Tài liệu ôn thi tiếng anh THPT 2019

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MÔN TIẾNG ANH
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Mục lục

I. Tóm tắt lý thuyết, bài tập và các đề ôn luyện:
1. Theories and exercises (Lí thuyết và bài tập)
A. PHONETICS
SOUNDS
STRESS
B. GRAMMAR
1. Tenses
2. Verb forms
3. Passive voice
4. Relative clauses
5. Word forms
6. Tag questions
7. Subject and verb agreement
8. Result clauses
9. Phrases and clauses of purpose
10. WH questions
11. Reported speech
12. Enough/ Too ... to inf - Used to – be (get) used to
13. Phrasal verbs
14. Prepositions

15. Articles
16. Conjunctions
17. Conditional sentences
18. The comparison of adjectives and adverbs

2. Sample tests (Các đề mẫu tham khảo)
1. Practice test 1
2. Practice test 2
3. Practice test 3
4. Practice test 4
5. Practice test 5
6. Practice test 6
7. Practice test 7
8. Practice test 8
9. Practice test 9
10. Practice test 10
11. ĐỀ THI TN-2009
12. ĐỀ THI TN-2010

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II. Đáp án (KEYS):
A. PHONETICS

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KEY- SOUNDS
KEY- STRESS
B. GRAMMAR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

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Key-Tenses
Key-Verb forms
Key-Passive voice
Key-Relative clauses
Key-Word forms
Key-Tag questions
Key-Subject and verb agreement
Key-Result clauses
Key-Phrases and clauses of purpose
Key-WH questions
Key-Reported speech
Key-Enough/ Too ... to inf - Used to – be (get) used to
Key-Phrasal verbs
Key-Prepositions
Key-Articles
Key-Conjunctions
Key-Conditional sentences
Key-The comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Sample tests (Các đề mẫu tham khảo)

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1. Key-Practice test 1
2. Key-Practice test 2
3. Key-Practice test 3
4. Key-Practice test 4
5. Key-Practice test 5
6. Key-Practice test 6

7. Key-Practice test 7
8. Key-Practice test 8
9. Key-Practice test 9
10. Key-Practice test 10
11. Key-ĐỀ THI TN-2009
12. Key-ĐỀ THI TN-2010

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PART I:

THEORIES AND EXERCISES
A. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)

1. SOUNDS
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số
ít.
Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,/θ/,/h/
/s/
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books...
Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z,
/ iz /
ch, sh, ce, ge.
Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…..
Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days …
/z /

Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:
- Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose,
reason, preserve, poison..
-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure
Exercise:
1. A. proofs
B. books
C. points
D. days
2. A. asks
B. breathes
C. breaths
D. hopes
3. A. sees
B. sports
C. pools
D. trains
4. A. tombs
B. lamps
C. brakes
D. invites
5. A. books
B. floors
C. combs
D. drums
6. A. cats
B. tapes
C. rides
D. cooks
7. A. walks

B. begins
C. helps
D. cuts
8. A. shoots
B. grounds
C. concentrates
D. forests
9. A. helps
B. laughs
C. cooks
D. finds
10. A. hours
B. fathers
C. dreams
D. thinks
11. A. beds
B. doors
C. plays
D. students
12. A. arms
B. suits
C. chairs
D. boards
13. A. boxes
B. classes
C. potatoes
D. finishes
14. A. relieves
B. invents
C. buys

D. deals
15. A. dreams
B. heals
C. kills
D. tasks
16. A. resources
B. stages
C. preserves
D. focuses
17. A. carriages
B. whistles
C. assures
D. costumes
18. A. offers
B. mounts
C. pollens
D. swords
19. A. miles
B. words
C. accidents
D. names
20. A. sports
B. households
C. minds
D. Plays
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,θ/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :
Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên

: Ex: moved; played; raised.
Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked.
Exercise:
1. A. worked

B. stopped

C. forced

D. wanted

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2. A. kissed
3. A. confused
4. A. devoted
5. A. catched
6. A. agreed
7. A. measured
8. A. wounded
9. A. imprisoned
10. A. a.failed
11. A. invited
12. A removed
13. A. looked
14. A. wanted
15. A. laughed

16. A.believed
17. A.lifted
18. A. collected
19. A. walked
20. A.admired

B. helped
B. faced
B. suggested
B. crashed
B. missed
B. pleased
B. routed
B. pointed
B. reached
B. attended
B. washed
B. laughed
B.parked
B. passed
B. prepared
B. lasted
B. changed
B. entertained
B. looked

C. forced
C. cried
C. provided
C. occupied

C. liked
C. distinguished
C. wasted
C. shouted
C. absored
C. celebrated
C. hoped
C. moved
C. stopped
C. suggested
C. involved
C. happened
C. formed
C. reached
C. missed

BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC:
1. A. heat
B. scream
C. meat
2. A. breakfast
B. teacher
C. east
3. A. thrilling
B. other
C. through
4. A. idea
B. going
C. will
5. A. face

B. place
C. prepared
6. A. Germany
B. garden
C. gate
7. A. scholarship
B. Christ
C. school
8. A. house
B. harm
C. hour
9. A. hundred
B. exhausted
C. however
10. A. head
B. ready
C. mean
11. A. choir
B. cheap
C. child
12. A. charge
B. child
C. teacher
13. A. reason
B. clear
C. mean
14. A. motion
B. question
C. mention
15. A. gather

B. good
C. large
16. A. change
B. children
C. machine
17. A. write
B. writer
C. writing
18. A. share
B. rare
C. are
19. A. apply
B. university
C. identity
20. A. choice
B. achieve
C. each

D. raised
D. defined
D. wished
D. coughed
D. watched
D. managed
D. risked
D. surrounded
D. solved
D. díplayed
D. missed
D.stepped

D.watched
D. placed
D. liked
D. decided
D. viewed
D. looked
D. hoped
D. dead
D. please
D. something
D. trip
D. days
D. gas
D. chicken
D. husband
D. heat
D. weather
D. chair
D. champagne
D. each
D. fiction
D. again
D. church
D. written
D. declare
D. early
D. chemistry

2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm:
1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix):

 ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ...
* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway ....
Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc
V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement
V + al: ap'prove (chấp thuận) => ap'proval
V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự
V + y: de'liver (giao hàng)=> de'livery (sự giao
chống cự)
hàng).
V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ
V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện)
lao động)
V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standing
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V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor
adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay
V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin) đắng)
2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn
như /∂/ hay /i/
* EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get
, de'sign , en'joy.
3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì:
Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.
Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1.
EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record,
refuse...

* Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)...
4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL ,
-ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY ,
-NOMY , -METRY.
EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience,
im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria,
'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical,
po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy...
Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television...
5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE,
-AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon,
balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo,
typhoon...
*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…
Exercise:
1. a. pollute
2. A. mechanic
3. A. compulsory
4. A. nursery
5. A. curriculum
6. A. apology
7. A. interview
8. A. certificate
9. A. scientific
10. A. especially
11. A. importance
12. A. aspect
13. A. terrific
14. A. recognize
15. A. continent

16. A. appalling
17. A. policeman
18. A. competition
19. A. accountant
20. A. Attention

B. contractual
B. military
B. intensity
B. focus
B. kindergarten
B. industrial
B. certificate
B. apartment
B. availlable
B. comfortably
B. subtraction
B. careful
B. applicant
B. challenge
B. belong
B. ashamed
B. cinema
B. intelligent
B. Arabic
B. interesting

C. reject
C. apologize
C. kidding

C. delicate
C. contaminate
C. industry
C. applicant
C. individual
C. suspicious
C. carefully
C. algebra
C. require
C. banking
C. symbolize
C. master
C. November
C. overcoat
C. automation
C. Germany
C. influence

D. marvellous
D. miraculous
D. invaluable
D. secure
D. conventional
D. disaster
D. primary
D. biology
D. supportive
D. possibly
D. example
D. successful

D. ignorant
D. continue
D. access
D. architect
D. politics
D. information
D. chemistry
D. television

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GRAMMAR
1. Tenses
1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn)
a. Form : ( Công thức )
- Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + V1
He , She , It ( S ít ) + V- s / es
- Phủ định :
I , We , You , They .. + don't + Vo
He , She , It … + doesn't + Vo
- Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They .. + Vo … ?
Does + He , She , It … + Vo … ?
b. Usage (Cách dùng ) :
- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex : The Earth goes round the sun . - He is a doctor.
- Tom comes from England.
- Diễn tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại (để nhận biết, câu thường có:

always, often, usually, sometimes, now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every ..... )
Ex : He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning.
Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch.
2 . The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V –ing
- Phủ định : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing
- Nghi vấn :
Are / Is + S + V-ing …. ?
Ex:
We are studying English now .
b. Usage ( Cách dùng) :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói (ở hiện tại)
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the
moment, ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now
- Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai (có kế hoạch từ trước)
Ex : She is getting married next year.
Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất
hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước.
Ex: The grey dark appears. It is going to rain.
3 . The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hòan thành)
a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + has / have + V3 , ed
- Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V3 , ed
- Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V3 , ed?
b. Usage (Cách dùng ):
* Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm với các từ
just, recently = lately, not .. yet, ever, never, aleady )
Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet .
* Diễn tả 1 hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai
(thường đi với các từ since , for)
Ex : - They have lived here for ten years .

* Ngòai ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long .. ?
It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three…. times.
Note : For ( many, several, 2, 3 / . + times, years, months or a long time = ages ) # since ( last
week .. )
4. The Simple Past (Thì quá khứ đơn )
a. Form :
- Khẳng định : S + V2, ed … ( To be : was / were )
- Phủ định : S + did not Vo ….
- Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo ….. ?
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b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết rõ thời
gian ) thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quá
khứ )
5 . The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn )
a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing
Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday.
b. Usage :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ .
Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
- Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang
xảy ra ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào .
Ex:
a. What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
b. We were watching television when he came
- Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ .
Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V .

* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quá
khứ ( yesterday, last .. )
Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday.
6 . The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hòan thành )
a. Form :
S + had V3 , ed
b. Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước
1 thời điểm ở quá khứ .
Ex : When I got up this morning, my mother had already left .
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after
7 . The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn )
a. Form :
S + shall / will Vo
b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week / month ) … , in 2020
8. The Perfect Future : ( Tương lai hòan thành )
Form
S + will have V 3,ed
Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of ….
Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike.
Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ………. không dùng
thì tương lai mà chỉ dùng thì hiện tại đơn .
Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week.
EXERCISES: I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. She (not work)…………………., she (swim) ……………….in the river.
2. Why Ann (not wear) ………………..her new dress?
3. You can't see Tom now: he (have) ………………..a bath.
4. He usually (drink) ………. coffee but today he (drink) ……………..tea.
5. – What she (do) …………..in the evenings?
– She usually (play) ……………cards or (watch)……………… TV.
6. She (stand) …..at the bus stop. I asked her what bus she (wait) ……. for.

7. When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) ……………. on the
overhead projector.
8. I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) ……….
9. He (watch) ……………… TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) …………..
down the sound and (go) ……………… to answer it.
10. – This is my house.
– How long you (live)…………………… here?
– I (live) …………………here since 1970.
11. He (live) ……. in London for two years and then (go) …. to Edinburgh.
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12. I (not see) ………………… him for three years. I wonder where he is.
13. I can't go out because I (not finish) ……………… my work.
14. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) ……………………. them.
15. You (have) ……. breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) …………… it at 8.00.
16. – You (be) ……………… here before?
– Yes, I (spend) ……………. my holidays here last year.
– You (have) …………………. a good time?
– No, it never (stop) …………………. raining.
17. – Where you (go) …… for your holidays this year? – I (go)… to Holland.
18. They (get) ………………… married next week.
19. – You (do) …. anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) … to my carpentry class.
20. Look at those clouds. It (rain)…………………...
21. You (have) …………………. time to help me tomorrow?
22. – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot. I (telephone) ……………. for them now.
23. – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg.
– I'm sorry to hear that. I (send) ……………… him some grapes.

24. I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) …………………. to type.
25. I see that you have got a loom. You (do) ………….. some weaving?
II. Multiple choices
1. She................Hanoi last year.
A. went
B. go
C. goes
D. is going
2. Now you ..................from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
A. are flying
B. would fly C. will fly
D. can fly
3. When Carol....................last night, I................my favorite show on television.
A. was calling- watched
B. called- have watched
C. called- was watching
D. had called- watched
4. By the time next summer, you....................your studies.
A. completes
B. will complete
C. are completing
D. will have completed
5. Right now, Jim.................the newspaper and Kathy...............dinner.
A. reads- has cooked
B. is reading- is cooking
C. has read- was cooking
D. read- will be cooking
6. Last night at this time, they.....................the same thing. She.............and he..........the newspaper.
A. are doing- is cooking- is reading
B. were doing- was cooking- was reading

C. was doing- has cooked- is reading
D. had done- was cooking- read
7. – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? – I …………….. for an
important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me.
a. wait
b. will wait
c. am waiting d. have waited
8. – Robert is going to be famous someday. He ……………. in three movies already. – I’m sure
he’ll be a star.
a. has been appearing
b. has appeared
c. had appeared
d. appeared
9. – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff. How are you? – Jeff? What a coincidence! I ………….. about you
when the phone rang.
a. was just thinking
b. just thought
c. have just been thinking
d. was just thought
10. – What …….. about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one.
a. are you thinking
b. do you think
c. have you thought
d. have you been thinking
11. – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate?
– I ……………. a delicious dessert for dinner tonight.
a. make
b. will make
c. am going to make d. will have made
12. – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I …… my keys.

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a. found
b. will find
c. find
d. am finding
13. While I ………………. TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
a. watch
b. watched
c. was watching
d. am watching
14. The earth ……………… on the sun for its heat and light.
a. is depend
b. depending
c. has depend d. depends
15. I don’t feel good. I ……………… home from work tomorrow.
a. am staying
b. stay
c. will have stayed
d. stayed
16. I’ve been in this city for a long time. I …………….. here sixteen years ago.
a. have come
b. was coming
c. came
d. had come
17. – May I speak to Dr. Paine, please?
– I’m sorry, he ………….. a patient at the moment. Can I help you?

a. is seeing
b. sees
c. has been seeing
d. was seeing
18. – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes …….. for at least 30 minutes.
a. are boiling
b. have been boiling c. boiling
d. were boiling
19. My family loves this house. It …………….the family home ever since my grandfather built it
60 years ago.
a. was
b. has been
c. is
d. will be
20. I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind. By the time you’re an
adult, you ……………….. all about it.
a. forget
b. will have forgotten c. will forget
d. forgot
21. The little girl started to cry. She ……….. her doll, and no one was able to find it for her.
a. has lost b. had lost
c. was losing
d. was lost
22. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago
A. haven’t seen- last meet
B. didn’t see- met
C. haven’t seen- have meet
D. didn’t see- have met
23. The Chinese................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo................back to Italy
A. made- brought

B. have made- brought
C. made- had brought
D. had been making- brought
24. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience...................
A. just finished- were clapping
B. had just finished- had clapped
C. had just finished- were clapping
D. just finished- had clapped
25. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work
A. lost- was
B. was lost- had been
C. has lost- was
D. lost- has been
26. Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She ……………. at the computer for five straight
hours. Finally, she took a break.
a. is sitting
b. has been sitting
c. was sitting d. had been sitting
27. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable
A. become
B. has become
C. became
D. will became
28. In the 19th century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon
A. took
B. had taken
C. had been taken
D. was taking
29. Sam..............to change a light bulb when he................and.........................
A. was trying -slipped- fell

B. tried- was slipping- falling
C. had been trying- slipped- was falling
D. has tried- slips- falls
30. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in
the last hundred and fifty years
A. was- have changed
B. is- change
C. had been- will change
D. has been- changed
2. Verb forms
•

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+ Bare infinitive(động từ nguyên mẫu không To) ---->Vo
+ To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu có To)
----> V1
+ Simple past( qúa khứ đơn)
Vo-ED/ V2
----> V2
+ Past participle: qúa khứ phân từ : V3/ Vo-ED ---> V3
+ Present participle Hiện tại phân tư :Vo+ing ---> V4
( chức năng như tính từ hay dùng trong thì tiếp diễn)
+ Gerund Danh động từ:(Vo+ing)
(chức năng như danh từ hoặc động từ)----> V4
* Động từ chia theo ý nghĩa có động từ đặc biệt và động từ thường, chia theo dạng có 3

dạng chính như sau:
Bare infinitive (V0)
Infinitive :
To infinitive (V1)
Gerund (V0 + ing )
Past Participle → Vo ed/V3 ( V3 )
Participle :
Present Participle - Vo + ing(V4 )
I. Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to
1. Sau modal verbs ( động từ khiếm khuyết )
2. Sau auxilary verbs : do, does, did.
3. Sau make, let, help ( sau help có thể có To inf ).
Passive voice → dùng to inf theo sau. Trừ let
4. Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch,
notice …
Vo ( bare ) → hành động đã xong
S + V + object
Vo ( ing ) → hành động đang diễn ra
5. Sau had better ( tốt hơn ) would rather ( thà thì hơn ), had sooner.
6. Sau thành ngữ : to do nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : không làm gì cả mà chỉ.
Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác.
7. Causative form (Thể sai khiến):
S + have + object ( chỉ người ) + Vo (bare).
8. Simple present tense : I, you, we, they +Vo (bare).
9. Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative )
II. To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu có To)
1. Làm subject → V(sing) (review formal subject)
2. Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object )
3. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complement ) ;
S + V + obj + to infinitive

4. Làm adjective → rút gọn adjective clause ( relative clause ) đứng sau danh từ →
review how to reduce relative clause.
5. Làm adverb ⇒ rút gọn : adverbbial clause of result : đứng sau adj
Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: chỉ mục đích
5a. Rút gọn clause of result theo công thức sau ( phrase of result )
S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf
S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf
5b. Rút gọn : clause of purpose theo mẫu sau ( phrase of purpose )
to inf
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S+V+
in order for object to inf
so as to inf
6. It + take+ (object) + time + to inf
7. Causative form: S+ get + object ( chỉ người ) + to inf
8. Sau một số động từ sau đây:
8.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive : S + V + to inf
1. afford
: cung cấp đủ
21. manage : xoay xở
2. agree
: đồng ý
22. mean
: muốn
3. appear
: có vẻ

23. need
: cần ( chủ động, người )
4. arrange
: sắp xếp
24. offer
: mời
5. ask
: hỏi
25. plan
: dự định, kế hoạch
6. attempt
: cố gắng
26. prepare
: chuẩn bị
7. beg
: đề nghị, xin
27. pretend
: giả vờ
8. care
: quan tâm
28. promise : hứa
9. claim
: cho là, tuyên bố
29. refuse
: từ chối
10. consent
: đồng ý, tán thành
30. regret
: tiếc ( tương lai )
11. decide

: quyết định
31. remember : nhớ (tương lai )
12. demand
: yêu cầu
32. seem
: dường như
13. deserve
: xứng đáng
33. struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng
14. expect
: trông đợi
34. swear
: thề
15. dare
: dám
35. threaten : dọa
16. fail
: thất bại
36. tend
: có khuynh hướng
17. forget
: quên ( tương lai )
37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong
18. hesitate
: ngập ngừng
38. wait
: đợi
19. hope
: hy vọng
39. want

: muốn ( chủ động )
20. learn
: học
40. wish
: ao ước
8.b Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là Obj + to inf: S + V + objective + to inf
1. advise :
2. allow:
3. ask :
4. beg :
5. cause :
6. challenge :
7. convince :
8. dare :
9. encourage
10. expect :
11. forbid :
12. force :
13. hire :
14. instruct :
15. invite :
16. need :
17. tempt :
18. intend :
19. order :
20. permit :
21. persuade :
22. remind :

khuyên

cho phép
hỏi, đòi hỏi
năn nỉ, xin
gây ra
thách thức, thách đố
thuyết phục
dám
:khuyến khích
trông đợi
cấm
bắt buộc
thuê, mướn
chỉ dẫn
mời
cần
cám dỗ
dự định
ra lệnh
cho phép
thuyết phục
nhắc lại

23. require :
yêu cầu
24. recommend : khuyên
25. teach :
dạy
26. tell :
bảo
27. urge

: thúc giục, thuyết phục
28. want :
muốn
29. warn :
cảnh báo
30. help :
giúp đỡ
31. would like
: thích
32. would prefer : thích
33. appoint :
chỉ định ai làm gì
34. charge :
giao nhiệm vụ
35. choose :
lựa chọn
36. compel :
cưỡng bách
37. defy :
thách
38. desire :
ao ước, thèm thuồng
39. direct :
hướng dẫn, chỉ huy
40. implore :
yêu cầu
41. provoke :
xúi giục
42. Teach, explain, know, understand, discover,
consider, think, believe + how + to inf :Chỉ cách

thức

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III. Gerund : Danh động từ:
A. Gerund as a noun ( subj , obj, complement & appositive)
1. Làm chủ ngữ → V(sing) → ( real subject & informal subject ).
2. Làm tân ngữ
Object of verb : S + V + V- ing ( gerund ).
Object of preposition → sau preposition + V-ing.
3. Làm subject complement:
Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund )
4. Làm appositive (ngữ đồng vị )
Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy.
5. Đứng sau thành ngữ :
it is no use, it is no good :
there is no use, there is no good: vô ích
can’t stand / bear / help : không thể chịu được
6. Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth
7. Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép )
N + gerund →child bearing
Gerund + N → flying machine
B. Gerund as a verb : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ
1. admit
: thừa nhận
26. hate
: ghét

2. advise
: khuyên ( không object )
27. mention : nhắc tới, nĩi tới
3. anticipate : tham gia
28. mind
: phiền
4. appreciate : đánh giá cao
29. miss
: nhớ, lỡ, mất
5. avoid
: tránh
30. postpone : đình, hõan.
6. complete : hòan thành
31. prevent
: ngăn cản
7. consider
: xem xét
32. practise : luyện tập
8. delay
: trì hõan
33. recall
: gợi lại, nhớ lại.
9. dread
: sợ
34. recollect : gợi lại.
10. detest
: ghét
35. recommend : khuyên, dặn dò.
11. discuss
: thảo luận

36. regret
: tiếc nuối ( quá khứ )
12. dislike
: không thích
37. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ )
13. deny
: từ chối
38. resent
: tức giận, phật ý.
14. enjoy
: thưởng thức
39. resist
: cưỡng lại, phản kháng.
15. excuse
: xin lỗi
40. risk
: liều lĩnh.
16. finish
: hoàn thành
41. stop
: ngừng, từ bỏ.
17. forget
: quên ( qúa khứ )
42. start
: ( hoặc To inf )
18. forgive
: tha thứ
43. suggest
: đề nghị
19. fancy

: tưởng tượng
44. tolerate
: bỏ qua
20. imagine : tưởng tượng
45. understand : hiểu
21. involve : làm liên lụy
46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa.
22. include
: bao gồm
* can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help
23. keep
: tiếp tục
* it is no use, it is no good, there is no use .
24. love
: ( hoặc To inf)
* look forward to
25. like
: thích
* busy, worth
IV. Past participle : quá khứ phân từ – VoED/V3
1. Thêm trợ từ have+Vo-ED/V3 ( past participle )→ perfect tense
2.Thêm trợ từ Be +VoED/V3(past participle)→ passive voice.
3. Làm chức năng như adjective ⇒ passive meaning ⇒ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ.
(adjective clauses or relative clauses )
+ Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
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+ Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động.
4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép
N
→ man – made
Adj
+ V ( PP – VoED/V3 )
→ new – born
Adv
→ well – known
6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp → V(plural )
educated(adj)→ the educated:những người có giáo dục.
7. Thành lập causative form : thể truyền khuyến
S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V ( PP – Vo ED/V3 )
V. Present participle ( Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ.
1. Thêm trợ từ Be + Vo-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense.
2. Làm tính từ → mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning )
→ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause )
→ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện .
→ một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn.
3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp :
Ex: to live → the living : những người đang sống.
4. Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ).
N
→ peace – loving
Adj
Vo + ing
→ good – loking
Adv
→ hard - working
VI. Vo + ing or to infinitive

1. Recommend, begin, start, continue
+ To inf /Vo – ing
2. Forget, remember, regret:
+to inf → chỉ tương lai
3. Stop

+Vo – ing → chỉ quá khứ
to infinitive → ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác.
Vo – ing : → ngừng việc đang làm

4. Try

to infinitive : cố gắng
Vo – ing : thử
5. Need, want, require
To inf : mang nghĩa chủ động
Vo+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động (need: tobe + V (PP)
6. Would you mind + Vo- ing?
Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive …?
7. Advise, allow, permit
obj + to infi
∅ + Vo- ing
8. Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì
+ to infinitive: thích cái gì đó
9. Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó
EXERCISES:
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle).
1. I caught him (climb) _____ over my wall. I asked him (explain) _____ but he refused (say)
_____ anything, so in the end I had (let) _____ him (go) _____.
2. When at last I succeeded in (convince) _____ him that I wanted (get) _____ home quickly he

put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) _____ forward.
3. I'm not used to (drive) _____on the left.
When you see everyone else (do)____ it you'll find it quite easy (do) _____yourself.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

14
It is pleasant (sit) _____by the fire at night and (hear) _____the wind (howl) _____outside.
There was no way of (get) _____out of the building except by (climb) _____down a rope and
Ann was too terrified (do) _____this.
We heard the engines (roar) _____as the plane began (move) _____ and we saw the people on

the ground (wave) _____good-bye.
It's no good (write) _____ to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do) _____ is
(go)_____ and (see) _____him.
Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) _____ across it?
I didn't like (cross) _____it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) _____that it
wants (chase) _____ me.
The people in the flat below seem (be) _____ having a party. You can hear the champagne
corks (thud)_____ against their ceiling.
I don't like (get) _____bills but when I do get them I like (pay) _____them promptly.
Ask him (come) _____in. Don't keep him (stand) _____at the door.
The boys next door used (like) _____(make) _____ and (fly) _____ model aero planes, but
they seem to have stopped (do) _____ that now.
I knew I wasn't the first (arrive)_____, for I saw smoke (rise) _____from the chimney.
We watched the men (saw) _____the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall)
_____with a tremendous crash.
I hate (see) _____a child (cry) _____.
We watched the children (jump) _____from a window and (fall) _____into a blanket held by
the people below.
It is very unpleasant (wake) _____ up and (hear) _____ the rain (beat) _____on the windows.
He saw the lorry (begin) _____ (roll) _____ forwards but he was too far away (do) _____
anything (stop) _____it.
There are people who can't help (laugh) _____when they see someone (slip) _____on a banana
skin.
I prefer (drive) _____ to (be driven) _____.

II. Multiple choices
1. All the passengers were made ________ their seat belts during the turbulence.
a. buckle
b. to buckle
c. buckling

d. for buckling.
2. ________ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream.
a. Make
b. Making
c. To make
d. For make
3. I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend.
a. to let me to borrow
b. to let me borrow
c. let me borrow
d. let me to borrow
4. How can you let such a silly incident ________ your friendship?
a. wreck
b. to wreck
c. wrecking
d. that wrecks
5. ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather ______ a concert.'
a. attend
b. to attend
c. attending
d. have attended
6. The skiers would rather ________ through the mountains than go by bus.
a. to travel on train
b. traveled by train
c. travel by train
d. traveling by the train
7. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop ___ lunch.
a. having
b. to have
c. having had d. for having

8. The examiner made us ___ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center.
a. show
b. showing
c. to show
d. showed
9. As we entered the room, we saw a rat ________ towards a hole in the skirting board.
a. scamper
b. to scamper c. scampering
d. was scampering
10. I remember ________ to Paris when I was a very small child.
a. to be taken
b. to take
c. being taken d. taking
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11. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party.
a. allow me go
b. allow me to go c. allow me going
d. allow to go
12. We are going to have my house _______ tomorrow morning.
a. paint
b. painting
c. painted
d. to be painted
13. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ______ part in the projects.
a. to take
b. taking

c. to be taken d. being taken
14. Sally's low test scores kept her from _______ to the university.
a. admitting
b. to admit
c. to be admitted
d. being admitted
15. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it.
a. having told
b. to have told
c. having been told d. to have been told
16. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock.
a. wind
b. to wind
c. wind
d. wound
17. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible.
a. to repair
b. repairing
c. being repaired
d. be repaired
18. Alice didn't expect ________ to Bill's party.
a. asking
b. being asked
c. to ask
d. to be asked
19. We asked ________ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't.
a. Marie to stop playing
b. Marie stop to play
c. that Marie stops playing
d. Marie to stop to play

20. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives.
a. to view b. view
c. to be viewed
d. viewing
3. Passive voice
I. Form:
Active:
S + V + O + …….
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S
V
O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S
be V3/ed
by O
II. CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE:
Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday
Passive sentence: This book was taken by Peter yesterday
Trong câu chủ động:
- Peter → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple)
- this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trong câu bi động:
- Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj
- took (động từ chính) → taken (V3 / VoED - Past participle)
- thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang chia thì Past simple
A. Tổng quát:

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A. Tổng quát:
Passive sentence:

active sentence:

16
Subject + V +

Obj

Subject + BE + V3 / VoED (động từ chính) +

by Obj

1- Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu by Obj không cần thiết)
2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động.
Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó). Như vậy:
trong câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trò chia thì, Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang
nghĩa bị động (không chia thì)
3- Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED.
B. Cụ thể như sau:
1. Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb của câu chủ động (trong động từ phải xác định cho được thì và động từ
chính của câu chủ động)
2. Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ by him/them/me/you/people/ someone :
nếu không cần thiết).
- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ ---> câu bị động thay by bằng with +
Obj.

Ex: Moss is covering this wall. ---> This wall is being covered with moss.
- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody ---> câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể
phủ định.
Ex: No one helps me ---> I am not helped.
3. Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED.
(Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-không chia thì)
4. Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động (Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào
thì To be phải chia ở thì đó )
5. Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có.
Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ...
Active:
S+ will/would, shall/ should...+ Vo + object
→Passive: S + will/would, shall/should... + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs. → These drugs will be destroyed by police.
6. Đặt trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có.
Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used
7. Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có.
8. Đặt trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau BY nếu có. Place + by Obj + Time
Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year.
→ This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year
9. Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là To infinitive.
Ex: She makes me cry. → I am made to cry.
III. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT:
1-Causative form (thể truyền khuyến):
a/ Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo.
Ex: I have him repair my bicycle.
-S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi.
Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle.
b/ Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED.
Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him.

2. Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know,
consider, claim...
Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think....) (that) +S2+ verb2...
Passive:
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Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2 ....
Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /
+ to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2
Ex: People say that he was crazy.
→ Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy. Or
→ Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy. ( to have been vì say và was khác thì).
Ex: People say that money brings happiness.
→ Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness.
→ Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì)
3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice,
make, help, bid.
Ex: I hear him come in ---> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên
trong câu bị động).
4. Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh):
Ex: a. Open the door ---> Let the door be opened.
b. They let him go out ---> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out.
5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.
Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA.
Ex: He does not like people laughing at him. --> He does not like being laughed at.
6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide,
demand, beg, urge, order, request.

Ex: He advised me to accept this job
→ Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted.
→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job.
7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing
Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing.
8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise.
=>It is important for this exercise to be finished
- It is necessary to copy this lesson
=> It is necessary for this lesson to be copied.
- It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed.
9- Các trường hợp khác:
Ex Please enter this way. ---> You are requested to enter this way.
Dưới đây là vài ví dụ về cách thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động
a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es
→ S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED...
Ex: She cleans the floor everyday.
→ Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
b.The present continuous:
S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing
→ S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED...
Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker.
c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED
→ S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: Someone has stolen the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen
d.The simple past:
S + Vo ED/ V2
→ S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED.
Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)

→Passive: Where were the drugs found ?
e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing .... )
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→ S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday
→ Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.
f. The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm.
→ Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m
g- Who + V + object ...... ?
Passive: - By whom..... ? - Who...... by ?
Ex:
Who wrote this novel ?
→ Passive: - By whom was this novel written ?
hoặc: Who was this novel written by ?
Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice:
1. People drink a great deal of tea in England.
2. Tom was writing two poems.
3. She often takes her dog for a walk.
4. People speak English all over the world.
5. A group of students have met their friends at the railway station.
6. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
7. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
8. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
9. This well-known library attracts many people.
10. My mother used to make us clean the house.

11. He likes people to call him “Sir”.
12. They are going to have someone repair their car
13. People say that he is intelligent.
14. He can’t repair my bike.
15. Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
16. Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years.
17. They didn’t look after the children properly.
18. Nobody swept this street last week.
19. How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
20. You need to do this work.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive:
1. They will construct some new airports on islands.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. They are going to find out the mystery.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. You can buy videos like this one anywhere.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Where will your company send you next year?
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. They ought to have reported the accident to the police.

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……………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive:
1. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may +
offer) ………………………….. her a job soon.
2. Good news! I (may + offer) ………………………….. a job soon. I had an interview at an
engineering firm yesterday.
3. You (should + open) ………………….. the wine about three hours before you use it.
4. You (mustn’t + move) …………………………..this man; he is too ill. He (will + have to +
leave) ………………………….. here.
5. You (must + take) …………………………..those books back to the library yesterday.
6. We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) ……………………………
7. You (must + keep) ………………………….. meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
8. I (had better + wash) ……………….. my clothes today, or they will be very smelly.
9. Someone (should + tell) ………………………….. James the news immediately.
10. This application (be supposed to + send) ………….. to the personnel department soon.
Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. I shouldn’t ………. so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.
A. drink
B. drank
C. be drunk
D. have drunk
2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders.
A. to divide B. to be divided
C. dividing
D. being divided

3. When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times.
A. wear
B. be wear
C. be worn
D. be wearing
4. You promised her a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago.
A. write
B. be writing
C. have written
D. be written
5. After the test papers …………………. to the students in class tomorrow, the students
…………………. their next assignment.
A. will return – will be given
B. will be returned – are given
C. are returning – are giving
D. are returned – will be given
6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …………………. in half.
A. be divided
B. divide
C. have divided
D. have been divided
7. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home.
A. see
B. be seen
C. being seen
D. sees
8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must………………….
A. have been married B. be married C. marry
D. have married
9. A child should …………………. everything he or she wants.

A. gives
B. give
C. have been given
D. be given
10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing …………………. encouraged.
A. should be
B should
C. be
D. have
11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in
earlier class.
A. be left
B. have been left
C. leave
D. have left
12. You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home.
A. be finished
B. have finished
C. have been finished
D. finish
13. These books will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow.
A. return
B. have returned
C. being returned
D. be returned
14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th. Her birthday card …. a week ago.
A. will be sent
B. can be sent
C. should have been sent
D. should have sent

15. You …………………. me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
A. don’t have to introduce
B mustn’t be introduced
C. shouldn’t introduce
D. mustn’t introduce
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16. Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow.
A. will be invited
B. will invite
C. will have invited
D. will have been invited.
17. A new hospital ………………….in this area.
A. are going to be built B. builds
C. is going to be built D. is going to build
18. Mike …………………. What’s going on in his English class.
A. can’t understand
B. can’t be understood
C. could have understood
D. could have been understood
19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now.
A. are marking B. are being marked
C. will mark
D. will be marked
20. ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?
A. Did you feed
B. Were you fed

C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding
Exercise 5: Multiple choices
1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture
B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured
D. are manufacturing
2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.
A. was stolen
B. was stealing
C. stolen
D. stole
3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.
A. will be accomplished
B. accomplished
C. has accomplished
D. accomplishes
4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928
A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered
C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover
5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.
A. were praised
B. praised
C. were praising
D. praising
6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily
B. is easily absorbing
C. is easily absorbed
D. absorbed easily

7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------masterpieces all over the world.
A. had considered
B. are considering
C. are considered
D. consider
8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.
A. been repaired
B. being repaired
C. repaired
D. repairing
9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.
A. were shown
B. had been shown
C. have been shown
D. have shown
10. George is --------------- Lisa.
A. marry with
B. marry to
C. married with
D. married to
11. Somebody cleans the room every day.
a. The room every day is cleaned
b. The room is every day cleaned
c. The room is cleaned every day
d. The room is cleaned by somebody every day
12. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
a. All flights because of fog were cancelled.
b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.
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13.
14.

15.
16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21
c. All flights were because of fog cancelled
d. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog
People don't use this road very often.
a. This road is not used very often
b. Not very often this road is not used
c. This road very often is not used
d. This road not very often is used
Somebody accused me of stealing money.
a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.
b. I was accused of stealing money
c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody
d. I was accused stealing money.
How do people learn languages?

a. How are languages learned?
b. How are languages learned by people?
c. How languages are learned?
d. Languages are learned how?
People warned us not to go out alone.
a. We were warned not going out alone
b. We were warned not to go out alone by people.
c. We weren't warned to go out alone.
d. We were warned not to go out alone.
Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
a. The computer is being used at the moment.
b. The computer at the moment is being used.
c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.
d. The computer is used at the moment.
I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.
b. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.
c. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.
d. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.
We found that they had cancelled the game.
a. We found that the fame had been cancelled.
b. The game had been cancelled.
c. We found that the game had been cancelled by them.
d. The game were found to be cancelled.
They are building a new highway around the city.
a. A new highway is being built around the city.
b. A new highway is being built around the city by them
c. A new highway around the city is being built.
d. Around the city a new highway is being built.
4. Relative clauses

RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
A. RELATIVE CLAUSES
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan
hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY,
WHEN.
Danh từ đứng trước
(Antecedent)
Người (person)

Chủ ngữ
(Subject)
Who/That

Tân ngữ
(Object)
Whom/That

Sở hữu cách
(Possesive Case)
Whose

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Vật (Thing)

Which/That

Which/That

Of which/ whose

1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses)
a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
 I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
The woman who is standing over there is my sister.
b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
 I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
 The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars
 She works for a company which makes cars.
- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
 The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.
- Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó
Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.
He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)
d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.
- The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.

- The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that/ which makes cars.
- The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big.
* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:
- Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
- Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much ....
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
All that is mine is yours.
- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- You are the only person that can help us.
- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
- Sau giới từ
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.
e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
 John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.
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- This is the student. I borrowed his book.

This is the student whose book I borrowed.
f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
 Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
 He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
 The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
 The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.
2. Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)
a. WHERE (in/ on/ at ... which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn
Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
 The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
b. WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
 Do you remember the day when we first met?
c. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do
Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
 Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ:
RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Restrictive Relative Clauses:
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính
sẽ không rõ nghĩa.
Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
 I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
* LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân

ngữ trong MĐQH hạn định.
II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses:
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích
thêm), nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa.
- Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi:
+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…
+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ
nơi chốn
Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
 My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
- Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
 Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
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- The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday.
 The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty
- The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise.
 The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students.
* LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không hạn định.
EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
………………………………………………….……………………………..
3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.

………………………………………………….……………………………..
4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
7. The young man is Ba’s brother. He is talking to our teacher.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
9. The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
11. We visited the people. They are homeless after the flood.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
12. I don’t like the films. They have unhappy ending.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
13. I know the man. His son broke your windows.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
14. The girl is very kind. Her parents work with me.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
16. She hasn’t eat anything. This makes her parents worried.
………………………………………………….……………………………..
17. The student is from China. He sits next to me.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.

 …………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Mr. Pike is excellent. I am taking his course.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Shakespeare wrote plays . People have enjoyed them for four centuries.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
1) Dùng phân từ:
a) Dùng cụm V-ing :
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động
Ex: a. The man who is standing there is my brother.
b. The man standing there is my brother
b) Dùng cụm P.P: (V3/ V-ed)
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động .
a. I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.
b. I like books written by Nguyen Du.
2) Dùng cụm to inf: (... Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P... )
-Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây :
ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND...
Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE
Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
I have something to do now.
-Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)

Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
Ex: We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có
thể không cần ghi ra.
Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu.
Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Cách làm:
-bỏ who ,which và be
Ex: a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Ex: b. Do you like the book which is on the table?
Do you like the book on the table?
PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:
Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào
Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT...
Bước 2 :
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