17969 passive voice and causative structure

PASSIVE VOICE
WHAT IS VOICE? 
WHEN DO WE USE PASSIVE VOICE?
VOICE IS the grammatical relation
Passive voice is mainly used:
3. WRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE VOICE.
FORM PAY ATTENTION TO VERB TENSES.
(active or passive) of the
a. When the action or the
We form the passive using BE (in an appropriate tense) + PAST
The teacher told Tom to stop taking. _______________________________________________________________
grammatical subject of a verb toresult
the of the action is more important than
PARTICIPLE of a transitive verb.
Theydenotes.
are going to
a new
centre init.
town. ________________________________________________
action that 1.
the verb
theopen
person
or commercial
thing that performs
In the active sentence the person or thing that performs the
WHAT IS PASSIVE VOICE
  2. We have ?
  done
 
b. When

the agent
is unknown
our
homework.
_____________________________________________________________________
action usually comes first:
The passive3.
voiceThe
is used
to indicate
or obvious.
fire destroyed
the building. ___________________________________________________________________
SUBJECT /AGENT
that the grammatical subject of c.
the
When the agent is a long
ACTION
4.
They won’t accept the offer. _____________________________________________________________________
verb is the recipient (not the source)
phrase.
RESULT
5.denoted
His behaviour
disappointed
of the action
by the verb.
d. When weher.
want___________________________________________________________________

to make a statement
She
impersonal
6. London is going to
hold the next Olympics. ___________________________________________________________
cleaned
e. In landscape
rules and orders
7. I can see a beautiful
from my window. ______________________________________________________
the room yesterday
In passive sentences the result of the action comes first and
8. You must tell her about the meeting. _______________________________________________________________
becomes the subject of the sentence
9. We advertise our products in the newspaper. _________________________________________________________
SUBJECT (RESULT)
THE AGENT
10. Helen is writing a letter. ________________________________________________________________________
REPORTING VERBS
In most passive sentences we have no interest
VERBS
WITH TWO OBJECTS IN THE5. TRANSFORM
We often use
reporting
verbs with
impersonal WITH
passiveTWO
4.
PASSIVE
WITH

REPORTING
VERBS.
THE
FOLLOWING
SENTENCES
in who
ACTIVE
VOICE
constructions.
1.
People
say
he
has
committed
the
crime
OBJECTS
INTO
THE
PASSIVE.
or what performs the action.
Verbs that have two objects in the active
people
think
he stole
the money”(Active)
It______________________________________________
1. usually
The“Some

staff gave
him
a worm
welcome.
We mention
the agent when we think that the
have
two
passive
forms.
There are two basic constructions:
2. They
claim that In
thisthis
newcase
car it
is is
better than the old one.
a.__________________________________________
information
is important.
“I sent her a present” (Active voice)
a. It + passive verb+ that
new car______________________________________
b.__________________________________________
usually This
introduced
with BY.
“She was sent a present”
“It

is thought
stole
3.
People
believe
he
is
a
shoplifter.
2.
My
mother
bought that
him ahe
new
carthe money”
“Hamlet was written by Shakespeare”.
“A present was sent to her”
b. Subject+ passive verb+ TO infinitive.
He______________________________________________
a.__________________________________________
“He is though to have stolen the money”
4. People say that a lot of people will lose their job due to the crisis.
b. __________________________________________

It______________________________________________
3. The company offered them a pay rise
5. People say he is the best candidate for the elections next month
a.___________________________________________
He______________________________________________

b.__________________________________________
THE CAUSATIVE
HAS THE MEANING OF 'SOMEONE” CAUSING SOMEONE ELSE TO DO
6. They say he
died in the car accident last night
4. She showed Mary her new bedroom.
SOMETHING'. In English there are two basic causative structures
He______________________________________________
a.__________________________________________
THE VERBS USUALLY USED FOR THE CAUSATIVE ARE:
a.7. They
 AN  ACTIVE 
  think  ONE 
  family
 
the
went to live in Australia
b.__________________________________________
GET (which gives an idea of persuasion)
The family_______________________________________
5. Helen paid him a lot of money for his job
“She got her sister to do the washing up”
8.
People
believe
he
did
it
on
purpose

a.__________________________________________
SOMEONE + GET (ANY TENSE) + SOMEBODY+ TO DO SOMETHING
HAVE (which implies asking and persuasion too)
He______________________________________________
b.__________________________________________
+ HAVE (ANY TENSE) + SOMEBODY+ DO SOMETHING
“I had my husband drive me to the airport”
“
+ MAKE (ANY TENSE) + SOMEBODY + DO SOMETHING
“He had his secretary sign the papers”
MAKE (which
implies forcing or convincing someone to do
“I had my mum do my hair” /“ I’m going to make my secretary type the letters / “
something
for
you)
He’s going to get her boyfriend to paint her bedroom”
7. CAUSATIVE
REWRITE
THESE
SENTENCES USING HAVE OR
“Anna made
Peter tidy
his room”
GET.
“He
made
me
pay
the

check”
FIND THE
b. 6. PASSIVE 
 ONE 
 
 MISTAKE AND CORRECT THE SENTENCE,
1. The
mechanic revised my car.
LET
(allow)
1. The book must have given to Anna tomorrow
________________________________________________
“I’ll let you drive my car”
SOMEONE + HAVE OR GET
(ANY TENSE) SOMETHING + DONE+ BY
.____________________________________
2. The hairdresser
didlet
myher
hairgo”
in a completely different style.
“He wouldn’t
SOMEBODY ELSE
2. Did she was told about the meeting
________________________________________________
____________________________________
“ I had my hair done". /“ They are going to have their house redecorated”3. The teacher checked my exam a second time
_________________________________________________
3. They are being painted the house this week.
4. A friend

is going to repair
my computerACTIVE
next week.
THE FOLLLOWING
SENTENCES.
INTO
_____________________________________ 2. TRANSFORM
PASSIVE OR_________________________________________________
PASSIVE INTO ACTIVE.
4. She is said to has been hired for the job
5. My
skirtthe
is being
shortened.
1. You’ll have
to feed
dog while
I’m out.
_____________________________________
1. IDENTIFY
HE FOLLOWING SENTENCES: ACTIVE (A)
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________
5. (P)Lunch
is now beACTIVE
served (CA) CAUSATIVE
PASSIVE
CAUSATIVE
6. Somebody stole my wallet yesterday
ironed your shirt this morning.

_____________________________________ 2. She has _________________________________________________
PASSIVE (CP).
________________________________________________
6. He was told to go away by them.
7. My new book is going to be translated to French.
1. An accident
was reported last night. ____
should be banned in all public places.
_____________________________________ 3. Smoking _________________________________________________
2. I had
my brother paint my room. ____
________________________________________________
8. My room was painted last month.
7. There was nothing to have seen
3. The children
are going to draw some animals.___
4. We shall_________________________________________________
finish the project by tomorrow.
_________________________________
________________________________________________
Are
you
going
to
let
him
to
suffer
like
this?

4. I’m8.
having
my
kitchen
redecorated_____
8. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION

CAUSATIVE STRUCTURE

5. I gave Mary a 6.present
fornot
herlet
birthday.
1. I'm
going to
Mike _ my kitchen,____
computer to see what is wrong.
Julie will
her daughter __ that boy
5. I got
my______________________________________
friend
tohave
redecorate
________________________________________________
a) look at
b) to look at c) looked at
a) marry
b) to marry
c) married

6. Ann rejected my wedding invitation._____
2. I'll let you ________ my car.
I had
wallet
________ yesterday.
6.
This should be7.done
as my
soon
as possible
7. He a)
is believed to have committed the murder.___
to drive
b) drive
c) driving
a) stolen
b) stole
c) to steal
________________________________________________
8. The3.thief
was caught
the
police.___
I ________
herby
and
apologize.
8. Do you want me to help you ________?
7. Nobody told me about the exam.
a) made

himinvented
to call inb)
made
him called
c) made him call
a) to pack
b) packing
c) pack
9. Digital
TV was
the
1960s.___
________________________________________________
4. All the wine_______
9. I had my shopping ______this morning
10. We had our heating repaired yesterday.___
8. He was asked aa)favour.
a) drunk
b) were drunk
c) was drunk
to deliver b) delivered
c) deliver
11. My 5.sonHiswasfather
given_____him
a new bike1for
his
birthday.____
________________________________________________
million pounds
10. Have your assistant ______ these letters immediately

12. It isa)said
good swimmer.____
was she
leftis a very
b) left
c) leave
a) to send
b) to be sent
c) send
13. The students handed in their essays yesterday.____