Kỹ năng viết luận Tiếng anh THPT Quốc gia

Khóa Luyện Thi THPT Quốc Gia 2016 – GV Phan Điệu

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KỸ NĂNG VIẾT LUẬN – PHẦN 01
VIDEO và LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT chỉ có tại website MOON.VN
[Truy cập tab Tiếng Anh – Khóa: 10 MẸO HAY NHẤT LÀM BÀI THI ĐẠI HỌC]
KỸ NĂNG VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN:
Đề thi thường gồm 3 dạng:
1, Narration: kể 1 câu chuyện/sự việc
2, Description: miêu tả (người/ vật)
3, Personal opinion:
trình bày mặt lợi- mặt hại/ nguyên nhân-kết quả/ đề xuất/ góp ý...
Một đoạn văn dài: ≈ 140 từ
Viết 10 từ/dòng => 14 dòng(2552)
Câu mở 14-20 từ+câu kết 14-20 từ
=28-40 từ≈3-4 dòng
Phần thân: 100 từ chia làm 2 ý
mỗi ý ≈ 50 từ  5 dòng => 10 dòng
3 bước: đọc đề ->gạch ý và sx ý-> Viết bài
Dạng 1: Narration:
1. Describe a memorable journey
2. Describe a memorable summer holiday
3. Describe a memorable birthday of yours
4. Describe one of your happy/sad memories
5. Describe a time when you did a good thing
=> Tập trung trả lời các câu hỏi: WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHY, WHO
Dùng các transitional devices: First, Next, Then, After that,etc.

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Dạng 2: Description:
1. Describe your best friend/ favourite teacher/ someone who has big influence on you.
2. Describe your favourite subject/ book/ film/ something you own.
 Cách làm bài:
Trả lời các câu hỏi WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHY
(VD: miêu tả bạn thân: WHAT – 2 người đã làm những gì với nhau, WHERE – gặp ở đâu, WHEN – gặp
khi nào, HOW – 2 người thân với nhau như thế nào, WHY – tại sao 2 người lại hợp nhau thế)
Dạng 3: Personal opinion:
1. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of social networking/the Internet/ television/high
technology?
2. What can students do to protect the environment?
3. What are the benefits of learning English?
=> Cách làm bài:
1. Dùng các listing devices :First, Second, Last but not least,etc.
2. Dùng synonyms/ antonyms:
advantages = benefits=postive aspects;
disadvantages = drawbacks=negative effects
BỐ CỤC CHUNG CỦA MÔT ĐOẠN VĂN:
How to write a good topic sentence and a good concluding sentence?
1, Topic sentence: (main ideas)
= Topic + Controlling ideas

-

Convenience foods are easy to prepare.

-

The average Vietnamese teenagers consumes enormous quantities of snack.

2, Concluding sentence
+ signals the end (by signal phrases)
+ leaves the important point for readers to remember (by paraphrasing the topic sentence or summarizes
the main points)
+ sometimes give the final comment on the topic.

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END OF PARAGRAPH SIGNALS:
1, Theo sau bởi dấu ,:
-

Finally,.../ In brief,.../ In short,...

-

In conclusion,../In summary,...

-

Therefore,.../ As a result,.../ Thus,...

2, Không có dấu , theo sau:
-

We can see that...

-

It is clear that...

-

The evidence suggests that...

-

There can be no doubt that...

-

These examples show that...

How to develop ideas in Body part:
1, Giving examples:
-

Noun and Verb signals:

a. Some words in English represent people’s names. A good example/ illustration of this is the word
lynch.
b. This can be illustrated by the word boycott.
c. Other words in this category include lynch and boycott.
-

Sentence connectors:

a. Some words in English represent proper name. For example/ For instance, the word quisling
originated with Vidkun Quisling.
b. The word quisling, for example/ for instance, originated with Vidkun Quisling.
-

Phrase signals:

a. Words like/ such as lynch and quisling represent proper names.
b. Such word as lynch and quisling prepresent proper names.
c. Some words represent proper names. Lynch is such a word.
2, Details:

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“Lanlords usually require a renter to sign a very complicated contract called lease. It stipulates the
length of time the person must stay in the apartment and amount of rent he or she must pay. It can
limit the number of people allowed to live in the apartment and restrict the renter from having pets.
A lease may prohibit the renter from subletting and include a provision by which the renter is
charged a certain ammount of money if she or he breaks the contract.The agreement alse includes
the responsibilities....”
3, Fact and statistics:
The first manned flight to the moon began when APOLLO 11 blasted off from Cape Kenedy,
Florida at 9:32 a.m on July 16, 1969, with Amstrong, Aldrin and Collins as astronauts. Four days
after the blast-off, Amstrong and Aldrin moved from the command module, Colombia, into the
lunar module, Eagle, and the two modules seperated. Collins continued to orbit the moon in the
command module, while the other astronauts descended toward the moon. At 4:18 p.m on July 20 th,
the Eagle landed on the moon, in the sea of Tranquility. The two astronauts spent twenty one hours
and thirty seven minutes on the moon. They started back to the earth at 1:55 p.m on July 21.
ANALYSE THE MODEL PARAGRAPH:
Most bike accidents are due to equipment failure, weather conditions and bikers’ carelessness. To
begin with, many different pieces of bicycle equipment can become defective and cause bike
accidents. For example, if a bike does not have good brakes, it cannot be stopped effectively.
Similiarly, a weak light will make it more difficult for bikers to see at night. Aside from defective
equipment, a biker often has difficulty controlling bicycle when it is rainy or windy. Under such
conditions, water may impair the brakes or obstruct the biker’s view; too much wind will affect
steering. Nonetheless, bike accidens are mainly caused by bikers’ carelessness. For instance,
accidents can be produced by a biker who does not stop at a stop sign and a biker whose pant’s legs

get caught in the bike chain. In conclusion, the number of bike accidents could be greatly reduced if
bikers checked ther equipment, rode in good weather and practiced bike safety. (wordcount: 157)
DẠNG 1: Narration (Văn tường thuật)
Chú ý:
1, Viết theo trình tự thời gian
2, Thông tin rõ ràng và chính xác về tên gọi, địa điểm và thời gian.
VD: “Ghana became a republic on July 1, 1960” không nói chung chung là in 1960 hoặc thông tin sai
là in 1961
3, Quan điểm khách quan, không đưa quan điểm cá nhân vào bài tường thuật
VD: nếu report về accident ở một nuclear power plant, không nói: “The accident proves that all the
nuclear power plant should be closed”.
Câu mở đầu: trả lời 4 câu hỏi:
1,WHAT:Bạn đang tường thuât chuyện gì
2,WHO/WHAT (involved):Người/vật l.quan
3,WHERE: Sự việc xảy ra ở đâu

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4,WHEN: Sự việc xảy ra khi nào
VD:
- Three thousand runners participated in the annual Great Race, which was held in Pittsburgh on

June 2.
- On October 16, 1934, Mao Tse-tung and his Red Army began their Long March near Fukein,
China.
Phần thân bài:
1,Main point:Ý chính
2,Additional Points:Ý bổ sung
VD1:
1,Main point: The festival began at 9:30 A.M on August 9 with a speech by the director of the
Artists’ Guild, Meredith Ainley.
2,Additional Points:She welcame everyone to the ninth annual festival.
VD2:
1,Main point: There was entertainment on the stage for the next hour.
2,Additional Points: First, the Polish Folk Organization presented some traditional dances. After
that, a group of children from Oakmont Elementary School gave a short play.
Phần kết bài:
Hành động cuối cùng hoặc kết quả của sự việc là như thế nào
ANALYSE THIS PARAGRAPH:
The first manned flight to the moon began when APOLLO 11 blasted off from Cape
Kenedy, Florida at 9:32 a.m on July 16, 1969, with Amstrong, Aldrin and Collins as astronauts.
Four days after the blast-off, Amstrong and Aldrin moved from the command module, Colombia,
into the lunar module, Eagle, and the two modules seperated. Collins continued to orbit the moon in
the command module, while the other astronauts descended toward the moon. At 4:18 p.m on July
20th, the Eagle landed on the moon, in the sea of Tranquility. The two astronauts spent twenty one
hours and thirty seven minutes on the moon. They started back to the earth at 1:55 p.m on July 21.
Giáo viên Phan Điệu
Nguồn

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