Mô hình đào tạo nghề theo kỹ năng và nhưng ứng dụng vào đào tạo nghề ngắn hạn tại các trung tâm dạy nghề

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TRVONG D�I HOC SlJP�l\1 KY 'THU� T
THANH PHO HO CHi l\1INH
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KS PHAN MJNH

MO BiNH ••oAo T�O NGBE TBEO KY NANG''
vA NHO'NG UNG DVNG vAo oAo T�o NGnE
NG.AN H�N T�I cAc TRUNG TAM D�Y NGHE
..

CHUYEN NGANH Su' P� 1\1 KY rfHUA T
MA so 5.07.00
KHOA HOC 1997- 1999

LUAN AN TH�c sf KHOA HOC

Nguoi huang dfin:

PTS. DO DUC TUY
PTS. NGUYEN NGOC PHUONG

TP.

HO CHI MINH

-

1999


DAI HOC au6c GIA TP. HO CHI MINH

TRUONG fl�l HOC SU' PH�M KV THU�T
SO:

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CQNG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHTA VI�T NA:M
..

Dc?c l�p

-

Tl/ do

-

HQ.nh phuc

/8HSPKT/S8H

GlfiO HHIE M VU
LOB" YAH TOT HGHIEP CfiO HOC
.,

Bfl"

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•

•

•

•

•

PHAN MINH f>UC
Nganh hoc Gao hoc: SlJ PH�M KY THU�T

•

Ho va ten:
Khoa hoc:

Ma so:

5.o7.oo

1997 - 1999 .

Mo hinh "Elao t�o nghe theo

ky nang••

va nhung aing dung vao dao ,�0 nghe ngan h�n
t�i cac Trung tam d�y nghe
Giao vien huang dan :

PTS. e6 f>uc Tuy
PTS. Nguy�n NgQc Phu'dng

Thoi gian thvc hi�n : 1 5/3/ 1 999 den 1 5/7/ 1 999 .

Tp. H6 Chf Minh ngay 26 thang
TL. HI�U TRUONG

02 nam 1999.


n

chan thdnh biel dn
PTS. DO DUC TUY, Tru'dng Trung tam Vi�t E>u'c

PTS. NGUYEN NGQC PHUONG, giang vien
Tru'ong DH Su' ph9m Ky thu�t TP. HCM

ad !fin tinh h!ldng- dan !di hodn thdnh bdn flltjJ1 VdJ1 11df!


n

chan thdnh bit! dn
T�p th� Can b(}, nhan vien thu(}c phong
QUAN L Y KHOA HQC - SAU D�l HQC
Truong D�i Hqc Su' ph�m Ky thu�t TP. HCM
?

"

ddgitip dO, tqo mt;i die'u kit}n thutjn /tfi cho tdi
lzodn thdnh bdn ltttjn vein ndj!.


_j

!

n

chan thdnh biel dn
Th�y CHAU KIM LANG, giang vien chlnh
Truong D�i hQc Su ph�m Ky thu�t T P.HCM
Ong NGUYEN TRAN NGHiA, Ph6 Hi�u tru'dng

Tu'ong Trung hQc Cong nghi�p T P.HCM
Ong HOANG NGQC VAN, giang vi en
Truong D�i hQc Su' ph�m Ky thu�t T P.HCM
-

'

... va cac tac gia khac.

dd cho phep tdi tham khdo cdc tdi li(!u ella tfZtf vi,
dehodn thdnh bdn /ufin van ndfl.


j-

I

n

chan thanh biet dn
Cac ThSy, Co giang d�y t�i Phong Quan ly Khoa
hQc Sau D�i hQc, gia dlnh, dc5ng nghi�p,

dd ddng- g-dp f1 kien g-i!ip tdi hodn thdnh bdn lurjn van ndf!


,

I

!

NH�N XET CfJA GIANG VIEN Hl10NG oAN


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NHJ:\N XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BII;N

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NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIEN
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Ml)C L{)C
PHAN 1: PHAN Md DA u
I.
II.

III.
IV.
V.

D� t ''a'n de

1

. . . . . . . . . . . ................................ . .. . ........ . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ......... ......................

Ph? m vi nghien CUll
Nhi<$m V\1 va ffi\lC tieu nghien cuu
Phuong ph a p nghien CUll
Xac djnh tu ngii' . . . ... . ..... . .. .

2
3
3

· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ········ · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ····· · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · · ····· · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·············· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

···· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · ··· · ············ · ·····

··········· ················· ······ · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ····· ··· · ········· ··············· ········ · · · · ····

.... .... . . . .

..... .....

..

...

. ......................

.

.

...

....... ... ..............

.

.

...

. ... .....

.. 4

.

. ...

PHAN 2: PHAN NQI DUNG
Chudng I: Cd sd ly lu�n ciia d� tai
1. Cd so ly thuye't chung

�

·········· ·· ·········· ··········· · ········ ················ ···························

2. Giao dt-;IC hQc nghe nghi<$p voi cac nguyen t�c

6

qua trlnh d<;iy hQC ....................................................................................... 7
3. Co so tht;tc ti€n cu a xa h<) i ............................................................................ 8
CUa

Chudng II: Mo hlnh dao t�o nghe theo he$ thf)ng tam phudng ciia Thvy Si
1.

2.

3.
4.
5.

,..

,
hQC van
;t ...
ve� c,ac con uuong
............................................... . 1 0
Kh,at. quat
,

HQc ngh6 t�p sv ho�c kern c�p
.. . . . .
.
.
1 1
Tu va'n nghe
.
.
.
..
.. 1 2
,
H"y th ong
,..
,[.I
tong
e cd ban
hd. p d ?Y ngh�
? va
... na
" ng cao .................... 1 _,

...,
Phap chG th�ic hi<$n hi<$n cac ho(;lt o()ng d?Y nghe .................... 16
.......

. . . .....

.... ..................

. . ........ ............................. . .. . .......... ........ ........

6.

Cac d!a oic"m hQC t�p tho ng thu'(Jng

9.

HQc ngh€ kern c�p: t�p sv nghtS . . . . . . . . .

7.
8.

.. . .....

.......

. . . . . . . . . ................

···· · ······ ····· · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · ·

16

Cac phuc$ng thuc lien ke"t ......................................................................... 18
.
.
.
Ph 01
,., h c;fp trong ca, c ky... th 1 tot
" ................................................ 1 8
,.., ng h 1�p
.. . .

....

.

.

. 20

.

. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .

10. Cac m�t m�nh va h?n che' ctia h� tho'ng ....................................... 24

Chttong III: Mo hinh dao t�o ngh� theo hC: tho'ng kep cua CHLB Du·c
1.

2.

.
G 1ao
, d \IC chuyen
" ngh'"
t?O ngh�
1�p va... uao
,� ...
...,7
e ................................... ...

3.

Ca� truong nghe t�p trung va trung hQC nghe ......................... 27
Cac tntong trung hQC nghe vua hQC vua l am ............................. 27

4.

Truong Trung hQc chuyen nghil$p ..................................................... 28

6.

7.

Nhi<$m V\1 cu a nha nude trong dao 1?0 kep . . . .....
. 30
Chuang trlnh d?Y nghe . . ..
..
. . .. . . . . .. 31
Cong tac d?Y nghe ....................................................................................... 31

8.
9.

Quye't dinh dao t?o nghe .......................................................................... 3 1
, co so? d'ao t?O ngh�
Cac
e cua
y th"'
o ng k,ep ................................... 33
? h"

5.

. ... .... .

...

.....

...................... . . . . . ........ .....

................

..

. . . . . . . . ..

..

.

1 0. Truong nghe trong hi$ tho'ng kep ......................................................... 37

1 1 . Tinh phap che' trong phan cong, hc;fp tac ........................................ 38

Chuong IV: Mo hlnh dao t�o ngh� m()t s6 nuoc Chau A
1.

2.

va A sean

Giao dl;lc ky thu�t va nghe nghi<$p d Philipin .. . . ,.................. 40
Giao d\lc ky thu?t va nghe nghi<$p d Malaixia. .. ... . . . . . . .. 43
....

.

..

.

.

. . . . ....

.


I

1

3.

Giao dl_lc ky thu�t va ngh€ nghi�p d Nh�t Ban.......................... 45

Chudng V: So sanh voi finh hlnh dao t�o ngh� (J Vit;t Nam
I. Nh�n djnh qua cac mo hlnh dao t�o ngh€ tren th€ gidi
II. Lien ht$ vdi tlnh hlnh thlfc te' d Vi�t Nam
.
. . . . . . . ...............

Chudng VI: Mo hlnh dao t�o ngh� theo ky nang
I. Lich sii' d�y nghe dlfa vao modun ky nang nghe .
...

..

...

.... ......... .... . .. . . ..... ... . . . ....

.........

.

.. .... ... ....

53

. .57

.. .

.....

.48

.. .............

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..
. . 65
.
. ... .
67

.... .... . ....... .. ....... ............ ........

. ..... ... . . . . . . . .... . .... .......... . ....

.

..... .........

.. . . ...

II. K.hao sat thlfc trc;tng ngh€ . .. . . . . . .
.

III. Hoi dd n g c6 va'n . ...
. .. .
. . ....
.. . . .
IV. Phan tich ngh€ ... .
. .. .
. . .. . . . . . . .. .
......

.

.... . . ....... .....

. .

... ..

..

...

.

. . . ...... . . .... . . . . . . . ... .... .

. .. . . ... . ... . .

.. ......... . ...... .

... ... . .

V. Xay dlfng chuang trlnh . .. . . . . ... .. . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . . . 75
VI. Hua'n luy�n cong nhan dlfc vao qua trlnh dc;ty hQC thong thc;to....... 83
.

....

. .. . . . .... ....

.

. . .... ...... . .. .

....

. .....

. ..

... . . ....

PHAN 3: PHAN KET LU�N
1.

2.

Chuc nang nhit$m Vl} ctia Trung tam dc;ty ngh8
. .
Cac hlnh thuc t6 chuc dao tc;to tc;ti TDN va kha nang
ling dl_lng vao Trung tam d�y ngh€ . .

..
..
T6tn t�t
. . . .. .
..
.
Ke't lu�n - kie'n nghj .
.
. . . ...

3.

4.

. 89

....... . . . .... . .......

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .... . . ......

.. ...... . .

. . . . . . . . . . ........ ...... .... .....

..........

.................

.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......

96

. 97

.... ..... . . . .. . ......... ..... ...... . . . ..................... ... . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .

Tai li«$u tham khao

. 91

. . . . ...... . ........ . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . ... .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . ...........

.

1 ()0

PHAN PHl} LT)C
Phl} ll}c 1: s6 ngttoi tcft nghi�p dao tc;to nghe t�i TP. HCM

Phl} ll_lc 2: H9c sinh tcft nghi�p THCS va THPT phan ludng vao THCN va
dc;ty nghe
Phl} ll}c 3: So lu'qc v€ Dt! An tang cu.'ong cac Trung tam dc;ty nghe do
chinh phti Thl}y Si ali trq
Phl} l \}C 4: Hoi d6ng c6 va'n trong mo hlnh dao t(;lO ngh€ theo ky nang d

TP.HCM .
Phl} ll.lc 5: Danh sach giao vien tham dlf kh6a bdi du'ong phu'ong phap su.'
phc;tm dc;ty nghe theo ky nang
Phl} ll}c 6: M�u bi€'u dd phan tich ngh€ theo DACUM v a danh ffil;J.C cong
vi<$c dao tc;to nghe

Phl} ll.lc 7: Quye't djnh ctia Thti tu'dng Chinh phti phe duy<$t Ke' hoc;tch dao
t�o ngh€ tu 1999
hoi

-

2000 ctia Bo Lao dong Thttong binh va Xa



I

I

LU�N VAN TOT NG HieP CAD HOC Su' PH�M KY THU�T

Trang 1

I. E>�T VAN E> E
M¢t dat nu· o c trong giai do� n phcH trien kin h t e l u 6 n l u 6 n c a n
m ¢t h jc Iuong l a o d¢ n g k y t h u �t duoc d a o t � o . 8ie u n ay kh 6 ng n a m ng oai
ml)C ti e u p h at trien gia o dl)C dao t�o c u a bat ky m ¢t n uoc n ao. 8 6 c hf n h Ia
chien luoc p h at trien n g u o n n han h .!c , xay dvn g duoc m ¢t lvc I uo n g do n g
dao lao d¢ n g c 6 d a o t � o , c6 kha nan g tiep t h u v a l a m c h u c a c ky t h u �t va
c 6 n g n g h � m oi .
Kh i n 6 i v e n g u o n n han ll)'c , n g uoi t a thuong n 6 i den trf thuc,
trl n h d¢ dao t�o, nan g ll)'c sang tq.o , s ue khoe ... va nhu v�y, hq.t n han c u a
von n ha n ll)'c I a ll)'c Iuo n g lao d¢ n g duoc dao tq.o ve c h uye n m 6 n ky th u �t.
Ll)'c Iuo n g d6 I a n g u o n ll)'c c h fn h de ph at trien s a n xu at va djc h VI.) I p hl)C

VI.) X a h(>i .
Neu xet n g u o n n han h .!c h ay ll}c Iuong lao d¢ n g co c huye n
m 6 n ve ky th u$-t a g6c d¢ trln h d¢ dao tq.o, ty I� uu tie n bao gio c O n g d a n h
cho lvc Iuo n g c 6 n g n han ky th u �t, I a ll)'c lu·o ng lao d¢ n g c hfn h . Theo c hi
tie u c u a cac n ude phcit trien , ty I� giCta tr1 n h d¢ dao t�o f)q.i hoc - Trung
cap - C 6 n g n ha n Ia 1 - 1,5 - 3,5 (1>.
ml)C tieu cua giao dvc va dao tc;to CJ nu·oc ta hi� n nay Ia:
Nan g cao dan trf, dao tq.o n han ll)'c , boi du·a ng n han tai .. , n h u cau ve IL;iC
Iuong lao d¢ n g ky th u �t c O n g dan g Ia m ¢t thLi thach doi voi qh ung ta.
Voi

..

Tuy n hie n n eu n h1n l�i ty 1$ dao tc;iO cua ca nu· o c ta I - 0,54
0,61 nam hoc I 997-1998 (99.524 sin h vie n 8q.i hoc va Cao d � n g - 54.168
Tru n g hoc C h uy e n n g hi� p - 60.456 c 6 n g n han hoc n ghe) t h 1 c h u n g ta thay
rang chien lu(,)C dao tq.o cu a Ch u n g ta dang m at can doi n g hie m trong (?).
I

VI v�y m a ke h o�ch dao t�o n g h e giai doc;1n nam 1999 - 2000
c u a B(> Lao d(>n g T h uong bin h va Xa h ¢i duoc Chf n h p h u p h e d uy$t n gay
24 t h a n g 3 nam 1999 da n e u r6 ml)C tieU CUa dao tq.o n g h e trong giai
do�n 1999 - 2000:

"Nam 1999 aa o t�o nghe cho 670.000 nguoi, trong c16 120.000

nglioi dlir;Jc da o t�o nghe dai h�n va 550.000 nglioi OliQ"C da o
t�o nghe ngan h�n.

Nam 2000 aa o t�o nghe cho 780.000 nglioi, trong a6 150.000

nglioi Olir;iC da o t�O nghe dai h�n Va 630.000 ngli(Jj Olir;iC dao
t�o nghe ngan h�n " <4>


I.

J

LU�N VAN TOT NGHI�P CAD HOC Su' PH�M KY THU�T

Trang 2

N h u v{?.y hi$n nay n h a n ude ta da xac d!n h ro dao tq.o n g he Ia
n hi$m Vl) tron g tam trong p h at trien n g uon nhan h jC Va gan VOi giai q uyet
n h u cau vi$c lam c u a n glloi lao d(>n g . Ben Cc;in h Vi$c xay dljn g c hien lu�c
dao tc;lo n g he dai h � n c h fn h q uy a cac trllong tru n g hoc c h uyen n ghi$p,
de co du<;jc d¢i n g O c h uyen vien ky th u�H, n h a n vien n g hi�p V l) lan h n g he
n h am dap u n g n g uon n ha n hjc ky th u $t cao cho cac kh u c 6 n g n g hi�p, kh u
c he x u at va x u at khau lao d(>ng , da o t�o nghe ngan h�n c O n g dan g du'�c
n h a n uoc q ua n tam dau tu trong ke hoc;1ch chien lu<;jc p h at trien giao d l) c
dao t�o.
Tron g thl,ic te, khuynh h uang dao tc;1o n g he n ga n hc;in rat th fc h
h<;jp voi die u ki� n kin h te x a h(>i n ude ta v a n g uoi lao d(>n g , n h at I a doi
tu·� n g lao d¢ n g n g heo, n g uoi that n g hi�p, tr1n h d¢ van hoa n hat dln h ,
kh6 n g co dieu ki� n dau tu lon va thai gian dai cho qua tr1 n h dao t�o c h fn h
q uy dai hc;1n .
f) oi voi cac don vi dc;iy n g he, cac m6 h1n h dao tc;lo nghe nga n
hc;in dan g n g ay c a n g du' <;j C trien khai a p dl) n g Vl t fn h lin h hoc;it tron g c6n g
tac to c hu' c dao tc;10, mem deo trong n(>i d u n g chlldng trl n h Va V1 n h u cau
buc thiet cua n glloi lao d(>n g can vi�c lam ngay.

v?y tang cu·6'ng nhieu hlnh thtl"c dao tc;1o nghe de thfch
h�p vdi tun g doi tll�n g va nhu cau cua n glioi hoc dang Ia noi quan tam
c ua cac n g a n h thUQC h$ thong giao d l) C dao tc;10. 8ieu n ay c O n g kh6ng
n goai c h u tru·dn g cua 8a n g ta trong Bao cao c h fn h tri c u a 8?i h(>i 8ang
lan thu· 8 ve van de giao d l) C dao tc;iO Ia "Bang nhieu hlnh thilc cla d;;1ng
bao clam cho nglicii hQC nha't Ia ngtJCii ngheo, de? giao dl)C va cla o t�o phai
th�t St/ Ia qu6c sach hang aa'u"
Nhu

II.

PH�M VI NGHIEN CUU
- II M6 hln h dao tQ.O n ghe" Ia m(>t khai ni$m rat r(>n g . Tro n g do bao
gam CaC yeu to m l) C tieu , n(>i du n g , phlldng phap tien h a n h , hln h
t h uc to c h uc thLjc hi$n m(>t kieu to chu'c dao tc;lO n g h e . M6 h1n h
dao tc;10 n g he dll�C c hia thanh m 6 h 1nh dao tc;10 n g he dai hc;in Va
m6 hln h dao tc;1o n g he n gan hc;1n .
- M6 hln h dao tc;lO n g h e dai hc;in du�c hieu I a cac m6 hln h dao tQ.O
n g h e o cac truo n g Tru n g hoc n g he , tru· o n g Tru n g hoc Ch uyen
n g hi�p, truon g C 6 n g n h a n Ky thu{?.t . H 1 n h thuc to c h uc tron g m6
hln h nay du'c;1c quy din h theo n h u n g ke hoc;ich dai hc;in co to c h uc ,
Ch u'd n g trln h dV<;jC quy djnh thong n h at, c h fn h q u y V a c h�t c h e Ve


LU�N VAN TOT NGHI�P CAD HOC SU' PH�M KY THU�T

Trang 3

n¢i du n g c O n g n h u thai gian. Trang lu$n van se kh 6 n g de c $ p den
m 6 hln h daa t�a n ghe nay.

- Lu � n van c h u yeu khaa sat m6 h1n h daa tc,1a nghe n gan h�n va
"8aa t�a n g he thea ky nang" c O n g Ia m ¢t m6 h1n h daa t�o nghe
n gan h � n dan g dl1<;5c a p dl) n g t�i cac Tru n g Tam O�y Ngh e .
- Lu�n van c O n g s e ll1<;5t qua m ¢t so m 6 hln h dao t � o n g he o c ac
n uoc c 6 h � thong dao t�o n g he p h at trien n h u: C o n g hoa L i e n
Ban g 8 uc, T h l) y ST m ¢t so n uoc Chau A va Asea n .

III.N H i eM VU VA MVC TIE U N G HIE N CUU
- Cd so ly t h uyet va thl,ic tien cua dao tc;ia n g he va dao t�o n g he
n gan h � n .
- K h a o sat m 6 h1n h daa tc;1o n g he "tam phu'on g" o T h l) y ST v a m 6
hln h dao t � o n g he .. kep .. o C H LB 8uc, .
- Tln h hln h tht,.tc tien daa tc;1o n g he hi� n nay o cac Tru n g Tam Dc;1y
Ng h e
- Khao sat m 6 h1n h n8aa tc;10 nghe thea ky na ng o c ac Tru n g Tam
d�y Nghe: kh ao sat tht)'C trc;1ng, phan tfc h n g he, xay dl,.tn g c hu·ong
tri n h, to chu·c giang dc;1y.
..

- K h a nan g ung dl) n g vao cac Tru n g Tam D�y Ng he.
- y kien de x uat va kien nghi.

IV. PHUON G P HAP N G HIE N CUU
T ra n g q u a t rl n h thl,ic h i � n de tai, n g u· o i n g h i e n c u u da su
dy ng cac p h udn g p h a p n ghie n cuu sau
1.

Tham kha o tai l i �u:

Nguo i n g h i e n c uu da tham k h a o cac tai l i$u l i e n q ua n den de

tai , bao g o m :
- Cac van ki$ n , van ban p h a p quy cua c h fn h phu, n g a n h dc;iy n g h e
c6 t fn h din h h uang p h at t ri en c u a ngan h .

_.


LU�N VAN TOT NGHI�P CAD HQC StJ PH�M KY THU�T

Trang 4

- Cac tai li$u g i ao khoa, sach tham kh ao trong nu·dc va n ude n goai
ve g i ao dl,JC ky th u�t va nghe n gh i$p de lam co so n g h ien CLiU ly
thuyet.
- M¢t so tai li$u n g h ien cuu va h uan luy$n c u a Tru n g t a m Xay dl)'ng
Chu· o n g tr1n h va Ky n a n g g i a n g d�y do Chf n h p h u T h v y ST tai trc;1.
- Cac lu�n van tot n g h i$p cao h oc c u a n h ung kh 6 a t ru·oc c 6 lien
q u an den de tai dang n g h ien c u u
- Cac t h am l u�n , bai p h o n g van dang tren c. a c bao l ie n q u an den
dao t�o n g he n gan hGln
2.

Tham gi a tnJc t iep va o qua trlnh thlt n g h i � m mo hlnh da o t� o nghe
th e o ky nan g

B a n t h a n n g uo i n g h ien cuu da t njc tiep tham g i a vao c h udng
.
tr1 n h thu n g h i$m a p dl,Jn g m 6 hln h dao tGlO n g he thea ky n an g Vao c6n g
tac to chuc dao t�o n g he n gan h � n o cac Tru n g t a m dGlY n g he d t h a n h
p h o Ho C h f Mi n h tu n a m 1995, do Chf n h phu T h v y ST tai trc;1 . Tro n g qua

tr1nh t h am g i a, n g uoi n g h ien cuu da c u n g tien h a n h to c huc n hieu hoc;1t
d¢n g lien q u an den vi�c khao sat n ghe, phan tfch n g he va xay dt,.ing
chu'd ng tr1nh n ham tu· n g btioc ap dl,Jn g m 6 h1n h nay vao c6n g tac to C hLiC
dao t�o c u a cac Tru n g tam dGlY n g he trong ca n ude.
M�c du cac ho�t d¢ ng c u a tien tr1 n h da bat dau tCJ n a m 1995,
n h un g ap dt,Jn g vao c6n g tac to chu'c dao tGlO cu a cac Tru n g t a m d �y n g he
chi c hf n h thCtc tu n a m 1998, do d6 c h ua dan h gia du'<;jc ket q u a c u oi c u n g .
Tuy con n h ieu k h 6 kh a n , do trong q u a tr1n h � a p d v n g p hai thay
doi kha n h ieu trong c o n g tac to c h uc dao t�o, n h un g b a n t h a n n g uo i
n g h ie n cuu tin vao h i$u qua c u a m6 h1nh n ay doi voi h 1 n h thuc dao t�o
nghe n ga n h � n , It ra o t h a n h pho Ho C hf M i n h .

V. X.AC E> INH TU NGU
1.

E> a o t� o nghe
-

Da o t�o nghe dai h�n: I a khai n i$m dao tGlo n g he t ro n g k h u vvc
cac t ruo n g dGlY n g he chfnh quy bao g o m c ac t ruo n g T H C N , tnio n g
C N KT tuyen s i n h theo c hi tieu , ke hoc;ich c u a n h a nu'oc ho�c
n g a n h q uy d!n h .

v


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LU�N VAN TOT NG HieP CAO HQC Sli PH�M KY THU�T

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- Da o t�o nghe ngan h�n: dao tc;io n g he ban c h fn h q u y voi c h udng
trl n h dao tc;10 l i n h h Oc;it thea nhu cau t h j trlion g , thai g i an n ga n , doi
tu<;5ng h o c n ghe mo r¢ n g tu pho c�p n g he den bo i dlid n g , n a n g
cao tay n g he.
2.

Modun n g he: Ia t�p h <;1 p m ¢t so c 6 n g vi�c trong m ¢t c h uy e n m 6 n hep
c u a m(>t n g he c6 l i e n q u an vdi n hau.

3. Ky nang: Kha nang thtjc hi�n hoan chl n h m ¢t c 6 n g vi�c c u a n ghe
4.

Trung Ta m D�y N g he:
- Cd so dao tc;iO n g he n gan h c;i n c6 c h uc nang p ho c�p n g he, bo i
duang c h uy e n m a n ng h i � p Vl), n a n g cao tay n g he c h o bat ky doi
tuo n g n gli o i hoc n g he nao kh6ng p h an b i$t tuoi tac, trln h d¢ van
h 6 a.
Hln h thu'c Tru n g tam dc;iy n g he a Vi$t Nam du<;5c n ha n r(>ng tCi
n htJng n a m 1980. Tru·oc tln h hln h n h u cau dao tc;io n g he I a rat ldn ,
n hli n g SO trliong n g he V a quy m 6 dao tc;tO n g he CO p h a n S l) t g i a m ,
kha n a n g baa cap c u a n h a nu· o c c6 p h a n hc;tn c he, da hln h t h a n h
n e n m(>t m 6 hln h dao tc;io n g he moi. 86 Ia St.)' r a d o i c u a c ac Tru n g
T a m Dc;1y Nghe (TTDN) qu�n huy� n. Tru n g Ta m Dc;1y N g h e Le
C h a n qu�n Le C h a n ( H a i Phong) va Tru n g Ta m Dc;iy Ng he h uy$n
Nam N i n h ( H a Nam N i n h) th a n h l�p n a m 1982 Ia 2 tru n g tam da u
tien a Vi�t Nam ra doi n hli m(>t the n g h i � m .

- Nam 1982 c a n ude chi c 6 2 TTDN, den n a m 1986 da c 6 141
TTDN hoc;tt d¢ n g thea hln h thuq n h a n ud� va n h a n d a n c u n g lam .
C hi t fn h r i e n g 23 ddn vi Tru ng Tam Dc;iy Nghe va trli o n g n g he
th u(>c h$ t h on g n h a n ude a thanh p h o Ho C h f M in h vao n htJng
n a m 1994- 1995 da dao tc;to du<;1c 62.040 n guoi l ao d¢ n g c6 n g he ,
tro n g d6 5.168 n g uo i c6 tay n g he tudng d udng b�c 2/7, 3/7 <2>.



LU�N VAN TOT NGHieP CAO HQC SlJ PH�M KY THU�T
1.

Trang 6

Cd sa ly th uyet c h ung

Giao d l) c t re n the g ioi n gay n ay , a cac n lioc Xa h ¢ i C h u
n ghTa c O n g n h li TLi b a n C h u n ghTa to n tc;1i s o n g s o n g h ai n g a n h hoc t rong
h� thong g i a o d l) C quae d a n . £)6 Ia n g a n h g i ao dl)C pho t h o n g va n g a n h
giao d l) c c h uy e n n g hi$p .
Xet ve m l)C d fc h thl g iao dl)C n g h e n g h i$p I a n g a n h h o c d<;iy
c o n n g lioi biet each lao d¢ n g , n e n Ve m�it l jch SU, giao d l) C n g h e n ghi$p
XUat h i$n c u n g VOi Sl,J' XUat h i$n CUa con n glioi, boi VI chi c 6 h oc;1t d¢ n g l ao
d¢ n g moi l a m c h o c o n n g uo i phat trien duc;; c (10).

Gia o dl)C h o c n g h e n g h i$p kho n g the p h at trien m ¢t eac h day
du t ro n g p hc;1m vi gia o d l) c hoc t ruoc day , boi vl n 6 hc;1n c h e tro n g n h a
truong pho th o n g . Sv h ln h thanh giao d l) c h o c n g h e ngh i$ p , c O n g n hu· sl,J'
hlnh t h a n h n hO' n g p h lidng phap b¢ m 6 n, gan lie n VOi Slj p h at trien CUa cac
trlio n g d<;iy n g h e , VOi Sli phat trien cua khoa hoc, ky thu$t Va san XUat.

£)6 I a m(;t Sl,J' ch uyen bien tfc h Cl.iC trong quan diem ve vai t ro
cu a gia o d l) C hQC t rong cac trliong ky thu$t va d<;iy n g h e . Tra n g d6 , Vi$c
d<;iy thl,J'C h a n h, d�y s a n xuat Ia m¢t b¢ ph$n q u an tro n g n h at c u a gia o d l) C
ky thu�t- n ghe nghi�p ma trUong p h o thong hay giao dl)C p h o tho n g tnioC
day kh 6 n g de c�. p toi.
Trang giao dvc hoc pho t h o n g, nhO'ng ly lu?n dc;1y h o c b¢
m o n dLic;; c hlnh thanh: ly lu$n dc;iy hoc cac bQ m 6 n k h oa hoc xa h ¢i va
khoa hoc tv n h i en. Sv hlnh thanh ve m?.t ly lu$n dc;iy hoc c u a giao d l) C
h o c n g h e ng h i$ p c Ong thea c o n du·ong nay: ly l u $ n d<;iy s a n x u at cO n g
duc;;c h l n h t h a n h <19).
NhO'n g ba n th uyet min h ve d�c diem c h uy e n m o n n g h e
n g h i$p x u at p h at tLi n ¢ i d u n g lao d¢ n g , tu n hU"ng kien thuc v a k y n a n g c a n
thiet c h o c o n g tac c u a m ¢t n g h e n h at din h . N h l n c h u n g p h a n n h i e u n ¢ i
d u n g l ao dQn g n g h e n g h i$p Se Xac djn h n ¢ i d u n g dao t<;lO , tuy ra n g c6 the
kho n g p h u hc;; p tuy$t doi , n h un g n¢i dung dc;1y ky t h u $t nghe n g h i$p phai
p h u hc;; p voi tun g g i ai doc;1n phcH trien c u a san xuat .
N h lin g v a n d e SLi p h<;im c h T n ay sin h k h i ta c h uyen tu c a c don
Vi CUa nQi d u n g san XUat sang cac ddn Vi du n g de dc;iy n g h e .
NhU"ng n guye n tac s au day c6 t h e Ia c o so d e Iva c h o n n ¢ i
d u n g dc;1y ky t h u $t n g h e n g h i$p:


LU�N VAN TOT NGHI�P CAD HQC SU' PH�M KY THU�T

Trang 7

- Moi tuo n g q uan g iua n ¢ i d u n g dQ.y ky thu�t n g h e n g h i$p voi trln h
dQ phat tri e n s a n XUat, V O i cac h l n h thu'C CO b a n CUa Slj p h a n c 6 n g
v a h ej p tac tron g ITn h VLjC san xu at C l) the.
- Tfn h k h oa h o c , tfn h h$ thong va tfn h can ban g c u a tai l i$U h o c t�p,

g i a n g dQ.y c ac p h liong phap lao d¢ n g hc;; p ly
- T h on g n hat d Q.y thLjc han h (dQ.y san xuat) voi lao d¢ n g s a n x uat,
dQ.y h o c n gay tron g c 6 n g vi$c t h vc te <19).
2.

G ia o d v c h QC nghe nghitjp vdi cac n g uye n t�c cua q ua t rinh d�y
h QC:

C o n g tac dQ.y n g h e thvc chat Ia co n g tac g1ao d l) c n g h e
ngh i$p. Tron g q u a trln h dQ.y n g h e , g i a o v i e n p h a i v � n d l) n g c a c n g uye n
tac g iao d l) c de re n l uy$n n g uo i hoc co tay n g h e vun g chac , trd tha n h
nguo i lao d¢ n g tot c h o dat n ude
-

Nguyen tac bao dam tfnh khoa hQc: n ¢ i d u n g hoc p h a i c hfn h xac
p h a n a n h s i n h d¢ n g , khach q uan va du n g dan q u a trln h san xuat
tron g t h v·c te. Cac tai li$u ky t h u �t phai c�p n h �t mang tin h h i$n
dQ.i , cau true cac ky nang cua ng h e nghi�p phai c o trinh ttl logic ,
hc;; p ly , t h eo kip tien b¢ khoa hoc ky t h u �t.

-

Nguyen tac bao dam tfnh thl/C tien: n¢i dung phan a n h s i n h d()n g
han g n gay c u a n ga n h n g h e , s Li dl) n g th u �t n gu du n g c h uy e n man
kh6 n g tach roi ky nan g thLjc han h .

- Nguyen tac bao dam tfnh vila. sue: khoi lu'C/ng cO n g n h u m uc d¢
kh6 cua n ¢ i d u n g phai p h u hc;; p voi trln h d¢ cua n g lio i h o c . IIVua
s ue .. kh o n g co n ghTa Ia q u a de dan g , rna no mang y n ghTa I a bu¢c
n g lio i h o c nghe p h a i s u dl) n g den g i o i h Q. n cua n o l vc cao n hat

tro n g q u a trln h tiep thu va ung d l) n g . Tuc I a n g lioi h o c p h a i dQ.t
den m ¢t sv ..can g th�ng .. n hat din h . Tuy v�y c O n g kh 6 n g n e n dua

n hu n g kien t h uc h o�c ly th uyet khoa h oc ky th u �t q u a cao s i e u d u
ran g rat h i$n dQ.i . Voi nan g ILjc su· p h Q. m , n g lioi d Q.y p h a i c h uyen
doi n h un g ly th uyet truu tuo n g tha n h n h u n g m i n h h oa h o�c hlnh
tlic;1 n g Cl) t h e de n g lio i hoc tiep thu de dan g. Tfn h vua s ue con t h e
h i$n d m uc d¢ k h 6 c u a c a c ky nan g n g h e n g h i$ p tan g d a n , tac
dQn g den Slj no ll)C CUa n glioi h oc .
Nguyen tac bao dam tinh trljc quan: q u a trl n h n h � n thuc c u a c o n
n g lio i t h e o q u an d i e m triet hoc duy v�t bi$n Ch u n g c u a Marx Ia 11TU


LU�N VAN TOT NGHI � P CAD HOC SU' PH�M KY THU�T

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tn,ic q u an s i n h d¢ n g den tu' duy trLiU tu'�ng" the h i � n rat r6 trong
n g uye n tac n ay. Tnjc q u an trong d?Y hoc phai bao d a m I a c a u n oi ,
I a k h a u t ru n g g i an trong giai do?n truu tu�ng hoa (tu Cl:J t h e h i$n
thl,iC tien l e n kh a i n i$m ly th uyet) Va ca trong g i ai do� n Cl:J t h e hoa
(ta i t?o ra cai Cl:J the trong tu duy). Trong d?Y n g h e , n guoi g i a o
v i e n thuo n g trl,ic q u an hoa t h o n g ti n tho n g q u a m o hln h h ay v�t
th�t. Vi$c su d l) n g m o hln h h ay v�t th�t de dam b a o h i$U q ua c u a
vi$c t ruy e n d?t t h o n g ti n phai tuy th u ¢ c vao n ¢ i d u n g ky n a n g t rl n h
bay, d�c d i e m l ua t u o i v a trl n h d ¢ v a n hoa n gu'oi h o c , du n g l u c ,
du n g c h o. K h i s u d l) n g m o hlnh , t rl,ic quan y e u c a u t ro n g d � y n g h e
p h a i b a o d a m t f n h c h fn h x ac n h u v�t th�t.
- Nguyen tac bao dam tfnh vang chac cua kie'n thtlc: N g uye n tac n ay
y e u c a u : m ¢t m�t phai bao dam truye n th l) c h o h o c s i n h n hung

kien t h uc VCin g c hac , ben laU, m �t khac tre n Cd SO do phat tri e n
toa n di$n. n hu n g n a n g ll,ic n h � n th l,ic va n a n g l l,i c h a n h d¢ n g c u a
h o. Muon d?t y e u cau nay, n ¢ i dung b a i hoc p h a i du'<;1c ti n h g ian
va co h$ thon g , ta i li$u hoc t�p phai trln h bay de h i e u , n h o lau va
du'Qc n guo i hoc v�n dl) ng thanh th?o , ngu·ai hoc p hai du'<;1c thl,ic
h a n h a n h i e u d � n g khac n h au de v�n dl) ng kien t h uc vao thl,ic
tien , t�o dieu ki$n de tai h i$n l?i kien thu·c co t h o n g q u a tfn h h$
thong cua bai hoc, kiem tra thuon g xuye n trong q u a trln h dao t�o ...
- Nguyen tac baa dam tfnh chu dc)ng hQC tQ,p: n g uye n tac doi hoi
n gu·oj d�y phai biet phoi h<;jp mQt each huu Cd , h <;j p ly n hat n hling
h l n h thu'c hoc t�p ca n h a n va t�p the (nhom , to, lop) cu a n gu'oi
h o c , tro n g do phai bao dam p h at h uy cao d¢ n hO'n g uu diem rie n g
bi$t c u a no. T�p t h e co vai tro Ia m o i t ru·a ng, I a din h h ua n g c h o
t u n g c a n h an h o c t � p , n gu'<;jC l?i , Sl,i n o ll:J'G CU? c a n h a n p_ h u h <;j p
VOi h o�t d¢ n g CUa nhom t?O d i e u ki$n t h u c day h o�t d¢ n g c h u n g
c u a ca n hom. V i$c p h at h uy Sl,i chu d¢ ng hoc t�p c u a c a n h a n
t rong n ho m con ren luy$n c h o n guoi hoc co k h a n a n g l a m vi$c
c h u n g t ro n g c ¢ n g do n g , b i et lang n g h e y kien c u a n g uo i k h ac va
t rl n h bay y kien c u a ca n h a n mln h.

3. Cd sCi thljc ti�n n h u cau cua

xa

hQi ve lao dQng du'QC da o t� o nghe

- Cac cOn g ty, x f n g h i$p s a n x u at c 6 n g n g h i$p c a n n hu n g l ao d¢ n g
co t rl n h d ¢ tay n g h e v a du n g c h u an n h a m d a p u n g n g ay day
ch uye n s a n x u at, h?n c h e phai trai qua qua trl n h tai dao t�o t?i x f
n g h i$p.

LU�N VAN TOT NGHI�P CAO HOC Sli PH�M KY THU�T

Trang 9

- Cac ddn vi san xuat can thay doi day c h uye n san x uat h ay c a n
c $ p n h $t k y n a n g n g he c h o c o n g n h a n trong thai g i an n gan m a
k h 6 n g c a n phai tuyen dl) n g lao d ¢ n g m oi .
- M¢1 so cd so san xuat n ho c u a tu n h a n can tuyen n hu n g lao d¢ n g
dLi�C d a o t�O m ¢1 SO ky n a n g n g h e n g h i � p n hat djn h de CO t h e
th am g i a n g ay v a o q u a t r1 n h san x uat rn a kh6 n g c a n t h i et phai biet
t h a n h t h � o tat ca cac ky n a n g n g h e.
- Lao d¢ n g that n g h i � p c a n du�c dao t�o trong m¢t thai g i an n ga n
voi m ¢t s o ky n a n g n g h e c a n t h i et theo yeu c a u de c6 t h e h a n h
n g h e tt.J m uu s i n h n gay.
- Ll)'c lu� n g lao d¢ n g t r1 n h d¢ van h 6 a thap , h � n c h e ve t hai g i an ,
k i n h p h i e o h�p , c 6 n h u cau c a n giai quyet vi�c lam n g ay.
- 8 a p Ling n hu n g n h u cau tre n c ac TT D N phai c6 kha n a n g to c h uc
dao t�o n g h e c h o m o i doi tu� n g c6 n h u cau de c6 t h e dap Lin g
dLi�C n h u CaU g iai quyet Vi�C lam tu·c thai CUa n g uai lao d¢ n g va
n h u cau tuyen d l) n g c u a c ac don vi san xuat.
Do d6 van de d�t ra Ia n g h i e n cu·u ll,ia c h o n m 6 h 1 n h dao t�o
n g he nao toi uu de cac TT DN c6 the dao t�o ra ltJc lu'c;jng lao d¢ n g VLia c6
tay n g h e p h l) c VI) xa h ¢ i vua c6 kha n a n g tv· mu'u si n h .



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LU�N VAN TOT NGHI�P CAO HQC SU' PH�M KY THU�T
1.

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10

Kha i· quat ve cac con du'ong hQc van

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Sd d6 1 :

Ty lc$ thanh nien Thl;ly Si chQn con du'ong hQc va'n

Khoang 60°/o thanh t h i eu n i e n c h o n con duo n g h o c n g he t�p
sl,i (kern c�p) sau khi h oan tat T ru n g hoc Co sd. Phan ldn con lc;1i c h o n
truo n g Dl) bi 8c;1i h o c de c h u an bi lay c h ung chi tru n g tuyen 8c;1i h oc . M¢t
so n g h e khac du'�C dao tGJ,O tc;li cac tru'o n g T ru n g hoc C huye n n g h i � p .
T ru n g bin h c6 khoang 1 /5 t h i eu n i e n theo hoc cac t ruo n g T ru n g h o c
C h uy e n n g hi� p n ay , v f dl) truo n g T ru n g h o c T h uong mc;1 i h o�c t ru'o n g dao
tGJ,o Y ta/8 i e u d uang vie n .
GOn g n h u' n h i e u n oi k h ac t re n t h e g id i , hoc van p h o t h o n g
t h eo k i e u tu c h uang b ao gio cOn g duc;1c u a c h u ¢ n g h on h o c n g h e .. C a c h o c
sin h p h o t ho n g loc;1i g i oi thu'o n g bat d a u hoc Dl) bi 8 c;1 i hoc n g ay k h i con
t ro n g t ruo n g T ru n g h oc h o�c n g ay s au khi hoan tat T ru n g hoc P h o t h o n g .
Tuy n hi e n tGti Thl)y ST, g i a o dl)c ky t h u �t n g h e n g h i � p van du'�c d a n h g i a
cao vi n 6 m o r a n hi e u c o h ¢i tuyen dl)n g cho n hO'ng ai h oa n tat c h uang
trln h h oc n g he . H on nO'a, tu g6c d¢ kin h te, dao tGJ,o nghe con duc;1c t fn h
diem cvc c�o t ro n g xa h ¢i .


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LU�N VAN TOT NGHI�P CAO HQC Sli PH�M KY THU�T
2.

H QC n ghe t�p stJ ho(jc
d�y n ghe

kern

Trang

11

cijp: cot loi cua giao dlJC ky th u�t va

Coi 15i c u a Gia o d v c Ch uye n n ghi$p va D�y n g h e t�i T h v y ST
Ia vi$c h o c n g h e kern c�p. B oi vl qua trln h n ay thlio n g x u y e n dLic;)C tien
h a n h t ro n g p h � m vi m ¢t c6 n g ty , nguoi T h v y ST c o n goi h o�t d¢ n g dao t�o
nay I a ..t�p sl} t�i xl n ghi$p .. h o�c ..t�p Slj h a n h nghe ... T re n t hl}c te, c6 tat
ca 3 m 6i t ruo n g h o c t�p t rong h o�t d¢ n g dao t�o n ay: Co s o s a n xuat ,
T ruon g d �y n g h e v a T ru n g tam Dc;ty n g h e , d6 I a l y do khien h$ t h o n g n ay
c o n dLi<;1c goi I a h� thong tam phliong (Triad System).
H$ thong n ay k h ac voi h� thong song hanh tGli 8 uc m a c h u n g
t a s e khao s at vl c a c T ru n g t a m Dc;ty n g h e o 8 uc kh6 n g duc;)c x e m I a m ¢t
m 6i t ruo n g hoc n g h e d¢c l�p <6>.

Sd d6 2: H� tho'ng tam phu'dng

trong d?Y nghS

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Thai gian tu 2 -4 nam

Ap dl)ng cac quy djnh cua Uc;iO lu�t ve
Giao d�:�c Ky thu�t
Khao thf cua nha nu·ac cho moi nganh
nghe Cl) the