top sciencie 5 santi

Top Science 5 PRIMARY
TEACHER’S
RESOURCE BOOK

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Introduction
Top Science 5 Teacher’s Resource Book provides a range of materials
designed to complement the Student’s Book and the Teacher’s Book.
These materials contribute to the flexible nature of Top Science: students
in the same class can be given worksheets at different levels, or weaker
students can complete the tasks with stronger peers. Teachers with more
contact hours can make use of these photocopiable materials
as and when they need them.
There are three categories of worksheets: reinforcement, extension,
and assessment. Use them for revision purposes, for extension
practice, as progress tests, assessment, or for homework.
The worksheets can be photocopied and filed in a folder.

Reinforcement and extension worksheets
There are forty-two reinforcement worksheets. These materials
constitute a flexible tool: they can be worked on after the relevant
section in the Student’s Book, before the Activities sections, or as extra
preparation for the unit assessment. The answer keys are provided.
There are fifteen double-page extension worksheets, one for each unit
of the Student’s Book. These worksheets can be used for fast
finishers or to extend class work. Depending on their level, students
can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Student’s

Book or other sources. The answer keys are provided.

12

The Earth’s crust

5

ReinfoRcement

Name

Date

Name

The Earth’s crust is made up of rocks. Over time, these rocks wear down and break apart.
Soil is made up of the remains of rocks and of living things.

Date

These groups of stars are constellations. And of
all the constellations, there is one that is easily
recognised by everyone: the Big Dipper, also known
as Ursa Major or the Big Bear.

The Earth’s crust is continually changing because of erosion, transport and deposition,
and sedimentation.

The Big Dipper is located in the northern

hemisphere. It is made up of seven stars. Three
of these stars seem to form the handle and four
appear to form the bowl of a dipper, another name
for a ladle or scoop.

Match.

The rock breaks apart.

Water enters cracks in the rock
and freezes.

EXTENSION

Scorpions and dragons, princesses and hunters,
chariots and arrows... If you look up at the sky on
a clear night, from a place without pollution, you
will see hundreds of stars that form outlines of
interesting shapes.

Remember

1

Star gazing

URSA MINOR

URSA MAJOR

The star at the end of the handle of the Little
Dipper is the North Star, also known as Polaris or
the Pole Star. Another way to find the North Star is
to draw a line through the last two stars of the bowl
of the Big Dipper. This line will point to the North
Star.

When water freezes,
it expands.

◾ Now, explain how water causes rocks to break down.

Close by is the constellation of Cepheus, which represents the legendary king of Ethiopia, Cefeo.
Beyond Cepheus you can see Cassiopeia, which will look like an M or W, depending on the season.
Winter is the best time of year to see the constellations Orion, the hunter, and Canis Major, the dog
which followed Orion.
In total, there are 88 constellations.

2

1

Number these processes in the correct order.
Wind carries the eroded material.

Wind and water erode a mountain.

Read and answer.
What is a constellation?

The material settles at the foot of another mountain.

3

Write an example for each case.

What constellation does the Pole Star belong to? In what hemisphere is it?

Rivers and streams

Wind

Seawater

Erosion
Transport

What constellation has the shape of a hunter and his dog?

Sedimentation

20

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Diagnostic tests
There are six double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed
at the start of the school year to give an indication of the student’s
basic level of Science and English. The answer keys are provided.
6

History

Name
1

6

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Date

5

Number in order from the oldest to the most recent.

6

Complete the chart.

Look at the picture. Circle five errors.
◾ Why are they errors?

2

Match.
Millenium

10 years

Decade

      

1,000 years

      

      
      

Century

100 years

Many thousands
of years ago

◾ Write the century.
69

1115

1789

203

1456

1894

2,000 years ago

1,000 years ago

People lived in…
People travelled in/on…
Historical remains:

3

4

What is a timeline?

7

Look at the picture. What period in history does it represent? Explain.

8

Write one example for each.

Make your own timeline.
20

I was born…

An important monument in your Autonomous Community or City:

A famous historic person from your Autonomous Community or City:

102

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Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.

Individual results chart
The individual results chart indicates areas in which a student has
achieved acceptable competence and highlights areas which require
additional practice.

Individual results chart

IndIvIduAL RESuLTS CHART

name

date
Yes

NP*

Yes

Comments

The human body and health

Matter, energy and machines

Identify the function of bones, muscles
and joints.

describe the properties of mass, matter
and volume.

understand a diagram of the human body.

Identify examples of physical and
chemical changes.

Identify the organs of the digestive,
respiratory and circulatory systems.
Explain how the brain allows us to see.
Recognise the components of the
digestive system.

Identify healthy habits.
Recognise what makes up a healthy diet
Identify the four main stages of life

Living things
Identify and describe life processes.

Identify types of energy sources.
differentiate renewable from
non-renewable sources of energy.
describe white light and know the primary
colours of light.
differentiate between simple and
compound machines.

Population, economy and maps

understand how plants make food.

differentiate between municipalities,
comarcas, etc.

name the main characteristics of
vertebrates
Recognise molluscs, arthropods, jellyfish
and earthworms.

differentiate natural growth from
migratory growth.
Recognise the responsibilities of political

organisations.

Identify the parts of an insect.

distinguish between the three main
economic sectors.

Protecting the environment

Know how to use the points of a compass
to find directions.

describe the Earth’s orbit and name the
four phases of the Moon.

Interpret scales on maps.

Identify the processes involved in the
changes of state of water.
describe the water cycle.
Identify rocks and minerals.
describe the components of soil.

Comments

Recognise the physical properties of
some materials.

Identify the parts of a flower.

differentiate invertebrates from
vertebrates.

NP*

Time and space
Relate historic remains to different
periods in history.
Relate people and inventions to their time
in history.

Identify producers and consumers.
Identify features of landscapes.

104

NP: needs practice.

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Assessment worksheets
There is a double-page unit assessment worksheet and one multiplechoice test for each unit. In addition, there are three double-page
term assessments and three term tests. There is one double-page
final assessment and a three-page final test.
1

Living things

Name
1

1

ASSESSmEnt
6

Date

Match.
tissue

Answer the questions.

a group of similar cells

organism

a group of similar tissues

system

a group of similar organs

What is a cell?

organ

Why do we call cells living things?

7
2

a group of various systems

Why are bacteria called microbes? Write two examples for each.

Label the parts of a cell.
Helpful bacteria:
Harmful bacteria:

8

3

How are plant cells different from animal cells? Explain.

4

Answer the questions.

Write the name of the kingdom.

They depend on other organisms for food. They are fixed to something; they cannot move by themselves.

They eat other living things and can move from one place to another.

Where are unicellular living things found?
They use sunlight and substances from the soil and air to make their own food.
How can we see unicellular living things?

5

The smallest and most abundant of all living things.

Write in order from the simplest to the most complex.
system

   

organ

cell

   

9

   

organism

   

tissue

Answer the questions.
Why are viruses not included in any of the five kingdoms?

What kingdom do algae belong to?

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Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.

Term assessment worksheets
Activities include labelling illustrations and diagrams, filling in the blanks,
matching, True/False, wordsearches, and many more activities.

1

1

TERM ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

6

Write the name of a living thing for each example.
Producer

1

Primary consumer

What animal kingdom does each living thing belong to?

Secondary consumer

They do not make their own food. They cannot move by themselves.
They depend on other organisms for food. They can move by themselves.

7

They are unicellular. They can live inside other living things.

2

Write the name of the Earth’s layers.
The outer layer of the Earth. It is solid and made up of rocks.
The layer of the atmosphere which is essential to life on Earth.

Match.

All the water on Earth, which can be solid, liquid or gas.
A group of similar cells

     

A group of various systems
A group of similar organs

     

A group of similar tissues

3

Complete the diagram.

     

     

an organ
a tissue

8

Complete the chart.
Types of rock

an organism

How it is formed

Examples

a system

Plants

Flowering plants

9

Complete the sentences.
The
A

4

What do plants need to carry out photosynthesis? What do plants give off during photosynthesis?

The

is the closest star to the Earth.
is a group of stars that seems to form a pattern in the sky.
are large, sphere-shaped bodies which travel around the Sun in an orbit.
are giant balls of ice which orbit the Sun in a long, elliptical path.

Our

5

is called the Milky Way.

10 Write the names of the planets.

Define the words.
Ecosystem

Inner planets

Parasite
Biosphere

Outer planets

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Unit test worksheets

All the unit tests have ten multiple-choice questions. These worksheets
test the basic concepts of the unit. These can be completed after the
unit assesment worksheets, or used as quick revision activities.

The Earth

TEST 4

Name

Date

Circle the correct option.
1. Theinnerlayerofthegeosphereis
a. the crust.

7. Inavolcano,magmagoesupthrougha
ventcalled
a. the magma chamber.

b. the mantle.

b. the volcanic cone.

c. the core.
2. Theremovalofsoilandrockmaterialby
water,windoriceis
a. erosion.

c. the volcanic chimney.

8. Theremainsoflivingthingsfoundin
sedimentaryrocksare
a. fossils.

b. transport.

b. coal.

c. sedimentation.
3. TheenergyintheinterioroftheEarth
produces
a. transport and sedimentation of rock
material.
b. the rock cycle.

c. petroleum.
9. Theozonelayerisfoundin
a. the troposphere.
b. the stratosphere.
c. the geosphere.

c. earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
4. Basaltisanigneousrockformedby

10. Sandsettlingonthebottomofoceans
isanexampleof

a. the atmosphere.

a. erosion.

b. volcanoes.

b. transport.

c. wind erosion.

c. sedimentation.

5. ThelayerclosesttotheEarth’ssurfaceis
a. the hydrosphere.
b. the stratosphere.
c. the troposphere.
6. Thethreecomponentsofsoilare
a. solid, liquid and gas.
b. erosion, transport and deposition.
c. igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic.

Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.

143

Other resources
Top Science 5 Activity Book

PRIMARY

STUDENT’S MATERIAL

Student’s Book

Activity Book

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

9 788468 00195 1

ISBN 978-84-680-0195-1

At the end of the Activity Book,
5
thereTop
areScience
two Let’s
do it! and two
Read and do! pages per term.
In addition, there are instructions
for students to play a Scientists
of the year quiz.
Activity Book

Activity Book

The Activity Book is designed to provide further practice for both the
content and the language objectives of the course. It contains full-colour
illustrations and diagrams, and a range of graded activities to reinforce
the course content and to encourage learner autonomy. There are three

or four double pages per unit.

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

Teacher’s Resource Book

Teacher’s Book

TEACHER’S MATERIAL

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

Class Audio CD

Teacher’s Resource Book

Teacher’s Book

DIGITAL MATERIAL

ALSO AVAILABLE
• Digital Flashcards, Posters
and Web bank
• Teacher’s Resources
and Maps

• Science Posters
• Science Tasks Booklet

• Language Companion CD-ROM

• i-book
• Interactive Whiteboard
Activities

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Top Science i-solutions has these components:
CD 1

• Digital flashcards
• Digital posters
• Web bank

CD 2

• Teacher’s Resources and Maps

CD 3

• i-book

CD 4

• Interactive Whiteboard Activities

Minimum requirements and instructions:
See readme·txt file in each CD.

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

5
PRIMARY

Top Science 5 offers 4 CDs designed to bring digital
resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials
for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,
hands-on experiments and computer work for students.
Top Science i-solutions is a box set containing four
CDs which offer digital components for the CLIL
Science classroom.

i-solutions

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

T o p Scien ce i-s o lutio n s

i-solutions

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Digital resources

CD 1
Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank

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• The digital posters can be printed when required.

CD 2

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CD 2

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

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Teacher’s Resource Book and Maps

• Teacher’s Resources
and Maps

©2

011

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mond
Pub

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,
ación

S.L.

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CD 2

CD 3

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CD 3
i-book
The i-book provides the core course material of the
Teacher’s Book and the Student’s Book in interactive
format. It can be used in the classroom or for class
planning.

ichm
on

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CD 2
This CD contains the digital version of the Teacher’s
Resource Book in PDF format. The worksheets can be
printed for individual use, or projected onto an interactive
whiteboard for group activities. In addition, this CD
provides blank and completed physical and political maps
of the world, Europe and Spain.

• Digital Flashcards

• Digital Posters
• Web Bank

©2
011
R

CD 2

• The Web bank includes some of the best, free web
links for teaching Science, Geography and History.
These links provide access to valuable resources
to help with lesson planning as well as ways to
personalise classes and cater to students’ need.

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

8 431300 129 474

CD 1

• The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be
projected onto an interactive whiteboard or printed and
used as conventional flashcards. Each image offers the
option of listening to the audio and viewing the written
word.

• i-book

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CD 4

CD 4
Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Activities

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There are five interactive activities per unit on this CD.
These can be used to help reinforce the main concepts
of each unit in a different and fun way.

Top Science 5 PRIMARY

• IWB Activities

©2

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Contents
Worksheets
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Unit assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Term assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Term tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Final assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Final test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Answer keys
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS

Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

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Reinforcement worksheets
  1  Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

22  Movement and speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

  2  Tissues, organs, systems and organisms . . . . 10 

23  Gravity and movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

  3  Bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa . . . . . . . . 11

24  The Inner Plateau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

  4  Plant classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

25  Mountains and river basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

  5  Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

26  The Spanish coasts and islands . . . . . . . . . . 34

  6  Sexual reproduction in plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

27  The climates of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

  7  Asexual reproduction in plants . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

28  The Mediterranean climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

  8  Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

29  Oceanic, subtropical and mountain climates . . 37

  9  Nutrition in ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

30  Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

10  Protecting the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

31  The watersheds of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

11  The Earth’s layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

32  The population of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

12  The Earth’s crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

33  Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

13  Rocks on the Earth’s crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

34  The territorial organisation of Spain . . . . . . . . 42

14  Volcanoes and earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

35  The political institutions of Spain . . . . . . . . . . 43

15  The Solar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

36  Prehistory: the Palaeolithic Age . . . . . . . . . . . 44

16  The Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

37  The Neolithic Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

17  Space exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

38  The Metal Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

18  Matter and its properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

39  The Iberians, Celts and the first colonists . . . . 47

19  Pure substances and mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

40  Roman Hispania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

20  Chemical changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

41  The beginning of the Middle Ages . . . . . . . . . . 49

21  Changes of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

42  Life in the Christian Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

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1

Cells

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are like tiny sacks full of liquid. They have three main parts: the membrane, the nucleus
and the cytoplasm.

Cells are living things. They carry out the life processes of nutrition, reproduction and
sensitivity.

1

Label the parts of the cell.

2

Read the definitions and write the part of the cell.
This part controls the function of the cell: 
This part contains lots of organelles that carry out different functions: 
This part surrounds the cell and separates it from the outside: 

3

Write animal cell or plant cell. Then, complete the sentences.

 

 

Animal and plant cells are different. Animal cells can be 

Plant cells are 


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2

Tissues, organs, systems
and organisms

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
Multicellular living things are made up of many different types of cells.
Similar cells that carry out a common function are grouped together to form a tissue.
Tissues are organised to form organs. Organs are made up of a group of tissues
that work together to carry out a common function.
Organs form systems which work together to carry out a common function.
When all the systems work together, they form an organism, which is a complete
living thing.

1

Write in order from the least complex to the most complex.
system

2

3

cell

   

   

1.  

2.  

4.  

5.  

organism

   

organ

   

tissue

3.  

Write two examples for each.
Tissues

             

           

Organs

             

           

Systems

             

           

What is an organism?




4

Complete the sentences.
           

are multicellular living things that eat other living things.

           

are multicellular living things that make their own food.

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3

Bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa

Name

Reinforcement

Date

Remember
Fungi can be unicellular, but most are multicellular. They cannot move by themselves.
They do not make their own food. Like animals, they depend on other organisms for food.
Bacteria are unicellular. They are the smallest living things.
Algae and protozoa belong to the fifth kingdom of living things. They can be unicellular
or multicellular.

1

2

Write the names of the five kingdoms of living things.
1.  

2.  

4.  

5.  

3.  

Answer the questions.
How can some bacteria be helpful?

Why are fungi fixed to other things?


3

Complete the sentences.
protozoa

 

 

          

unicellular

   

bacteria

 

 

multicellular

   

microbes

are a kingdom of living things. They are called           

because

they can only be seen through a microscope. They are            .
Algae and           

belong to the fifth kingdom of living things.

They can be unicellular or            .

4

Write T (true) or F (false).
  All fungi produce mushrooms.

  Algae belong to the fungi kingdom.

  All bacteria are multicellular.

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4

Plant classification

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
Plants can be classified into two main groups: non-flowering and flowering.
Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers, seeds or fruit. They reproduce with spores. There
are two main groups of non-flowering plants: mosses and ferns.
Flowering plants produce flowers and seeds in order to reproduce. There are two main groups:
gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms do not produce fruit. The seeds are grouped
together in cones. Angiosperms produce fruit with seeds inside.

1

Complete the chart.
non-flowering plants
Plants can be
classified as

2

Write angiosperm or gymnosperm.
A

3

B

C

D

Complete the sentences.
non-flowering

   

          

leaves

   

mosses

and           

plants.           

   

spores

   

plants

   

ferns

are the two main groups of           

are special cells that germinate and grow into new

           . Mosses absorb water through their stems and            .

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5

Photosynthesis

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
Photosynthesis is a complex chemical process. It enables plants to manufacture food from
water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide and sunlight.
Chlorophyll is a green substance which traps sunlight. It is found in special organelles called
chloroplasts inside plant cells.
Plants release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.

1

Label the parts of a plant.
stomata

sunlight

root hairs

carbon dioxide

xylem vessels

2

Answer the questions.
What time of day does the process of photosynthesis take place? 
How do mineral salts enter plants? 

What is chlorophyll? 



3

Match.
phloem vessels
xylem vessels

      
      

raw sap
elaborated sap

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Sexual reproduction in plants

Name

Reinforcement

Date

Remember
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. They have male parts and female parts.
Stamens are the male parts of the flower. Pollen is produced in the anther. The pistil is the
female part. It contains the ovary, which contains ovules. Ovules become seeds.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the ovary within the same plant or
between plants of the same type. After pollination, seeds and fruit begin to grow.

1

Label the parts of the flower.

2

Write T (true) or F (false). Then, write the correct sentences.
  Plants that use wind pollination produce very small quantities of pollen.

  The stamen and pistil are protected by the corolla and the calyx.

  Plants that use insect pollination have small, unattractive flowers.


3

Explain how each plant carries out reproduction.






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Asexual reproduction in plants

Name

Reinforcement

Date

Remember
Many plants can reproduce without flowers or seeds. This is called asexual reproduction. These
plants use parts of themselves to reproduce.

Tubers are subterranean stems. Part of the stem grows above the ground and develops
leaves. Part grows underground and develops roots.
Rhizomes are specialised stems. They extend horizontally below the ground.
Stolons are specialised stems which extend horizontally above the ground from the mother plant.

1

Match and explain how the stems grow.
Stolon

1



Rhizome

2



Tuber

3




2

Answer the questions.

How does a cutting produce a new plant? 

How does grafting produce a new plant? 


3

What types of asexual reproduction in plants are useful in agriculture?



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Ecosystems

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
An ecosystem is made up of a community of living things in a physical environment.
Living things in an ecosystem interact with each other and with their environment.
The environment determines the types of living things found in an ecosystem. In turn, living
things can modify their environment.

1

Complete the sentences.
An ecosystem is made up of a           

and a community of            .

Living things in an ecosystem interact with each other and with their            .
Living things can           

2

their environment.

Look at the picture and answer the questions.
What elements make up this ecosystem?



What living things inhabit this ecosystem?




Could a giraffe live in this ecosystem? Explain. 


How do living things modify this environment? 



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Nutrition in ecosystems

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
In ecosystems, living things eat other living things.
–  Plants are producers. They make their own food.
– Consumers are living things that eat other living things. There are three types
of consumers: primary, secondary and tertiary.
Food chains and food webs show how plants and animals in an ecosystem are connected
to one another by their food relationships.

1

Number the living things in this food chain in order.

◾ Now, write producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer.

2

3

Write two examples for each type of consumer.
Primary consumer

            

          

Secondary consumer

            

          

Tertiary consumer

            

          

Complete the sentences.
species

   

Many different           
and one           
food           

webs

   

food

          

   

can exist in an ecosystem,

can appear in various food chains. That’s why

are the best way to show food relationships in ecosystems.

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chains

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10

Protecting the environment

Name

Reinforcement

Date

Remember
Our environment consists of everything that affects our lives: atmosphere, water, soil, climate
and other living things.

Human activity has a negative affect on the environment and the world’s ecosystems.
Environmental problems caused by people include global warming, pollution, deforestation
and loss of biodiversity.

1

2

Write six factors that make up our environment.
1.  

4.  

2. 

5.  

3. 

5.  

Write a sentence about environmental problems using each pair of words.
farmland – deforestation

hunting – loss of biodiversity


3

What human activities in the picture modify the environment?






4

Explain why the loss of an animal or plant species in an ecosystem is a serious problem.



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11

The Earth’s layers

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
The Earth is made up of a series of layers.
The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth.
It has three concentric layers: the crust, the mantle and the core.
The hydrosphere is all the water on Earth. This water can be solid, liquid or gas.
The atmosphere is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth.
It is divided into layers. The troposphere is the layer closest to the Earth’s surface. The
stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere.

1

Complete the chart.
core

   

atmosphere
crust

   

   

mantle

   

troposphere

   

geosphere

3

hydrosphere

stratosphere

Z
]
]
]
[
]
]
]
\

Z
]
]
[
]
]
\

2

   

Which layer of the Earth does each thing belong to?
The water in a river.

 

The rocks in a mountain.

 

The air we breathe.

 

What part of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? How does ozone protect the Earth?



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The Earth’s crust

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
The Earth’s crust is made up of rocks. Over time, these rocks wear down and break apart.
Soil is made up of the remains of rocks and of living things.
The Earth’s crust is constantly changing because of erosion, transport and deposition
and sedimentation.

1

Match.
1

2

  The rock breaks apart.


3

  Water enters cracks in
the rock and freezes.

  When water freezes,
it expands.

◾ Now, explain how water causes rocks to break down.





2

Number these processes in the correct order.
  Wind carries the eroded material.

  Wind and water erode a mountain.

  The material settles at the foot of another mountain.

3

Copy the chart and write an example for each case.
Rivers and streams

Wind

Sea water

Erosion
Transport
Sedimentation

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Rocks on the Earth’s crust

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
Rocks can be classified into three types, depending on how they are formed.
Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies.

Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other rocks or pieces of living things. In this
type of rocks, fossils can be found.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat or pressure changes the original rocks.
Metamorphic means ‘change’.

1

Complete the chart.
ROCKS
Igneous rocks

Sedimentary rocks

Metamorphic rocks

are formed when

are formed from

are formed when































for example

for example

for example

basalt

gypsum

marble



2





Write T (true) or F (false).
  Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies.
  Metamorphic means ‘pressure’.
  Fossils are the remains of living things that are transformed into rocks.
  Rocks can change into another type of rock over thousands or millions of years.
  Petroleum is a solid rock.

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Volcanoes and earthquakes

Name

Reinforcement

Date

Remember
There is an enormous amount of energy in the interior of the Earth. This energy can produce
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Earthquakes are strong movements of the Earth’s crust caused by the sudden release of
energy from beneath the surface.
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth’s crust where magma comes to the surface.

1

Complete the sentences.
There is an enormous amount of            in the interior of the Earth.
When it is released, it can cause earthquakes and volcanic           .
          

are strong movements of the Earth’s            . Volcanoes are

openings in the Earth’s           

2

where           

comes to the surface.

Label the parts of a volcano.

◾  Read the definitions and write the words.
Magma rises through this circular opening in the Earth’s crust.

 

A vent which magma goes up through.

 

Magma when it comes to the Earth’s surface.

 

An accumulation of rock fragments and ash around a crater.

 

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The Solar System

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
The Solar System consists of the Sun, the eight planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites,
dwarf planets, asteroids and comets.

1

2

Read the definitions and write the words.
The Sun and all the celestial bodies that surround it.

 

Large, sphere-shaped bodies that orbit the Sun.

 

Small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun.

 

Giant balls of ice that orbit the Sun in a long, elliptical path.

 

Complete the chart.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM

inner planets

3

outer planets

















dwarf planet


Find and circle the two errors. Then, write the correct texts.
Shooting stars are bodies
that are too large to burn up
completely, so they crash into
the Earth.
Meteorites are small celestial
bodies the size of dust
particles. They burn up as they
enter the Earth’s atmosphere.








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The Universe

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
Stars are giant spheres of gas. In their interior, they produce an enormous amount of energy.
This energy gives off light and heat.
A constellation is a group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky.
A galaxy is a collection of thousands or millions of stars. Galaxies also contain rocks and
gases. Our Solar System belongs to a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way.

1

Complete the chart.
THE SUN

Colour



2

Size


Luminosity

Brightness













Complete the sentences.
A            

is a collection of thousands or millions of stars. Galaxies also contain

rocks and gases. They have different shapes:             ,            
or             .

Our Solar System belongs to a spiral galaxy called the 

3

.

Explain the differences between a constellation and a galaxy.







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Space exploration

Reinforcement

Name

Date

Remember
Space exploration began in the 1950s.
These are the most important events:
1957. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1.
1961. Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into outer space.
1969. Neil Armstrong became the first human being to set foot on the Moon.

1

Complete the crossword puzzle.
6

▾

8

▾
1

▸
7

▾
3

2

▸

▸
4

5

▸

▸

1. The spacecraft that landed on the Moon in 1969 (two words).
2. The first artificial satellite, launched into space by the Soviet Union in 1957.
3. The surname of the first human to see the planet Earth from outer space.
4. The unmanned exploration vehicle Spirit landed on this red planet.
5. Artificial satellites are launched into space using…
6. Unmanned spaceships designed to explore the far reaches of the Universe (two words).
7. Space vehicles that can take off and land like aeroplanes. (Space...)
8. The name of the first astronaut to walk on the Moon (two words).

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