museum
at 5 o'clock every evening.
Food is expensive. It
a lot of money.
Shoes are expensive. They
a lot of money.
Tina is a teacher. She
mathematics to young children.
Your job is very interesting. You
a lot of people.

Peter
his hair twice a week.

5.3 Study this information:

1
2
3

drink coffee in the m o r n i n g ?
read newspapers?
get up before 7 o'clock?

never
often
sometimes

usually
never
always

Now write sentences about Bob and Ann, George and yourself. Use always/usually/often/
sometimes/never.
1 ....
George
I
2 Bob and Ann
George
I
3

in the morning.
\

newspapers.


UNIT 6

I don't... (present simple negative)

Unit 5 I do/work/like etc. (present simple!

T h e present simple negative is d o n ' t / d o e s n ' t + verb:

She doesn't s m o k e .
positive
I
we
you
they
he
she
it

He doesn't w o r k .
negative

work
play

do
like

I
we
yon
they

works
plays
does
likes

he
she
it

-

do not
(don't)

does not
(doesn't)

work
play
do'
like

I d r i n k coffee but I d o n ' t d r i n k tea.
Sue d r i n k s tea but she d o e s n ' t d r i n k coffee.
Y o u d o n ' t speak English very well.
T h e y d o n ' t w a t c h television very often.
Rice d o e s n ' t g r o w in cold countries.
We d o n ' t k n o w m a n y people in this t o w n .

We use d o n ' t / d o e s n ' t + infinitive ( l i k e / d o / s p e a k / w o r k etc.):
- I d o n ' t l i k e w a s h i n g the car. I d o n ' t do it very often.
- She speaks Spanish but she doesn't speak Italian, (not 'she d o e s n ' t speaks')
Remember:
I/we/you/they
he/she/it

don't
doesn't

I d o n ' t like football.
H e d o e s n ' t like football.

I d o n ' t like Fred and Fred d o e s n ' t like me. (not 'Fred d o n ' t like')
My car d o e s n ' t use m u c h petrol, (not ' m y car d o n ' t use')
S o m e t i m e s he is late but it d o e s n ' t happen very often.
Unit 7 Do you ... ? (present simple questions)


UNIT 6

Exercises

6.1 Write the negative.
1 I play the piano very well. ...
2 Jack plays the piano very well. Jack
3 You know the answer
4 She works very hard
5 They do the same thing every day

very well.

6.2 Write the opposite (positive or negative).
1
2
3
4

I understand.
He doesn't smoke.
They know. They
She loves him

...

5
6
7
8

They speak English
I don't want it
She doesn't want them

He lives in Rome

Study the information and write sentences with like.

classical music?
boxing?
horror films?
dogs?

yes
no
no
yes

no
yes
yes
no

1

3 Bill and Rose

Carol
I
2 Bill and Rose
Carol
I

classical musk.

boxing.

4

dogs.

Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don't/doesn't + one of these verbs:
cost

drive

go

know

play

see

sell

wash

1 'Have a ciearette.' 'No, thank you. I
2 They
newspapers in that shop.
3 She has a car but she
very often.
4 I like films but I
to the cinema very often.

5 He smells because he
very often.
6 It's a cheap hotel. It
much to stay there.
7 He likes football but he
very often.
8 I
much about politics.
9 She is married but she
a ring.
10 He lives near our house but we
him very often.

wear


UNIT 7

Do you ...? (present simple questions)

Unit 6 I don't... (present simple negative)

Unit 5 I do/work/like etc. (present simple)

We use do/does in present simple questions:
positive

question

i

we
you
they

work
play
do
like

he
she
it

works
plays
does
likes

do

does

I
we
you
they
he
she

work?

play?
do?
like?

it

The word order in these questions is:
do/does

Where
How often
What
How much
What

Do
do
Do
do
do
Does
does
does

infinitive

subject
you
your parents
they

you
you
Chris

usually
often

it

this word

work
live?
like
wash
do
play
cost
mean?

on Saturdays?
music'
your hair?
at weekends?
tennis?
to fly to Rome'

What do you do? = What's your job?
-'What do you do?' i work in a bank.'
Remember:

do I/we/you/they - Do they like music?
does he/she/it
- Does he like music'
short answers
Yes,

I/we/you/they do.
he/she/it
does.

No,

I/we/you/they don't.
he/she/it
doesn't.

Do you smoke?' ' N o , I don't
'Do they speak English?' 'Yes, they do.
"Does he work hard?' 'Yes, he does.'
Does your sister live in London?' 'No, she doesn't.
Unit 8 I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple)


UNIT 7

Exercises

You are asking somebody questions. Write questions with Do/Does ... ?
1
2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9

I work hard. And you?
I play tennis. And you?
you
I play tennis. And Ann?
Ann
I know the answer. And you?
I like hot weather. And you?
I smoke. And your father?
I do exercises every morning. And you?
I speak English. And your friends?
I want to be famous. And you?

?
?
?
the answer?
;

?
?
?
?

These questions begin with Where/What/How ...?
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

I
I
I
I
I
I
I

wash my hair twice a week, (how often / you?)
live in London, (where / you?) Where
watch TV every day. (how often / you?) How
have lunch at home, (where / you?)
get up at 7.30. (what time / you?)
go to the cinema a lot. (how often / you?)
go to work by bus. (how / you?)

. ?
?
?
?

?
?
?

7.2 Use the verbs in the list to make questions. Use the word(s) in brackets (

cost

do

do

(he) .
(you) Excuse me,
(you) What
(your sister) What
(she)
(it) How often
(you)
(they) What time
(you) What
(it) How much

go

have

like

often

volleyball?
English?
?
?
?
in summer?
dancing?
usually
to bed?
usually
for breakfast?
to stay at this hotel?

rain

smoke

Do you smoke?
Do you live in a big city?
Do you drink a lot of coffee?
Does your mother speak English?
Do you play a musical instrument?
Does it rain a lot where you live?

...

speak

Yes, he's a very good player.

Yes, a little.
I'm a secretary.
She works in a shop.
Yes, 20 cigarettes a day.
Not often. It's usually dry.
Yes, I love it.
10 o'clock.
Toast and coffee.
£30 a night.

7.3 Write positive or negative short answers (Yes, he does / No, I don't etc.).

1
2
3
4
5
6

).


UNIT 8

I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present
simple)

Units 3-4 present continuous

Units 5-7 present simple

Jim is watching television.
He is not playing the guitar.
But Jim has a guitar.
He often plays it and he plays very well.
Jim plays the guitar
but he is not playing the guitar now.
Is he playing the guitar?
Does he play the guitar?

N o , he isn't. (present continuous)
Yes, he does. (present simple)

Present continuous (I am doing) - now, at the time of speaking'.

past

-NOW

- future

Please be quiet. I'm working.
Tom is having a shower at the moment.
Take an umbrella. It's raining.
You can turn off the television. I'm not watching it.
Why are you under the table? What are you doing?
Present simple (I do) - i n general, all the time or sometimes:
Ido
pasi

NOW

-

future

I work every day from 9 o'clock until 5.00.
Tom has a shower every morning.
It rains a lot in winter.
I don't watch television very often.
What do you usually do at the weekend?

• Do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):
want
like
love
hate
need
prefer
depend
understand
believe
remember
forget
Use the present simple only (I want/do you like? etc.):
- I'm tired. I want to go home, {not 'I'm wanting')
- 'Do you k n o w that girl?' 'Yes, but I forget her name.'
- I don't understand. What do you mean?

know

mean


UNIT 8

Exercises

Answer the questions about the pictures.

1 Does he take photographs?
What is he doing?
2 Does she drive a bus?
What is she doing?
3 Does he clean windows?
What is he doing?
4 Do they teach?
What are they doing?

Is he taking a photograph?
Is she driving a bus?
Is he cleaning a window?
Are they teaching?

8.2 Put in am/is/are/do/don't/does/doesn't
1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9

Excuse me, ...W?
you speak English?
'Have a cigarette.' 'No, thank you, I
smoke/
Why
you laughing at me?
'What
she do?' 'She's a dentist.'
I
want to go out. It
raining.
'Where
you come from?' 'From Canada.'
How much
it cost to send a letter to Canada?
I can't talk to you at the moment. I
working.
Ceorge is a good tennis player but he
play very often.

8.3 Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or present simple (I do).
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Excuse me, .
(you/speak) English?
Tom ..
(have) a shower at the moment.
They .
(not/watch) television very often.
Listen! Somebody
(sing).
She's tired. She
(want) to go home now.
How often
(you/read) a newspaper?
'Excuse me, but you
(sit) in my place.' 'Oh, I'm sorry.'
I'm sorry, I"
(not/understand). Please speak more slowly.
'Where are you, Roy?' 'I'm in the sitting-room. I
(read).'
What time
(she/finish) work every day?
You can turn off the radio. I

(not/listen) to it.
He
(not/usually/drive) to work.
He usually
(walk).


UNIT 9

I watched/cleaned/went etc. (past simple)

television every evening.
(present simple)

watch

watched television yesterday evening.
(past simple)
watched is the past simple:
I/we/you/they
he/she/it

watched

The past simple is often -ed. For example:
cleaned
clean
start
started
work

worked
live
lived
dance
danced
stay
stayed
These verbs are regular verbs.
- I clean my teeth every morning. This morning I cleaned my teeth.
- Terry worked in a bank from 1981 to 1986.
- Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime.
- We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people.
The party finished at midnight.
Spelling

Appendix 4 (4.2 and 4.4):

study
stop

studied
stopped

marry
plan

married
planned

• Some verbs arc irregular (not regular). The past simple is not -ed. Here arc some important

irregular verbs (sec also Appendix 1-2):
begin
break
bring
build
buy
catch
come
do
drink
eat

began
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
came
did
drank
ate

fall
find
fly
forget
get
give

g°
have
hear
know

fell
found
flew
forgot
got
gave
went
had
heard
knew

leave
lose
make
meet
pay
put
read
ring
say
see

left
lost
made

met
paid
put
read (/red/)
rang
said
saw

I usually get up early but this morning I got up at 9.30.
We did a lot of housework yesterday.
Caroline went to the cinema three times last week.
Mr Todd came into the room, took off his coat and sat down.
Unit 10 I didn't... Did you ...? (past simple negative and questions)

sell
sit
sleep
speak
stand
take
tell
think
win
write

sold
sat
slept
spoke
stood

took
told
thought
won
wrote


UNIT 9

Exercises

Complete these sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple:

clean
smoke

die
enjoy
start
stay

finish
want

happen

live

open

play

rain

Yesterday evening
... television.
I
my teeth three times yesterday.
Bernard
20 cigarettes yesterday evening.
The concert last night
at 7.30 and
at 10 o'clock.
The accident
last Sunday afternoon.
When I was a child, I
to be a doctor.
Mozart
from 1756 to 1791.
We
our holiday last year. We
at a very good hotel.
Today the weather is nice, but yesterday it
It was hot in the room, so I
the window.
The weather was good yesterday afternoon, so we
tennis.
William Shakespeare
in 1616.
Write the past of these verbs.

1
2
3
4
5

get
...
eat
pay
make
give

6
7
8
9
10

leave
see
go
hear
find

11
12
13
14

15

buy
know
stand
take
do

16
17
18
19
20

put
tell
lose
think
speak

9.3 Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.).

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14

He always goes to work by car. Yesterday .
They always get up early. This morning they
Bill often loses his keys. He
I write a letter to Jane every week. Last week
She meets her friends every evening. She
I usually read two newspapers every day
They come to my house every Friday. Last Friday
We usually go to the cinema on Sunday
Tom always has a shower in the morning
They buy a new car every year. Last year
I eat an orange every day. Yesterday
We usually do our shopping on Monday
Ann often takes photographs. Last weekend
We leave home at 8.30 every morning

last Saturday.
yesterday evening.
yesterday.
last Sunday.
this morning.

last Monday.
this morning.

9.4 Write sentences about yourself. What did you do yesterday or what happened yesterday?
1

2
3
4


UNIT 10 i did n't... Did you ... ? (past simple negative
and questions)

Unit 9 I watched/cleaned/went etc. (past simple)

We use did in past simple negatives and questions:
infinitive

positive

watch
clean
play
do
g°
have
begin

negative

I watched

we cleaned
you played
they did
he went
she had
it began

question

1
we
you
did not
they
(didn't)
he
sheit

watch
clean
play
do
go
have
begin

did

I
we

you
they
he
she
it

watch?
clean?
play?
do?
go?
have?
begin?

do/does (present)
did (past):
- I don't watch television very often.
- I didn't watch television yesterday.
- D o e s she often go out?
- D i d she go out last night?
We use did/didn't + infinitive (watch/clean/do etc.):
I watched but I didn't watch {not 'I didn't watched')
he went
but did he go?
(not 'did he went?')
- I played tennis yesterday but I didn't win.
- Don didn't have breakfast this morning, (not 'Don hadn't breakfast')
- They went to the cinema but they didn't enjoy the film.
- We didn't do much work yesterday.
Note the word order in questions with did:

d i d + subject
What
How
Where

Did
did
did
did

+ infinitive

Sue
you
the accident
your parents

give
do
happen?
go

you a birthday present?
yesterday evening?
for their holidays?

short answers
I/we/you/they
he/she/it

Yes.
-

'Did
'Did
'Did
'Did

did

No

I/we/you/they
he/she/it

didn't.

you sec Joe yesterday?' 'No, I didn't.'
it rain on Sunday?' 'Yes, it did.'
Helen come to the party?' ' N o , she didn't.'
your friends have a good holiday?' 'Yes, they did.'


UNIT 10

Exercises

10.1 Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1
2

3
4
5

I saw John but I
. Mary.
They worked on Monday but they
on Tuesday.
We went to the shop but we
to the bank.
She had a pen but she
any paper.
Jack did French at school but he
German.

10.2 You are asking somebody questions. Write questions with Did ... ?
1
2
3
4
5

I watched TV last night. And you? .
I enjoyed the party. And you?
I had a good holiday. And you?
I got up early this morning. And you?
I slept well last night. And you?

?
?

?
?
?

you

10.3 What did you do yesterday? (Your sentence can be positive or negative.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

(watch TV)
(get up before 7.30)
(have a shower)
(buy a magazine)
(speak English)
(do an examination)
(eat meat)
(go to bed before 10.30)

)
I
I

10.4 Write questions with Who/What/How/Why ... ?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

I met somebody.
Harry arrived.
I saw somebody.
They wanted something.
The meeting finished.
Pat went home early.
We had dinner.
It cost a lot of money.

Who ...
What time
Who
What
What time
Why
What
How much

Harry
you

for

10.5 Put the verb in the correct form of the past (positive, negative or question).
1
2
3
4
5
6

I.
(play) tennis yesterday but I
We
(wait) a long time for the
That's a nice shirt. Where
She
(see) me but she
'
(it/rain) yesterday?' 'No, it
That was a stupid thing to do. Why

.
(not/wm).
bus but it
(not/come).
(you/buy) it?
(not/speak) to me.
was a nice day.'
(you/do) it?

?
?
?
?
?
?
dinner?
?


UNIT 11

was/were

N o w Charlie is at work.
At midnight last night he
wasn't at work.
He was in bed.
He was asleep.
am/is (present)
was (past):
- I am tired (now).
- Is she at home (now)?
- The weather is nice today.

I was tired last night.
Was she at home yesterday morning?
The weather was nice yesterday.

are (present)

were (past):
- You are late (now).
- They aren't here (now).

You were late yesterday.
They weren't here last Sunday.

positive
I
he
she
it
we
you
they

negative

was

were

-

I
he
she
it
we
you

they

question

was not
(wasn't)

were not
(weren't)

was

were

I?
he?
she?
it?
we?
you?
they?

Last year she was 22, so she is 23 now.
When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.
We were tired after the journey but we weren't hungry.
The hotel was very comfortable and it wasn't expensive.
Where were you at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?
Was the weather good when you were on holiday?
Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
Why was he angry yesterday?

short answers
Yes,

I/he/she/it
we/you/they

was.
were.

No,

I/he/she/it
we/you/they

- Were y o u late?'
N o , I wasn't.'
- 'Was Ted at work yesterday?' 'Yes, he was.'
- 'Were they at the party?' 'No, they weren't.'

wasn't,
weren't.


UNIT 11

Exercises

11.1 Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?

1 .
2 Carol andjack
3 Sue

4
5
6 And you?

I

11.2 Put in am/is/are/was/were. Some sentences are present and some are past.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Last year she
.. 22, so she .
... 23 now.
Today the weather
nice, but yesterday it
cold.

I
hungry. Can I have something to eat?
I
hungry last night, so I had something to eat.
Where
you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning?
Don't buy those shoes. They
too expensive.
Why
you so angry yesterday?
We must go now. It
very late.
This time last year I
in Paris.
We
tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed.
Charlie Chaplin died in 1978. He
a famous film star.
'Where
the children?' 'I don't know. They
in the garden ten minutes ago.'

11.3 Put in was/wasn't/were/weren't.
1
2
3
4
5
6

We didn't like our hotel room. It ...
.. very small and it .
very clean.
Kate got married when she
24 years old.
I phoned you yesterday evening but you
at home. Where
you?
George
at work last week because he
ill. He's better now.
The shops
open yesterday because it
a public holiday.
'
you at home at 9.30?' 'No, I
I
at work.'

11.4 Write questions.

I saw a film.
I met some people.
I did an examination.
I bought some boots.
I went to a museum.

(good?) ..
(friendly?)
(difficult?)

(expensive?)
(interes

ting?)

?
?
?
?
?


UNIT 12

I was doing (past continuous)

N o w it is 6 o'clock.
Sarah is at home.
She is w a t c h i n g televison.
At 4 o'clock she w a s n ' t at home.
She was at the sports club.
She was p l a y i n g tennis.
She w a s n ' t w a t c h i n g television.

she began
playing

she stopped
playing

she was p l a y i n g

w a s / w e r e - i n g (doing/playing/working etc.) is the past continuous tense:
positive
I
he
sheit
we
you
they

negative
I
he
she

was -ing

question

was n o t
(wasn't)

-ing

was

it

we

you
they

w e r e -ing

-

I
he
she

-ing'

it

were n o t
(weren't)

-ing

were

we
you
they

-ing?

"What w e r e you doing at 11.30 yesterday?' I was working.'
'What did he say?' 'I don't know. I w a s n ' t listening.'

It was raining, so we didn't go out.
In 1980 they w e r e living in Canada.
Today she's wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers.
I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the
birds w e r e singing.

a m / i s / a r e - i n g (present)
w a s / w e r e -ing (past):
- I ' m working (now).
I was working at 10.30 last night.
- It isn't raining (now).
It w a s n ' t raining when we went out.
- What are you doing (now)?
What w e r e you doing at 3 o'clock?
Spelling

(make

making

run

running

lie

Unit 13 I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple)

lying etc.)

Appendix 4 (4.3 and 4.4)