021 vowels spellings transcriptions

Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

The English Pure Vowels
A vowel is a “sound in the production of which the air-stream comes out through the mouth (and
nose), centrally over the tongue, and metes a stricture of open approximation” (Finch & Ortíz-Lira,
1982, p. 189).

Characteristics of vowels:
They can stand on their own. Some MONSYLLABIC WORDS illustrate this point: ear, or, out, err,
air, I, owe, etc.
They occur in the nucleus of the syllable, so they are CENTRAL. E.g. peas, ease, pee.
The air escapes freely through the mouth. This means that they are CONTINUANT because the
airflow does not stop. Also, they are FRICTIONLESS because the organs are sufficiently apart so
as not to produce turbulence.
They are normally VOICED because there is vibration of the vocal folds.
They are mainly ORAL because the air escapes through the ORAL cavity. However, they can be
NASALISED when they are in contact with .l+
m+
M.. Block your nostrils with your fingers and

compare the word reader with morning. Which of the two has a continuous nasal resonance?
They are better described AUDITORILY because it is difficult to see what happens inside your
mouth. Also, it takes a lot of practice to be able to manipulate your organs of speech at will!
The articulatory features that make vowels different from each other are: TENSENESS, the shape
of the lips, their relative length and QUALITY. Remember that the last feature is the most
transcendental.

The vowel chart is used as a visual aid for
understanding the quality of the vowel system in a
language. It is based on the cardinal vowel diagram,
devised by Daniel Jones. These cardinal vowels do not

exist in any language in particular; they are abstractions
which serve as a reference point to describe and
compare the vowels in a language, and also across
languages. The vertical axis of the chart indicates the
degree of opening of the jaw and its connection with the
raising or lowering of the tongue. The horizontal axis
shows the part of the tongue that is raised the most and
forms the narrowest stricture in the oral tract.
Vowel chart adapted from Cruttenden (2014)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.H.
KIT – Vowel N°2
Listen to .H.

Trim (1995, p.15)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.H.
.H.
KIT
– Vowel N°2
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Medial
Final

Initial
inn .!Hm.

shrink .!RqHMj.

SPELLINGS
Common
Less
common

BVP <i>
<-ing> ending
<e> plural & past
<e>
<y>
<a>
<o>
<u>
<ui>
<ie>

Exceptions

ill .!Hk.
since
since .!rHmr.
singing .!rHMHM.
s
setting .!rdsHM.
churches .!sR29sRHy.

added
added .!zcHc.
women .!vHlHm.
E
English .!HMfkHR.
myth .!lHS.
rrhythm .!qHCl.
village .!uHkHcY.
certificate
certificate
.r?!sHeHjHs.
women .!vHlHm.
busy .!aHyh.
building .!aHkcHM.
biscuit
biscuit .!aHrjHs.
sieve .!rHu.

Tips:
•
•
•
•
•

Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
This is a checked vowel, this means that it cannot occur in word-final
word final position.
This is similar to the Spanish sound in the incredulous version of “sí, sí” (sometimes spelt “se se”)
se” or

the words “Sixto, mixto”.
Think of Spanish /i/ and drop your jaws a bit more.
This sound can be stressed (e.g. sit
s .!rHs.) or unstressed (e.g. sitting .!rHsHM.). The following weak, and
extremely frequent words, contain this sound: in, is, it, its, it’s, if, this, with, his, him, etc.

Transcribe:
1. Phil is ill.
2. Is this fish English?
3. Will Miss Lynch live in this village?
4. Sit, Mrs. Swiss.
5. Miss Willis Smith is in this film.

Key:
1. .!eHk
Hy
!Hk.
2. .Hy
CHr
!eHR
!HMfkHR.
3. .vHk
!lHr
!kHmsR
{
!kHu
Hm
CHr
!uHkHcY
!kHu

Hm
CHr
!uHkHcY.
4. .!rHs
!lHrHy
!rvHr.
5. .!lHr
!vHkHr
!rlHS
{
Hy
Hm
CHr
!eHkl
!lHr
!vHkHr
!rlHS
{
Hy
Hm
CHr
!eHkl.



Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.h9.
FLEECE – Vowel N°1
Contrast .h9.

with .H.

Trim (1995, p.16)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.h9.
FLEECE
FLEECE – Vowel N°1
Initial

DISTRIBUTION: Full
Medial

Eve .!h9u.

team .!sh9l.

Final

see = C= sea .!rh9.

SPELLINGS
All <ee>
Most <e>

weep .!vh9o.
Pete .!oh9s.
tthese .!Ch9y.

Most <ea>

mean .!lh9m.
feast
feast .!eh9rs.

Common
“the vowel
says its
name”

<i>
<ie>

Less
common

<ei>
<ey>
<eo>

Exceptions

machine .l?!Rh9m.

kilo .!jh9k?T.
piece .!oh9r.
believe
.

believe .aH!kh9u.
receive .qH!rh9u.

conceit .j?m!rh9s.
key .!jh9.
people .!oh9ok.

Tips:
•
•
•

Spellings: silent <-e>,
e>, magic <-y>,
< y>, two vowels together where the first one says its name.
name
This is similar to the Spanish sound in the the words “tía, mía”.
Think of Spanish /i/ and close your jaws a bit more. Smile a bit, this helps!

Transcribe:
1. Phoebe eats cream cheese.
2. Will we greet these people?
3. Feed these three beasts, please!
4. Leave these seats free, Jean.
5. Keep these green leaves clean.

Key:
1. .!eh9ah
!h9sr
!jqh9l

!sRh9y
!eh9ah
!h9sr
!jqh9l
!sRh9y.
2. .vHk
vh
!fqh9s
Ch9y
!oh9ok
vHk
vh
!fqh9s
Ch9y
!oh9ok.
3. .!eh9c
Ch9y
!Sqh9
!ah9rsr
!okh9y
!eh9c
Ch9y
!Sqh9
!ah9rsr
!okh9y.
4. .!kh9u
Ch9y
!rh9sr
!eqh9
!cYh9m

!kh9u
Ch9y
!rh9sr
!eqh9
!cYh9m.
5. .!jh9o
Ch9y
!fqh9m
!kh9uy
!jkh9m
!jh9o
Ch9y
!fqh9m
!kh9uy
!jkh9m.


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.?.
Schwa

– Vowel N°12
Focus on the stressed syllabes and .?.
ocurring
ocurring everywhere else
else

Trim (1995, p.33)

Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.?.
Schwa
Schwa – Vowel N°12
DISTRIBUTION: Full
Medial

Initial
ago .?!f?T.

writers .!q`Hs?y.

Final

teacher .!sh9sR?.

SPELLINGS
Common

Less
common

<a>
<o>
<e>
<er, re>
<i>
<u>

<ar>
<or>
<our>
<ure>
<ou>

again .?!fdm.
can
can .j?m.
professional .oq?!edRmk.
of
of .?u.
achievement .?!sRh9ul?ms.
the
the .C?.
singer .!rHM?
rHM?.
centre
centre .!rdms?.
her
her .g?.
easily .!h9y?kh.
album .!zka?l. but .a?s.
particular .o?!sHji?k?.
actor .!zjs?.
for
for .e?.
neighbour .!mdHa?.
nature .!mdHsR?.
famous .!edHl?r.

Tips:
•
•
•

•

It’s the “Queen of English” because it’s the most frequent vowel by far!
Most unstressed syllables take Schwa.
The following weak words take schwa: am, are, can, had, has, have, does, do (+consonant), must,
shall, was, were, her,
r, us, them, a, an, the (+consonant), and, as, but, than, that, at, for, from, of, to
(+consonant), some, there.
Make sure you cram and lower the volume of those syllables containing Schwa (E.g. “There were
some professors at the conference” .C?
v?
r?l
oq?!edr?y
?s
C?
!jPme?q?mr.

Transcribe:
1. The fisher has visited the teacher.
2. My niece, Melissa, is from the south of England.
3. The old spinsters are eating at the local cinema.
4. Mr. Smithson and Miss Simpson are the winners.
5. An infamous but interesting sinner.

Key:
1. .C?
!eHR?
{
g?y
!uHyHsHc
C?
!sh9sR?
sHc
C?
!sh9sR?.
2. .l`H
!mh9r
{
l?!kHr?
{
Hy
eq?l
C?
!r`TS
?u
!HMfk?mc
l`H
!mh9r
{
l?!kHr?
{
Hy
eq?l
C?

!r`TS
?u
!HMfk?mc.
3. .Ch
!?Tkc
!roHmrs?y
?q
!h9sHM
?s
C?
!k?Tj'?(k
!rHm?l?
Ch
!?Tkc
!roHmrs?y
?q
!h9sHM
?s
C?
!k?Tj'?(k
!rHm?l?.
4. .!lHrs?
!rlHSr'?(m
{
?m
!lHr
!rHlor?m
{
?
C?

!vHm?y
!lHrs?
!rlHSr'?(m
{
?m
!lHr
!rHlor?m
{
?
C?
!vHm?y.
5. .?m
!Hme?l?r
{
a?s
!Hmsq?rsHM
!rHm?.


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.d.
DRESS

– Vowel N°3
Listen to .d.

Trim (1995, p.17)

Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.d.
DRESS
DRESS – Vowel N°3
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial
Medial
Final
L .!dk.

said .!rdc.

SPELLINGS
Common

BVP <e>

Less
common

<ea>
<ie>
<a>
<u>
<ei>

Exceptions

<ai, ay>

<eo>

leg .!kdf.
w
.
when .!vdm.
dead .!cdc.

steady .!rsdch.
friend .!eqdmc.
ate .!ds.
lany
.
any .!ldmh.

any .!dmh
!dmh.
Thames
Thames .!sdly.
bury .!adqh.
Leicester .!kdrs?.
says .!rdy.
said
said /!rdc.

against
against .?!fdmrs.
Geoffrey .!cYdeqh.

Tips:

•
•

Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
Think of Spanish /e// and drop your jaws a bit more. The English /e/ is more open than the Spanish
/e/. It may be found in Spanish words like “perro, ley”.

Transcribe:
1. Wednesday the 10th of September, 2012.
2. Geoffrey Reynolds has buried many dead men.
3. Helen, Melanie and Emily are from Reading.
4. Dreadful weather, isn’t it Rebecca?
5. Why should I represent
ent her at the French embassy?

Key:
1. .!vdmycdH
C?
!sdmS
?u
rdo!sdla?
{
!svdmsh
!svdku
!vdmycdH
C?
!sdmS
?u
rdo!sdla?
{

!svdmsh
!svdku.
2. .!cYdeqh
!qdm'?(kcy
{
g?y
!adqhc
!ldmh
!cdc
!ldm
!cYdeqh
!qdm'?(kcy
{
g?y
!adqhc
!ldmh
!cdc
!ldm.
3. .!gdk?m
{
!ldk?mh
{
?m
!dl
!gdk?m
{
!ldk?mh
{
?m
!dlHkh

{
?
eq?l
!qdcHM.
4. .!cqdcek
!vdC?
{
!Hyms
Hs
q?!adj?
!cqdcek
!vdC?
{
!Hyms
Hs
q?!adj?.
5. .!v`H
R?c
`H
!qdoqH!ydms
'g(?q
?s
C?
!eqdmsR
!dla?rh
!v`H
R?c
`H
!qdoqH!ydms
'g(?q

?s
C?
!eqdmsR
!dla?rh.


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.29.

NURSE – Vowel N°1111
Listen to .29.


Trim (1995, p.31)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.29.
NURSE
NURSE – Vowel N°11
DISTRIBUTION:
IBUTION: Full
Medial

Initial
earth .!29S.

word .!v29c.

Final
stir .!rs29.

SPELLINGS
Common

All stressed, word
final <er, ir, ur>
All <er, ir, ur> +
Consonant
<w> + <or>

Less
common

<our>

her .!g29.
fir
fir,
fir, fur .!e29.
alert .?!k29s.
circle
circle .!r29jk.

curl .!j29k.
word .!v29c.
world
world .!v29kc.

wor
worth
worth
.!v29S.
wor
work
work .!v29j.

worse
worst
worse .!v29r.
wor
worst .!v29rs.
journey .!cY29mh.
courtesy
courtesy .!j29srh.

search .!r29sR.
heard
heard .!g29c.
Colonel .!j29mk.,, milieu .!lh9ki29.,, bleu .!ak29.

<ear>

Exceptions

Tips:
•
•
•

There’ss generally an <r> involved in the spelling.
spelling
This is similar to a long Schwa: e.g. but .a?s. vs. Burt .!a29s..
You should do NOTHING to produce this sound. Botox
Bot effect: don’tt spread your lips, don’t
don round
your lips, don’tt lower your jaw, and don’t raise your jaw! ☺

Transcribe:
1. Colonel Quirk has referred to Ernest Byrne.
2. Does Shirley still work for a Turkish firm?
3. HER word is worthless, sir.
4. Some Germans lived in the worst circumstances.
5. A 1st rate surgeon was murdered in Birmingham.

Key:
1. .!j29m'?(k
!jv29j
'g(?y
qH!e29c
st
!29m?rs
!a29m.
.q?!e29c+
!29mHrs.
.!j29m'?(k
!jv29j
'g(?y
qH!e29c

st
!29m?rs
!a29m.
.q?!e29c+
!29mHrs.
2. .c?y
!R29kh
!rsHk
!v29j
e?q
?
!s29jHR
!e29l.
.!cUy.
.c?y
!R29kh
!rsHk
!v29j
e?q
?
!s29jHR
!e29l.
.!cUy.
3. .!g29
!v29c
Hy
!v29Sk?r
!r29.
.!v29SkHr.

4. .!rUl
!cY29l?my

{
!kHuc
Hm
C?
!v29rs
!r29j?lrs?mrHy.
.!r29j?lrs@9mrHy+
!r29j?lrszmrHy.
!kHuc
Hm
C?
!v29rs
!r29j?lrs?mrHy.
.!r29j?lrs@9mrHy+
!r29j?lrszmrHy.

5. .
?
!e29rs
!qdHs
!r29cY'?(m
v?y
!l29c?c
Hm
!a29lHM?l.
!r29cY'?(m
v?y

!l29c?c
Hm
!a29lHM?l.




Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.z.
Z`\
Z`\
TRAP – Vowel N°4
N°
Listen to .z.

Trim (1995, p.18)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.z.
Z`\
Z`\
TRAP – Vowel N°44
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial
Medial
Final
apple .!zok.

sang .!rzM.

SPELLINGS
Common

BVP <a>

Exceptions

<ai>
<i>
<ei>
<ua>

grab .!!fqza.
add
add .!zc.
plaid .!okzc.
plait
.
plait .!okzs.
timbre .!szla?.
reveille .q?!uzkh.
guarantee
guarantee .$fzq?m!sh9.

Notice!!! Letters <o> & <u>> are never .z..
Tips:
•

•
•

Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
This sound is very clear in American English (think of “The Nanny”).
You need to lower your jaw and spread
spre your lips. Smile! ☺

Transcribe:
1. Thanks! That was really fantastic, Grandad!
2. Daniel Appleby has married Janet Atkinson.
3. The manager is having a massive salmon sandwich.
4. Antony and Gary fancy that activity.
5. That wild animal has attacked a lamb, ma’am.

Key:
1. .!SzMjr
{
Czs
v?y
!qH?kh
ezm!szrsHj
!fqzmczc
!SzMjr
{
Czs
v?y
!qH?kh
ezm!szrsHj
!fqzmczc.

2. .!czmi?k
!zokah
{
g?y
!lzqhc
!czmi?k
!zokah
{
g?y
!lzqhc
!cYzmHs
!zsjHmr?m.
3. .C?
!lzmHcY?q
Hy
!gzuHM
?
!lzrHu
!rzl?m
!rzlvHcY
C?
!lzmHcY?q
Hy
!gzuHM
?
!lzrHu
!rzl?m
!rzlvHcY.
4. .!zms?mh
?m

!fzqh
{
!ezmrh
Czs
zj!sHu?sh
!zms?mh
?m
!fzqh
{
!ezmrh
Czs
zj!sHu?sh.
5. .Czs
!v`Hkc
!zmHlk
{
g?y
?!szjs
?
!kzl
!lzl
mHlk
{
g?y
?!szjs
?
!kzl
!lzl.

Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.U.

STRUT – Vowel N°10
Contrast .z.
with .U.

Trim (1995, p.21)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.U.
STRUT
STRUT – Vowel N°10
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial
Medial
Final
front .!eqUms.

under.!Umc?.
under

SPELLINGS
Common
Less
common

BVP <u>

up .!Uo.
fun
fun .!eUm.

<o>

oven .!Uum.
worry
.
worry .!vUqh.
southern .!rUCm.
country .!jUmsqh.
tough .!sUe.
enough
enough .?!mUe.
blood .!akUc.
flood
flood .!ekUc.
does .!cUy.

doesn’t .!cUyms.

<ou>
<ou> + <gh>
<oo>

Exceptions

<oe>

Notice!!! Letter <a> is never .UU..
Tips:
•
•
•

Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
It may be spelt with <o> or <u> but never <a>.
You need to look “miserable” when you produce this sound, as you need to lower your jaw and
avoid smiling.

Transcribe:
1. Are the buns in the oven, Duncan?
2. Cousin Humphrey has just rung up the company.
3. They may come to London for lunch this Monday.
4. Southern Russia has been flooded.
5. Justin and Dustin are in front of the judges.

Key:
1. .?
C?
!aUmy
Hm
Ch
!Uu'?(m
!cUMj?m.
.!@9
C?

!aUmy
Hm
Ch
!Uu'?(m
!cUMj?m.

.?
C?
!aUmy
Hm
Ch
!Uu'?(m
!cUMj?m.
.!@9
C?
!aUmy
Hm
Ch
!Uu'?(m
!cUMj?m.
2. .!jUy'H(m
!gUl'o(eqh
'g(?y
cY?r's(
!qUM
!Uo
C?
!jUlo'?(mh.

.!jUy'?(m+

!cYUr's(.
.!jUy'H(m
!gUl'o(eqh
'g(?y
cY?r's(
!qUM
!Uo
C?
!jUlo'?(mh.

.!jUy'?(m+
!cYUr's(.
3. .CdH
ldH
!jUl
s?
!kUmc?m
e?
!kUmsR
CHr
!lUmcdH.
4. .!rUC'?(m
!qUR?
'g(?y
aHm
!ekUcHc.
.ah9m.
5. .!cYUrsHm
?m
!cUrsHm

?q
Hm
!eqUms
?u
C?
!cYUcYHy.
.!cYUrsHm
?m
!cUrsHm
?q
Hm
!eqUms
?u
C?
!cYUcYHy.







Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.@9.
@9.
BATH – Vowel N°5
Contrast .@9.
with .U.

Trim (1995, p.23)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.@9.

BATH – Vowel N°5
DISTRIBUTION: Full
Medial

Initial
art .!@9s.

bath .!a@9S.

Final
spa .!ro@9.

SPELLINGS

Common

Most <ar>

hard .!g@9c.
bar
bar .!a@9.

Some <a> + nasal

+ consonant
Some <a> +
voiceless fricative
<ear>

answer .!@9mr?.

chance .!sR@9mr.

<er>

Less
common

<au>
<al>
<oir>

Exceptions

<oire>

past .!o@9rs.
after
after .!@9es?.
heart .!g@9s.
hearth
hearth .!g@9S.
Derby .!c@9ah.

clerk .!jk@9j.
Derby
sergeant .!r@9cY?ms.
laugh .!k@9e.
aunt
aunt .!@9ms.
calm .!j@9l.
half
half .!g@9e.
reservoir
reservoir .!qdy?uv@9.

memoir .!ldlv@9.
repertoire .!qdo?sv@9.

Tips:
•
•

Note that some BATH words take .@9.
in British English and .z. in American English
Engl (e.g. class,
grass, pass, answer, laugh,, etc.).
etc.) (See BATH WORDS overleaf.)
This vowel is produced at the back of your oral cavity and you need to lower your jaws a lot.
lot This
is similar to the sound you produce when you yawn.

Transcribe:
1.

Are the Parkers from Argentina?

2.

Charles and Charlotte aren’t in France now.

3.

Martin Grant can’t pass his drama class, Francis.

4.

Our aunt married a bank clerk from Derby.

5.

The dance can start after half past one.

Key:
1. .!@9
C?
!o@9j?y
eq?l
!@9cY?m!sh9m?
!@9
C?
!o@9j?y
eq?l
!@9cY?m!sh9m?.

2. .!sR@9ky
?m
!R@9k?s
{
!@9ms
Hm
!eq@9mr
!m`T
!sR@9ky
?m
!R@9k?s
{
!@9ms
Hm
!eq@9mr
!m`T.
3. .!l@9sHm
!fq@9ms
{
!j@9ms
!o@9r
'g(Hy
!cq@9l?
!jk@9r
!eq@9mrHr
!fq@9ms
{
!j@9ms
!o@9r
'g(Hy

!cq@9l?
!jk@9r
!eq@9mrHr.
4. .@9q
!@9ms
{
!lzqhc
?
!azMj
!jk@9j
{
eq?l
!c@9ah
@9q
!@9ms
{
!lzqhc
?
!azMj
!jk@9j
{
eq?l
!c@9ah.
5. .C?
!c@9mr
j?m
!rs@9s
{
!@9es?
!g@9e

!o@9rs
!vUm
C?
!c@9mr
j?m
!rs@9s
{
!@9es?
!g@9e
!o@9rs
!vUm.


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

BATH words

Collins, B. & Mees, I. (2013) Practical phonetics and phonology.
phonology Oxon: Routledge. Page 105.


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.P.
P.
LOT – Vowel N°6
Contrast .@9.
with .P.

Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

Trim (1995, p.26)

.P..
LOT – Vowel N°6
Initial

DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Medial

off .!Pe.

Final

God .!fPc..

SPELLINGS
Common
Less
common

BVP <o>

boss .!aPr.
snog
snog .!rmPf.

All <-ock>

sock .!rPj.
clock
clock .!jkPj.
wallet .!vPkHs.
quality .!jvPk?sh.
quantity .!jvPms?sh.
what
what .!vPs.
because .aH!jPy. laurel .!kPq?k.
sausage .!rPrHcY.
cauliflower .!jPkHek`T?.
bureaucracy .aiT?!qPjq?rh.
cough .!jPe.
knowledge
knowledge .!mPkHcY.

Gloucester .!fkPrs?.

Gloucester
quarrel .!jvPq?k.
ya
yach
yacht
cht .!iPs.

<a> after qu>

<au>

Exceptions
<ow, ou>
<a>

Tips:
•
•
•

Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
This is similar to the Spanish sound in “Hola” when people try out a microphone in a sound test.
test
Think of Spanish /o// and drop
dro your jaws a bit more.

Transcribe:
1. The fashion
on model lost her horror novel in Florence.
2. What a common officer Thomas was!
3. Those socks have cost me five dollars.
4. Nonsense! This is not a monotonous song, Oliver.
5. The Austins got us a horrible orange coffee pot.

Key:
1. .C?
!ezR'?(m
!lPc'?(k
!kPrs
'g(?
!gPq?

!mPu'?(k
Hm
!ekPq?mr.
2. .!vPs
?
!jPl?m
!PeHr?
!sPl?r
!vPy.
.!vPs
?
!jPl?m
!PeHr?
!sPl?r
!vPy.
3. .C?Ty
!rPjr
'g(?u
!jPr's(
lh
!e`Hu
!cPk?y.
.C?Ty
!rPjr
'g(?u
!jPr's(
lh
!e`Hu
!cPk?y.
4. .!mPmr'?(mr

{{
CHr
Hy
!mPs
?
l?!mPs?m?r
!rPM
!PkHu?.
.!mPmr'?(mr
{{
CHr
Hy
!mPs
?
l?!mPs?m?r
!rPM
!PkHu?
5. .Ch
!PrsHmy
!fPs
?r
?
!gPq?a'?(k
!PqHmcY
!jPeh
!oPs.
.!N9rsHmy+
!Pq?mcY.
.Ch
!PrsHmy

!fPs
?r
?
!gPq?a'?(k
!PqHmcY
!jPeh
!oPs.
.!N9rsHmy+
!Pq?mcY.






Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.N9.
THOUGHT – Vowel N°7
N°
Contrast .N9.
with .P.

Trim (1995, p.28)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.N9.
THOUGHT

THOUGHT – Vowel N°77
DISTRIBUTION: Full
Medial

Initial
awe,
we, oar, or .!N9.

taught .!sN9s.

Final
law, lore .!kN9.

SPELLINGS
All <aw>

Common

saw .!rN9.
hawk
hawk .!gN9j.

<a> + <l>

war .!vN9.
more
more .!lN9.

born,
born, borne .!aN9m.

board .!aN9c.
cause .!jN9y.
daughter
daughter /!cN9s?.
talk .!sN9j.
all
all .!N9k.

<ar> after <w, qu>

war .!vN9.
quarter
quarter .!jvN9s?.

<oor>

door .!cN9.
floor
floor .!ekN9.

Most <or, ore>
Most <oar>
Most <au>

Less
common

<our>

court .!jN9s.

four
four .!eN9.

<ough> + cons.

bought .!aN9s.
ought
ought .!N9s.
broad .!aqN9c.
water .!vN9s?.
sure .!RN9.
pure
pure .!oiN9.

<oa>
<a>
<ure>

Exceptions

Tips:
•
•

•

Spellings with <or> or a combination of several vowels (e.g. etc.)
This is similar to the Spanish sound found in the speech of elderly “señoras
señoras paquetas”

paquetas (e.g. “la
señooooora de Ochoooooa,,” “Graciela Booooorges,”)) and the idiosyncratic “Ooooocho” as spoken
by Riverito.
Place your lips in the shape of a Spanish .t.
but say a Spanish .n.
sound. .N9.
is
.N9.
80% .t.
and 20%
.n..

Transcribe:
1. Sean saw the thunderstorm from the shore.
2. Your daughter is drawing a white horse.
3. George ordered some more port from the store.
4. Walk with me. We need to talk, Laura.
5. There’s some chalk in the top drawers.

Key:
1. .!RN9m
!rN9
C?
!SUmc?rsN9l
eq'?(l
C?
!RN9.
.!RN9m
!rN9
C?

!SUmc?rsN9l
eq'?(l
C?
!RN9.
2. .iN9
!cN9s?q
Hy
!cqN9HM
?
!v`Hs
!gN9r.
.iN9
!cN9s?q
Hy
!cqN9HM
?
!v`Hs
!gN9r.
3. .!cYN9cY
!N9c?c
r'?(l
!lN9
!oN9s
eq'?(l
C?
!rsN9.
.!cYN9cY
!N9c?c
r'?(l
!lN9

!oN9s
eq'?(l
C?
!rsN9.
4. .!vN9j
vHC
lh
{{
vh
!mh9c
s?
!sN9j
!kN9q?.
.!vN9j
vHC
lh
{{
vh
!mh9c
s?
5. .C?y
r'?(l
!sRN9j
Hm
C?
!sPo
!cqN9y.
.C?y
r'?(l
!sRN9j

Hm
C?
!sPo
!cqN9y.


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.T.
FOOT – Vowel N°8
Contrast .t9.
with .T.

Trim (1995, p.29)


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.T.

FOOT – Vowel N°8
Initial

DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Medial
Final

oops .!Tor.((rare)
rare)

push
push .!oTR.

SPELLINGS
put
put .!oTs. butcher .!aTsR?.
cushion .!jTRm.
sugar
sugar .!RTf?.
Most <-ook>
book .!aTj.
look
look .!kTj.
good .!fTc.
wood
wood .!vTc.

Some <oo>
wool
hood .!gTc.
wool .!vTk.
h
could .jTc.
should
should
<ou>
.RTc.
w
would .vTc.
bosom .!aTyl.

wolf
wolf .!vTke.
<o>
woman
woman .!vTl?m.
worsted .!vTrsHc., Worcester .!vTrs?.

Some <u> (BVP &
others)

Common

Less
common
Exceptions

Tips:
•
•
•

Basic vowel pattern in the spelling & <-ook>.
This is similar to the Spanish sound in “burro, curro.”
Modern .T. is somewhat a mixture of .n., .t. and .?.-

Transcribe:
1. Robin Bush is reading a good cookery book.
2. You shouldn’t look at that woman.
3. Mr Brooks, the butcher,
butche is wearing a woolen hood.

4. Has Mrs Fulton really got a wooden foot?
5. This cushion is stained with Worcestershire sauce.

Key:
1. .!qPaHm
!aTR
Hy
!qh9cHM
?
!fTc
!jTj'?(qh
!aTj.
.!qPaHm
!aTR
Hy
!qh9cHM
?
!fTc
!jTj'?(qh
!aTj.
2. .it
!RTc'?(ms
!kTj
?s
!Czs
!vTl?m.
3. .!lHrs?
!aqTjr
{
C?

!aTsR?
{
Hy
!vd?qHM
?
!vTk?m
!gTc.
4. .!gzy
!lHrHy
!eTks'?(m
!qH?kh
!fPs
?
!vTc'?(m
!eTs.
'?(m
!qH?kh
!fPs
?
!vTc'?(m
!eTs.
5. .CHr
!jTR'?(m
Hy
!rsdHmc
vHC
!vTrs?R?
!rN9r.
.!vTrs?RH?.
.CHr

!jTR'?(m
Hy
!rsdHmc
vHC


Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014