Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 2

5. Wish Clauses : Mệnh đề ao ước.
*** Future wish :
S + wish + S + would / could + Verb ( bare inf ).
*** Present wish :
S + wish + S + were (not) / Verb (cột 2 / ed) / didn’t verb (bare infinitive).
*** Past wish :
S + wish + S + Had (not) + Verb (pp).
Examples: 1. He will get there by motorbike.
 I wish he
wouldn’t get there by motorbike.
2. I can’t speak English fluently.
 I wish I could
speak English fluently
3. My friends don’t take part in the game.  I wish my friend
took part in the game.
4. I didn’t know that Alice was ill.
 I wish I had
known that Alice was ill.
6. Clauses of reason /concession  phrases of reason /concession: Mệnh
đề chỉ lí do / sự nhượng bộ
 cụm từ chỉ lí do / sự nhượng bộ
Because / although / though …  Because of / In spite of /
despite
*** S + be + adj
Possessive + noun
*** The / possessive +N+ be + adj
The / possessive + adj + N
*** S + V (tenses ) + …
( Possessive ) + ( not ) + Ving
* Nếu 2 mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng “BUT” . Khi viết lại câu với Although
/ though, ta chỉ cần bỏ “BUT” rồi đưa although / though vào mệnh đề đầu.

. ( Clauses and phrases of reason /concession )
Adjective

Adjective

Noun
Noun
Important

Importance
Tired

Different

Tiredness
Difference
Sick

Absent

Sickness
Absence
Ill

Honest

Illness
Honesty
Late


Difficult

Lateness
Difficulty
Kind

Poor

Poverty


Kindness


Lazy
Laziness



Sad



Noisy
noise
Invent


of

The

The invention

Sadness
Dark



Darkness
Examples: 1. Because he is lazy , he often gets bad marks .
 Because of his laziness , he often gets bad marks .
2. Because the husbands were absent, women went to work in
factories.
Because of the absent husbands ,women went to work in
factories.
Because of the husbands’ absence , women went to work in
factories.
3. Although she didn’t ask him, he helped her.
 In spite of her not asking him , he helped her.
4. It was raining heavily, but the boys were playing football.
Although/though It was raining heavily,the boys were playing
football.
7. Comparision of Adjectives and Adverbs: Câu so sánh
*** Equal Comparisions:
S + V + as / so + adj / adv + as + noun / pronoun.
*** Unequal Comparisions:
Short adj / adv + er
S+V+
+ than +

noun / pronoun.
More + long adj / adv
*** Superlatives:
Short adj / adv + EST
S + V + the +
+
( prepositional phrase )
Most + long adj / adv
*** Double comparations: so sánh kép : Càng … càng
* The + short adj / adv + er + S + V, The + short adj / adv + er + S
+ V.
* The more + long adj / adv + S + V, The more + long adj / adv + S
+ V.
Notes : 1. Good / well
better
 the best
2. Bad / badly
worse
 the worst


3. Many / much
more
 the most
4. Little
less
 the least
5. Far
further/farther (Khoảng cách)  the
further/farther (Khoảng cách)

Examples: 1. Mary is certainly more intelligent than her sister .
Mary’s sister is certainly not so intelligent as Mary / her.
2. You don’t speak English as fluently as she. She speaks
English more fluently than you (do).
3. Today is not sunny as yesterday.
Yesterday is
sunnier than today.
4. I know him better than you.
You don’t know
him so well as me.
5. Nobody in the team plays football so well as Tom.
Tom is the best football player in the team.
6. The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive.
7. The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
8. Reported speech: Câu tường thuật
*** Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:
1. Câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu:
* Câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu có các dạng:
“(Don’t)+V+…..+(please)”
“Will/Would/Can/Could+S+(not)+……+
(please)?”
“Would you mind+(not)+V-ing+…..?”
=>S+ told / asked/warned(cảnh báo) / begged (cầu xin) / ordered (ra
lệnh) / reminded(nhắc nhở) + O + (not) toV…
Ex: “Listen carefully” The teacher said to us
=> The teacher
told/asked us to listen carefully.
-“Don’t make noise, Jim” The perfect said.
=> The perfect ordered
Jim not to make noise.

-“Would you mind putting out your cigarette?” said a woman.
=>A woman reminded me to put out my cigarette.
*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật “asked” có dạng:
-“I’d like+……..”
-“Can/Could I have+……..”
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức:
S+ asked (+O) + for + st +
…..


Ex: In the café, the man said: “I’d like a cup of tea”. =>The man
asked for a cup of tea.