NGU PHAP TIENG ANH TOM LUOC – BAI 19 REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH TÓM LƯỢC – BÀI 19
GIẢN LƯỢC MĐQH - REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ có các dạng sau:
1) Dùng cụm Ving : Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động
The man who is standing there is my brother
The man standing there is my brother
2) Dùng cụm P.P: Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động .
I like books which were written by NguyenDu
I like books written by NguyenDu
3) Dùng cụm to inf: Dùng khi danh từ đứng trứoc có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa :
ONLY,LAST,số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND...,so sánh nhất.
This is the only student who can do the problem.
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE/HAVE GOT
I have much homework that I must do. --> I have much homework to do.
-Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today. --> There are six letters to be written today.
- So sánh nhất
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf này các bạn cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
Ex:
We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we,you,everyone.... thì có thể không
cần ghi ra.
Ex:
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.

Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất).
Ex:
We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
4) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề tình từ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which và be
Ex:
Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Do you like the book which is on the table? --> Do you like the book on the table?
Trường hợp khác:
I have a car which has four seats : tôi có 1 chiếc xe mà nó có 4 chổ ngồi

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KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG
=> I have a four-seat car.
EX:I had a holiday which lasted two days.
=> I had a two-day holiday.
EXECISES
I/.Combine, using Relative Clauses, and put commas where necessary:
1. This is a photograph of our friends. We went on holiday with them.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
2. The city where I live is very noisy at night. This makes it difficult to sleep.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................

3. She had to look after her father for over 20 years. He died last year.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
4. Mr. Jones was very generous about overtime payments. I was working for him.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
5. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t turn up.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
6. You met a woman last night. Can you tell me about her?
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
7. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women and dogs. They were playing in the park.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
8. She showed me a photograph of her son. Her son is a policeman.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
9. This is my cousin Mary. You talked to her at the party last Sunday.
 ...............................................................................................................................................................
10. Three days ago, they visited Hanoi. They’d never been to it before.

II/Choose the correct sentence among A,B,C or D which has the same meaning as the given one

1. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it
He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it
He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
He like the dress Huong is wearing
He likes the dress Huong is wearing
2. The meal is really delicious. They had it at a restaurant yesterday.
The meal where they had at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious.
The meal whom they had at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious.
The meal which they had it at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious.
The meal they had at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious.
3. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party
Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.

Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
Most of the classmates he were invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
4. The bus was full of passengers and goods. She travelled on it.
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KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG
The bus on which she travelled it was full of passengers and goods.
The bus she travelled on was full of passengers and goods.
The bus which she travelled on it was full of passengers and goods.
The bus she travelled on it was full of passengers and goods.
5. The girl is from Britain. We are going to see her.
The girl which we are going to see is from Britain. The girl we are going to see her is from
Britain.
The girl we are going to see is from Britain. The girl whose we are going to see is from
Britain.
6. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.
What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
7. The woman talked all the time. I sat next to her on the bus.
The woman which I sat next to on the bus talked all the time.
The woman I sat next to on the bus talked all the time.
The woman I sat next to her on the bus talked all the time.
The woman who sat next to on the bus talked all the time.
8. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer.
The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.

The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old.
The church our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
9. The flat was very old. My family used to live in it for a long time before coming here.
The flat which my family used to live in it for a long time before coming here was very old.
The flat where my family used to live in for a long time before coming here was very old.
The flat where my family used to live in it for a long time before coming here was very old.
The flat my family used to live in for a long time before coming here was very old.
10. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song.
The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents.
The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents.
The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing.
The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it.

GIẢM MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
BT Giảm mệnh đề
1. Dr. Leo Evans ____ in this restaurant every day is a famous doctor
A. eat B to eat C eaten D eating
2. The pupil ___ next to me is very clever.
A. sit B sitting C sat D to sat

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KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG
3. Libya is a leading producer of oil. It is a country in Africa.
A. Libya is a leading producer of oil, a country in Africa
B. Libya is a leading producer of oil is a country in Africa
C. Libya is a country in Africa a leading producer of oil
D. Libya, a country in Africa is a leading producer of oil.
4. Credit cards ______ in international trade are very convenient.

A. used B to use C. using D have been used
5. The man _____ to the police station. He denied stealing the money.
A. bring B to bring C brought D bringing
6. Do you know that student ___________ toward us?
A. come B comes C came D coming
7. The pot __ water is on the counter.
A. contains B contained C to contain D containing

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