Essential science 5 reinforcement worksheets

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Reinforcement and Extension

Worksheets

Science, Geography and History

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The Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets for Essential Science, Science,Geography
and History for Year 5 of Primary Education are a collective work, conceived,
designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of José Tomas Henao and Javier Pérez rubalcaba
Contributing author: Lesley Thompson
Editors: Martin Minchom, Sheila Klaiber
Illustrations: Jorge Salas
Art Director: José Crespo
Design coordinator: Rosa Marín
Cover design: Martín León Barreto
Artwork coordinator: Carlos Aguilera
Coordinator design development: Javier Tejeda
Design development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés
Technical director: Angel García Encinar
Technical coordinators: Fernando Carmona, Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Alfonso García, Pedro Valencia
Research and photographic selection: Amparo Rodriguez
Photographs: C. Suárez; Carlos Jiménez/photoAlquimia; GARCÍA-PELAYO/Juancho; I. Rovira;

J. C. Muñoz; J. I. Medina; J. Jaime; MICROS/J. M. Blanco; J. Lucas; J. M.ª Escudero; J. V. Resino;
Krauel; L. M. Iglesias; Larrión-Pimoulier; M. Blanco; M. San Félix; O. Torres; ORONOZ; P. Esgueva;
P. López; Prats i Camps; S. Enríquez; S. Padura; TERRANOVA INTERPRETACIÓN Y GESTION
AMBIENTAL; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Science Source; ARCHIVO SAHATS/Domench - Azpilicueta;
DIGITAL BANK; EFE/Dennis M. Sabangan; EFE/SIPA-PRESS/Letterio Pomara, R. L.; GETTY IMAGES
SALES SPAIN; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I. Preysler; J. M.ª Barres; JOHN FOXX IMAGES;
MUSEUM ICONOGRAFÍA/J. Martin; O. Daidola; PHOTODISC; SEIS X SEIS/D. Lezama; Armand ColinVéronèse; BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA/Laboratorio Biblioteca Nacional; I. Nieva; MATTON-BILD;
REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA DE LA LENGUA, MADRID; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO
SANTILLANA

© 2009 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing
Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid
Richmond Publishing is an imprint
of Santillana Educación, S. L.

Richmond Publishing
26-28 Hammersmith Grove
London W6 7BA
United Kingdom

PRINTED IN SPAIN

CP: 158225
D.L.:

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of
the publisher.

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Contents
Page

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Reinforcement Worksheets
11 Living things ...........................................
12 Plants ....................................................
13 Invertebrates...........................................
14 Vertebrates .............................................
15 Nutrition .................................................
16 Matter.....................................................
17 The atmosphere......................................
18 The landscape ........................................
19 Rivers .....................................................
10 Population ..............................................
11 The economy ..........................................
12 Prehistory and Antiquity ..........................
13 The Middle Ages .....................................

4
6
8
10
12

14
16
18
20
22
24
26
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Extension Worksheets
11 Living things ...........................................
12 Plants .....................................................
13 Invertebrates...........................................
14 Vertebrates .............................................
15 Nutrition .................................................
16 Matter.....................................................
17 The atmosphere......................................
18 The landscape ........................................
19 Rivers .....................................................
10 Population ..............................................
11 The economy ..........................................
12 Prehistory and Antiquity ..........................
13 The Middle Ages .....................................

30
32
34
36
38
40

42
44
46
48
50
52
54

Answer Key ..................................................

56

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1 Living things

REINFORCEMENT

1. Name three living and three non-living things.
a. Three living things:
b. Three non-living things:
2. Match the two columns.
a. Nutrition

1. Living things react to their environments.

b. Sensitivity

2. Living things have offspring.

c. Reproduction

3. Living things eat food, which contains nutrients.

3. Use these words to complete the sentences.
unicellular
a.

wall

multicellular

membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

cells

are the smallest living units in a living thing.

b. Living things which are made up of a single cell are

.

c. Living things which are made up of many cells are

.

d. The

is the covering around the cell.

e. The

is the part which controls the cell.

f.

is between the nucleus and the membrane.

g. Plant cells also have a hard cell

around the membrane.

4. Label this cell.
cytoplasm
nucleus
membrane

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ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
5. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.
Animals

1. They make their own food.

2. They have roots in
the ground.
Plants
3. They have a nervous system
and sense organs.

4. They depend on other
organisms for food.

Fungi

5. They can move from one
place to another.

6. They eat other living things.

6. Answer the questions.
a. How are fungi and plants similar?

b. How are fungi and animals similar?

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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2 Plants

REINFORCEMENT

1. Find 12 words and complete the sentences.

G

Y

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a. The

of a plant are in the soil.

b. The

supports the leaves.

c. Water and

are transported

from the roots to the leaves inside the stem.
d. The

breathe and make

the plant’s food.
e.

plants are the biggest
group of plants.

f.

have small flowers
.

but no
g.

have flowers and fruit.

h. Non-flowering plants need
and
i.

.

are small plants
which live on rocks and trees.

j.
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have big leaves.
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
2. Use the words to label the illustration of plant nutrition.
elaborated sap
carbon dioxide
leaf
oxygen
raw sap
roots
stem
water and
dissolved minerals
3. Circle the correct option.
a. Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.
b. The stamens are the male / female parts which produce pollen.

c. Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens / petals.
d. Respiration / Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the ovary.
e. The ovary / corolla is the female part which contains ovules.
f. Sunlight / Wind can carry pollen to other plants.
g. After pollination, the ovary / calyx grows and becomes a fruit with seeds.
h. When seeds germinate, they open / close and small roots grow.
4. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.
a

b

c

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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3 Invertebrates

REINFORCEMENT

1. Complete the text about invertebrates.
Invertebrates are animals which do not have a (a.)
(b.)

or a

. Most invertebrates are very (c.)

,

but some are enormous. Most are (d.)

, but some have

irregular bodies. Many invertebrate bodies are protected by (e.)
or (f.)

. Invertebrates are (g.)

;

a larva hatches from an egg.
2. Identify the invertebrate groups.
a

b

c

d

e

f

3. Name the invertebrates.
a. Invertebrates you have seen:

b. Invertebrates you have eaten:

c. Invertebrates which can sting you:

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REINFORCEMENT
4. Which invertebrate group is being described?
a. They have soft bodies. Many are covered by shells.
b. They are marine animals with jelly-like bodies and tentacles.

c. They are covered by a hard exoskeleton.
d. They have irregular bodies and cannot move.
e. They have long, soft bodies. Many are parasites.
5. Label the parts of this arthropod.

6. Match the columns.
1. Their bodies are divided into three parts.
2. They have ten or more legs.

Arachnids

3. They have long bodies with many legs.

Crustaceans

4. The thorax has six legs.

Insects

5. They are the most numerous arthropod group.

Myriapods

6. They have eight legs.
7. The head has one pair of short antennae.
8. The body is divided into the abdomen
and the cephalothorax.

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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4 Vertebrates

REINFORCEMENT

1. Find 8 words in the wordsearch.

P

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A

2. Complete the table. Use words from the wordsearch.
Mammal group

Example

A characteristic

They have no hair.

3. Circle the correct option.
a. The bodies of reptiles are covered with fur / scales.
b. Reptiles are warm-blooded / cold-blooded animals.
c. All reptiles breathe through their lungs / gills.
d. Reptiles are oviparous / viviparous.
e. Most reptiles are herbivores / carnivores.
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REINFORCEMENT
4. Identify the reptile groups.

a

b

c

d

5. Which reptile group is being described?
a. They have a shell to protect their body.
b. They have very short legs, and they crawl.
c. They have long bodies with no limbs, and they slither.
d. They spend a lot of time in water, and they use their large teeth to capture their
prey.
6. True or false? Decide and write T or F.
a. A fish’s body is covered with thin, shiny scales.
b. Fish use their gills to swim.
c. Fish and amphibians are oviparous.
d. Sharks are bony fish.
e. Amphibians stay in or near water to keep their skin dry.
f. Amphibians without tails have a long body and four similar limbs.
g. Amphibians without tails have long, strong back legs and a long tongue
they use to catch their prey.
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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5 Nutrition

REINFORCEMENT

1. Answer the questions.
a. What are nutrients?

b. What are the two types of carbohydrates? What do they give us?

c. Why do we need proteins?
d. How does fibre help us?
e. What is chyme?
2. Use these words to label the excretory system.
bladder

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kidneys

renal artery

renal vein

ureters

urethra

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
3. Match the columns. Then answer the question.
a. We breathe

1. and passes through the pharynx.

b. Air enters through the nose

2. and into each lung.

c. From the pharynx, the air

3. the bronchi divide into bronchioles.

d. Next, it goes to the bronchi

4. are the alveoli.

e. In the lungs,

5. to obtain oxygen from the air.

f. At the end of the bronchioles,

6. goes to the larynx and the trachea.

• What happens in the alveoli?

4. Use these words to complete the sentences.
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
blood vessels
arteries

capillaries
veins

circulation
a.

is the movement of blood through the circulatory system.

b.

are tubes which transport blood.

c.

are the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.

d.

are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.

e.

are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins.

f.

is the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs.

g.

is the movement of blood to the rest of the body.
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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6 Matter

REINFORCEMENT

1. Match the columns.
a. Everything in the universe

1. tiny particles called atoms.

b. Matter is made up of

2. is made of matter.

c. An element is matter which

3. like mass and volume.

d. Mixtures are made up of

4. consists of only one type of atom.

e. A compound is matter which

5. several pure substances.

f. Pure substances are made
up of

6. a single type of element or
compound.

g. All matter has general
properties

7. consists of more than one kind
of atom.

2. Name examples of types of matter.
a. Two examples of pure substances:
b. One example of a mixture:

3. Answer the questions.
a. What is mass?
b. What is volume?
c. What is density?
d. How do we calculate density?

e. What is the density of water?

f. What is the density of iron?

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ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
4. Complete the sentences about changes in matter.
Contraction Combustion Expansion Fragmentation Oxidation Putrefaction
a.

: one substance changes into another when it reacts with oxygen.

b.

: the object is divided into small pieces.

c.

: this occurs when a living thing decomposes.

d.

: when the temperature of an object increases, it gets bigger.

e.

: when the temperature of an object decreases, it gets smaller.

f.

: when an object or a substance is burned, it changes into
another substance.

5. Tick (✓) the properties of each state of matter.
Fixed volume

No fixed volume

Fixed shape

No fixed shape

solids
liquids
gases

6. Identify these changes in state.
Then write the word.

2

1

3

4

a. A solid changes into a gas:
b. A solid changes into a liquid:
c. A gas changes into a liquid:
d. A liquid changes into a gas:
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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7 The atmosphere

REINFORCEMENT

1. Tick (✓) the true sentences.
a. The atmosphere is the wind which surrounds the Earth.

b. Air is mainly made up of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
c. Ozone filters harmful ultraviolet rays.
d. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
e. Plants and animals live in the troposphere.
f. The stratosphere is the next layer.
g. The thin layer of ozone in the upper statosphere is called outer space.
2. Complete
the paragraph
on the water
cycle.

The water cycle is the constant

of water

between the sea, the

and land.

1. Liquid water in the sea
the

because of heat from
. It becomes

2. Water vapour rises and
form

.
into drops of water which

.

3. Water falls from the clouds as

.

4. This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and lakes and some returns
to the
5. The
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.
starts again.
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
3. Match the columns.
a. Waves

1. are the rise and fall of the sea level.

b. Tides

2. are the movement of large masses of ocean water.

c. Ocean currents

3. are the rise and fall of the water’s surface.

• What causes tides?
4. Answer the questions.
a. What is magma?
b. What is lava?
c. What do you see in these photographs?

5. Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or erosion in your area
or on the Internet. Describe what you see.

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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8 The landscape

REINFORCEMENT

1. Circle the correct option.
a. All the features of the Earth’s surface make up the geosphere / landscape.
b. Hills have a lower / higher altitude than mountains.

c. Several mountains grouped together are called a mountain range / chain.
d. A plateau is a plain at a low / high altitude.
2. Find 10 words in the wordsearch. Then complete the sentences.

B
F
P
G
X
M
D
J
A

a. The

E
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c. High coasts have rocky

.
is almost completely surrounded by water.

is completely surrounded by water.

f. An

is a group of islands.

h. An

C
O
A
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T
P
X
F
O

.

e. An

g. A

Q
D
D
F
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G

B
F
G

is the place where the land meets the sea.

b. Low-lying coasts have sandy

d. A

E
E
S
T
U
A
R
Y
P

is wet land near the mouth of a river.
is the part of a river which opens into the sea.

i. A

is land which extends into the sea.

j. A

is a place where the sea extends into the land.

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ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
3. Label these places on the map.
• Central Plateau

• Pyrenees

• Gualdalquivir depression

• Atlantic coast

• Cantabrian coast

• Mediterranean coast

• Ebro depression

• Canary Islands

• Balearic Islands

• Betic Chain

N
E

W
S

• Indicate where you live on the map.
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Which coast is nearest to your home?
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9 Rivers

REINFORCEMENT

1. Match the columns.
a. A river is

1. artificial lakes.

b. The course is

2. a body of moving water.

c. The flow is

3. the route a river takes.

d. Reservoirs are

4. areas where all the rivers flow into the same sea.

e. Watersheds are

5. the amount of water a river carries.

2. Label the watersheds and the rivers.

• Describe the rivers in each watershed.

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ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
3. Label the illustration.
polar zone
polar zone
temperate zone
temperate zone
Equator
tropical zone

4. Complete the table on climate in Spain.
Climate
Atlantic

Location

Rainfall

Temperatures
mild

Continental
Mediterranean
Subtropical

5. Answer the questions.
a. What is flora?
b. What is fauna?
c. Investigate one of the National Parks in Europe and write about the climate, the
flora and the fauna there.

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10 Population

REINFORCEMENT

1. Complete the sentences.
a. The population of an area is

.

b. A census measures the size of

.

c. Population can be classified by

.

d. Population density is measured by
2. Classify these causes for migration. Add one more cause to each category:
wars

political problems

droughts

earthquakes

floods religious problems

Natural causes

Social factors

• Are you an immigrant? Do you know any immigrants?
Why did you / they come?
3. Answer the questions.
a. Why did many emigrants leave Europe in the past?

b. Where did they go?

c. Why do many immigrants come to Europe today?

d. Where do they come from?

e. Why do some young European adults emigrate?

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REINFORCEMENT
4. Write about population density in Spain.
The population is not evenly distributed.

• Describe the population density where you live.

Population density
More than 1,000,000
inhabitants
Between 500,000 and
1,000,000 inhabitants
Less than 500,000
inhabitants

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11 The economy

REINFORCEMENT

1. Match the columns.
a. The active population
includes

1. people who work but receive no
money.

b. The primary sector includes

2. is also called the tertiary sector.

c. In the secondary sector

3. fishing and forestry.

d. The service sector

4. natural resources are transformed.

e. Schools and tourism are

5. in the service sector.

f. The inactive population
includes

6. unemployed people who are

looking for work.

2. Classify these means of transport.
a

b

c

d

e

f

Private transport

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Public transport

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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REINFORCEMENT
3. Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them.

Primary sector

F
B
A
N
K
S
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R
H

B
E
G
B
D
F
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Secondary sector industries

Service sector

4. Answer the questions.
a. What percentage of the Spanish active population works in each sector?
primary:

seconday:

service:

b. Which sector is most important where you live?
c. What kind of work do most of the people do?

5. Write about one of these two kinds of tourism.

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