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1 LIFESTYLES
Grammar
Vocabulary
Function
1a What are you
doing here? p4
Present simple and present
continuous
Question tags
Clothes, styles, accessories
and patterns
Shop for clothes
1b I’ve loved every
minute. p8
Present perfect simple with for and
since
Present perfect and past simple
Jobs
1c It’s much more
rewarding. p10
Intensifiers much, far, a lot, a bit with
comparative adjectives and adverbs
(not) as … as
Adjectives to describe work
3 RESPONSIBILITY
2 LIFE STORIES
1d Teenage fashion in Britain ACROSS CULTURES p12
SKILLS FOCUS: WRITING
2a I didn’t recognise
you. p14
Past simple
Prepositions: during, for
Show concern and
reassure
2b I wasn’t really
listening … p16
Past continuous and past simple with
when, while, as
Phrasal verbs with up
2c After getting up at
5 a.m., ... p18
Past simple and past perfect simple
after/before + gerund (-ing form)
Transport and travel
2d Milestones in travel CURRICULUM LINK p20
SKILLS FOCUS: READING
Language Revision 1: Units 1 & 2 p22
3a You’ll sleep in
tents. p24
Future tenses: will, going to, present
continuous
to be about to + infinitive
Food and kitchen equipment
3b I don’t have to ask
my parents. p26
must, mustn’t, should, ought to, have
(got) to, don’t have to, needn’t, had
better (not)
Gerund (-ing form) as subject and
object
Part-time jobs
3c Please let me go.
p28
make, let, allowed to
Invite, accept and
refuse with excuses
5 NATURAL WORLD
4 ENTERTAINMENT
3d A refugee’s story REAL LIFE ISSUE p30 SKILLS FOCUS: LISTENING AND SPEAKING
2
4a Phones which you
can fold up … p32
Defining and non-defining relative
clauses
4b The most fun I’ve
had for ages! p34
Present perfect simple with just,
already, before, never, ever, yet
Superlatives with the present perfect
simple
4c Ever since I was a
child … p36
Present perfect simple and
continuous with for and since
Present perfect simple for numbers
and amounts
Phrasal verbs with on
React to good and bad
news
Words connected with music
4d English literature ACROSS CULTURES p38
SKILLS FOCUS: WRITING
Language Revision 2: Units 3 & 4 p40
5a Unless they do
something, … p42
First conditional with if, unless,
provided that, as long as
Landscape and natural
environment
5b We won’t know
until we leave. p44
Future time clauses with when, until,
as soon as, by the time, before
Extreme weather and natural
disasters
5c In case it gets
cold … p46
in case + present simple
Camping equipment
5d Glaciers CURRICULUM LINK p48 SKILLS FOCUS: READING
Make and respond to
requests
6 IMAGINATION
Grammar
Vocabulary
6a If you were
invisible for a day,
… p50
Second conditional with would,
might, could
Transitive phrasal verbs
6b If only I had my
camera! p52
wish/if only + past simple
6c We didn’t mind
queuing. p54
Verb with infinitive or gerund
9 IN THE NEWS
8 RIGHT OR NOT?
7 COMMUNICATE
6d The end-of-year party REAL LIFE ISSUE p56
SKILLS FOCUS: LISTENING AND SPEAKING
7a He asked me if I
had a website. p60
Reported statements and questions
7b You suggested
getting a taxi. p62
Reported speech with verbs of
reporting
7c In spite of your
faults, … p64
Clauses and linkers of contrast
7d 21st century communication ACROSS CULTURES p66
Function
Ask for and give advice
Noun suffixes -ion, -ment, -ity,
and -y
Language Revision 3: Units 5 & 6 p58
Phone messages
Relationship words and
phrases
SKILLS FOCUS: WRITING
8a He shouldn’t have
left it there. p68
should have/ought to have
Apologise for past
mistakes
8b It can’t be easy.
p70
must/can’t/might/could for
deductions in the present
Phrasal verbs with away
8c He can’t have
drowned. p72
must have/can’t have/might have/
could have for deductions in the
past
Crime
8d Charity work CURRICULUM LINK p74
SKILLS FOCUS: READING
Language Revision 4: Units 7 & 8 p76
9a The telephone
was invented. p78
The passive: present simple, past
simple, present perfect, past perfect
The media
9b They’re being
followed. p80
The passive: present continuous, past
continuous and future simple
9c It ought to be
stopped. p82
The passive: modals, gerund (-ing
form) and infinitive
Give opinions, agree
and disagree
Adjective and noun formation
10 MONEY
9d Work experience REAL LIFE ISSUE p84 SKILLS FOCUS: LISTENING AND SPEAKING
10a If he had sold the
ring, … p86
Third conditional with would have
Verbs connected with money
10b If only we’d had
the money! p88
wish/if only + past perfect
Phrasal verbs with out
10c I might not have
done so well. p90
Third conditional with might have
10d Social customs ACROSS CULTURES p92
SKILLS FOCUS: WRITING
Give and accept
congratulations
Language Revision 5: Units 9 & 10 p94
Extra practice p96 Word bank p108 Pronunciation p110 Writing bank p112 Word list p117 Irregular verbs p120
3
1a
Grammar
Present simple and present continuous
Question tags
Vocabulary Clothes, styles, accessories and patterns
Function
Shop for clothes
Get started
1 LIFESTYLES
1
1
Dialogue
2
1
01
Lisa:
Ryan:
Josh:
Ryan:
Lisa:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Lisa:
Sophie:
Josh:
Sophie:
Lisa:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Josh:
Listen and read. Where does Sophie make her T-shirts?
Come on, Ryan. The market closes in half an hour. What are
you after?
I’m looking for a shirt. I’m going to a wedding on July 2nd.
That’s next Saturday.
That’s right. So I want something plain and smart.
Hey, that T-shirt’s nice. I like baggy T-shirts and
I love the design on it.
But I need a shirt, not a T-shirt. Anyway, the design looks
a bit weird.
Hey, Lisa! How’s it going?
Oh, hi Sophie. What are you doing here?
I’m working. I make these clothes at home and then I sell
them here every other Saturday.
Is it your stall?
No, it’s my aunt’s.
You don’t know Ryan or Josh, do you?
No, I don’t. Hi, guys. Nice to meet you.
I like your clothes. They’re really original.
Thanks. That’s a cool T-shirt, isn’t it?
This one? Oh, er ... yes. It’s great! I’ll take it.
But Ryan, you’re looking for a shirt not a T-shirt!
What are you after? r something (plain) r Anyway
r How’s it going? r every other (Saturday)
r
Comprehension
3
Answer the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
4
Sophie
Where do you buy your clothes? Do you like shopping
for clothes?
What does Ryan want to buy? a shirt
What does Lisa like about the T-shirt?
What does Ryan think of the T-shirt at first?
What day of the week does Sophie work on the stall?
What does Ryan decide to buy?
2
1a
Ryan
Josh
Lisa
4
7
5
6
8
3
Vocabulary: Clothes,
styles, accessories and
patterns
4a
Recall How many
words can you remember
for each of these
sections: Clothes,
Styles, Accessories and
Patterns? Write lists, then
check in the Word
bank on page 108.
Clothes: jacket, …
Styles: baggy, …
b
1
02
Extension Use the
words below to name
the items in the photo.
Which items are not in the
photo?
c
Describe what the
people in the photo
are wearing.
Ryan’s wearing
patterned green
combat trousers.
1 bandana
rCBOEBOBrCBOHMF
rDPNCBUUSPVTFST
rGMFFDFrGMJQGMPQT
rIBJSCBOErIJHIIFFMT
rKVNQFSrMFHHJOHT
rTVJUrUJFrUJHIUT
rUSBDLTVJUUPQ
rUSBDLTVJUCPUUPNT
S ? LVE IT!
5
Read the dialogue
again. What date
will Sophie next
work at the market?
5
1a
Grammar
Grammar
Present simple and present
continuous
Present simple
1 I want something plain and smart.
2 I make these clothes at home.
3 I sell them here every other Saturday.
4 The market closes in half an hour.
Present continuous
5 I’m looking for a shirt.
6 I’m going to a wedding on 2nd July.
Match the sentences (1–6) to the uses of
the tenses (a–f).
We use the present simple for:
a) permanent situations, b) routines,
c) timetabled events in the future,
d) stative verbs (e.g. be, believe, need, etc.).
We use the present continuous for:
e) events happening now or around now,
f) future arrangements.
Question tags
A: That’s a cool T-shirt, isn’t it?
B: Yes, it is.
A: You’re in Lisa’s class at school, aren’t you?
B: Yes, I am.
A: You don’t know Ryan or Josh, do you?
B: No, I don’t.
A: Your aunt’s got a market stall, hasn’t she?
B: Yes, she has.
Choose the correct options.
1 If the main verb is positive, the question tag
is positive / negative.
2 If the main verb is negative, the question tag
is positive / negative.
Practice
7
1
2
3
4
Your name’s Maria, isn't it?
You live near me, ___?
You’ve got a brother, ___?
Your favourite band is the Chilli Peppers,
___?
5 You don’t like Beyoncé, ___?
6 You’re learning to play the piano, ___?
:PVBSFOUFOKPZJOHUIJTFYFSDJTF
@@@
8 You’ve got a new MP3 player, ___?
9 My questions aren’t annoying, ___?
Practice
6
Complete the statements with the correct
question tag.
Complete the newsletter with the present
simple or continuous form of the verbs
from the box.
rTUVEZrDPODFOUSBUFrNBLFrHP
rTFMMrLOPXrFYUFOE
Pronunciation: Intonation in
question tags
8
1
03
Go to page 110.
Speak
9
knows
Now ask your partner the questions in
Exercise 7, changing the information
where necessary. Make sure you choose
the correct intonation.
A: Your name’s Maria, isn’t it?
B: Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
A: You live near me, don’t you?
B: Yes, I do./No, I don’t. I live …
6
1a
Use your English: Shop for clothes
Offer help
Can I help you?
Do you need any help?
Dialogue
10
1
04
Listen and read. Does Ryan buy
the shirt?
Man: Can I help you?
Ryan: Yes, I’m looking for a shirt. Have you got this
one in a larger size? This is a Small.
Man: One moment. I’ll see. … Yes, here’s a Medium.
Ryan: Can I try it on?
Man: Sure. There’s a changing room over there.
Ryan: Thanks. … What do you think, Josh?
Josh: Well, it’s not exactly my style, but that dark
colour suits you.
Ryan: It’s fine for a wedding. How much is it?
Josh: Let’s have a look. … It’s £39.
Ryan: £39! Forget it!
Man: Is it any good?
Ryan: Er … No, sorry. It’s not quite right. I’ll leave it,
thank you.
Comprehension
11
Say what you want
:FT
QMFBTF*NMPPLJOHGPSBTIJSUTPNFKFBOT
Yes, can I try this shirt/it/them on?
Yes, have you got this shirt in a different
colour/a larger size/a smaller size/size 14?
/P
UIBOLT*NKVTUMPPLJOH
Comment
It’s/They’re a bit big/small/tight/baggy/
long/short.
I think I need a smaller/larger size.
It suits me./It doesn’t suit me.
It looks good. How much is it?
Make a decision
It’s perfect/great. I’ll take it.
This one’s fine. I’ll have it, please.
No, sorry. It’s not quite right. I’ll leave it.
12
1
04
Listen again to the dialogue in Exercise
10. Then make similar conversations. You
want to buy the following:
BKVNQFSmTNBMMFSTJ[F mb
TPNFDPNCBUUSPVTFSTmEJGGFSFOUDPMPVS mb
TPNFTBOEBMTmMBSHFSTJ[F mb
BUSBDLTVJUmEJGGFSFOUTUZMF mb
BTIJSUmEJGGFSFOUQBUUFSO mb
Choose the correct option.
The shirt Ryan tries on is:
a) a small size b) white
c) good for a wedding d) quite cheap
Extra practice
For more practice, go to page 96.
7
1b
Grammar
Present perfect simple with for and
since
Present perfect and past simple
Read
2
Vocabulary Jobs
1
05
Listen and read the article. Who has got
two jobs?
Comprehension
Vocabulary: Jobs
1
Recall Work in pairs. List as many jobs
as you can think of, then tell the class.
Whose list is the longest? Check the
Word bank on page 108.
When we think of showbiz, most of us
imagine a life of bright lights, flashy cars,
designer clothes and huge mansions. Well,
it isn’t always like that! We went in search of
three people whose showbiz jobs are a little
less glamorous.
Angela Smith is a dancer on a Caribbean
cruise ship.
How long have you had this job, Angela? It
sounds amazing!
I’ve worked on this ship for about a month now.
Last year I was on one which went round the
Med!
What’s your job like?
Well, the Caribbean is fantastic, but it’s hard
work and the conditions aren’t great. My
cabin’s tiny! But I get lots of
free time and I love
travelling the world.
What about the money?
It isn’t bad and it’s easy
to save because
nearly everything
JTGSFFmGPPE
accommodation,
even some
clothes. I’ve
saved quite a lot
since I KPJOFE this
ship.
8
3
Answer true (T), false (F) or doesn’t say (DS).
1 Angela has worked on more than one ship. T
"OHFMBMPWFTFWFSZUIJOHBCPVUIFSKPC
3 Christine has got nice hands.
4 Christine has met some celebrities.
5 Steve first worked as an extra when he was a child.
Christine James has a very weird job –
she’s a hand double!
Can you explain what you
do, Christine?
Sometimes a film or an
advert needs a close-up of
hands, but the actress
or model doesn’t
have nice enough
hands. Then they
use mine. It’s trick
photography!
I bet it’s fun!
It is. I’ve done it for
a couple of years now
and I’ve loved every
minute. Since I started, I’ve
worked with lots of famous
people. I’m not saying who, it’s top secret!
Steve Morris works as a TV and film
extra.
How did you get into this, Steve?
A few years ago, a TV company filmed some
scenes in our village. I worked as an extra in
some crowd scenes and after that I signed up
with an agency.
Have you got another job, too?
0IZFT
UIJTJTKVTUBIPCCZ*NBDUVBMMZB
teacher!
1b
Grammar
5a
Steve Norton plays bass guitar in the rock
band Tastic. Use the prompts to complete
the questions and answers. Then practise the
dialogue in pairs.
Present perfect simple with for and
since; past simple
Which verbs are in the present perfect simple
tense? Which are in the past simple? Write PPS
or PS.
)PXMPOHCFQBSUPG5BTUJD
Interviewer: How long have you been part
of Tastic?
Steve: I’ve been part of Tastic since 2010.
2 Where/be/born? (Canada)
3 How long/live/in the UK? (I was six)
4 Who/teach/you to play the guitar? (my uncle)
5 Where/go/to university? (in London)
6 What/study? (Music)
7 How long/know/the other band members? (my
first day at school)
8 When/start/your school of rock? (last year)
1 I’ve worked on this ship for a month. PPS
2 I’ve saved quite a lot since I joined this ship.
3 Last year I was on one which went round the
Med!
4 A few years ago, a TV company filmed some
scenes in our village.
5 I worked as an extra in some crowd scenes.
6 After that I signed up with an agency.
Choose the correct options.
1 We use the present perfect simple to talk about
events that are finished / events that are
linked to the present.
2 We use the past simple to talk about events
that are finished / events that are linked to the
present.
3 Since is used for a point in time / a period in
time.
4 For is used for a point in time / a period in time.
b
1 Steve Norton has been part of Tastic since
2010. He ...
Listen
6
Jack Clark is a TV camera operator. Complete
the dialogue with the past simple or present
perfect simple form of the verb in brackets, or
short answers.
Reporter: How long 1have you been (you/be) a
camera operator, Jack?
Jack:
I 2 IBWF
NZQSFTFOUKPCGPSUXP
years. Before that I 3
(work) for a
small film company.
4
(you/ever/do) a special training
Reporter:
course?
Jack:
No, I 5
(have). I 6
(study)
photography at university and then I 7
HFU
UIFKPCXJUIUIFGJMNDPNQBOZ
I8
(not earn) much, but they 9
(teach) me a lot. And since I
(start)
(learn) lots more!
UIJTKPC
*11
Reporter: 8IBUTUIFCFTUUIJOHBCPVUUIFKPC
Jack:
I 12 FOKPZ
FWFSZUIJOHBCPVUJUTJODF
day one. I love it.
1
06
Listen to the interview
and answer the questions
in pairs.
1 Who does Anna Nichols
work for?
a television company
2 What does she do?
3 What is she working
on at the moment?
4 How long has she
IBEUIJTKPC
5 What did she do
before that?
6 How did she get
UIFKPC
Practice
4
Now write eight sentences about Steve
Norton.
Speak
7
Discuss the question.
8IJDIQFSTPOJOUIJTMFTTPOIBTHPUUIFCFTUKPC
8IPIBTHPUUIFXPSTUKPC (JWFSFBTPOT
Extra practice
For more practice, go to page 96.
9
1c
Grammar
Intensifiers much, far, a lot, a bit with
DPNQBSBUJWFBEKFDUJWFTBOEBEWFSCT
(not) as … as
Vocabulary "EKFDUJWFTUP
describe work
A
B
C
Read
1
10
1
07
Listen and read the magazine article. Then match the photos to the teenagers’ comments.
1c
Comprehension
Practice
2
4
Complete the statements and name the
speakers.
1 Today is far hotter than yesterday. (hot/far)
2 This bed is ___ my old one. (comfortable/much)
3 Can you try to write ___ ? (carefully/a bit)
"OHFMJOBJTKVTU@@@#SBEGBNPVT
5 I feel ___ today than yesterday. (bad/a lot)
6 Please can you drive ___ . (slowly/a bit)
7 Teaching isn’t ___ web-designing. (well-paid)
8 I see my grandparents ___ now than before.
(frequently/a lot)
1 A university degree helps you to … get a much
better job. Robbie
2 Working in a supermarket is …
3 It costs a lot to …
4 There are many well-qualified people in …
5 You learn a lot when you …
6 To get to university, I must …
Vocabulary: Adjectives to describe work
3
1
08
Say which adjectives are positive and
which are negative.
Positive: creative, …
5
Negative: badly-paid, …
rCBEMZQBJErCPSJOHrDSFBUJWFrEBOHFSPVT
rEVMMrFEVDBUJPOBMrFYDJUJOHrHMBNPSPVT
rJOUFSFTUJOHrSFXBSEJOHrTBGFrTUSFTTGVM
rUJSJOHrXFMMQBJErXPSUIXIJMF
Grammar
Complete with a comparative form of the
adjective or adverb in brackets, or (not) as … as.
Compare the choices below for schoolleavers. Use the comparative form of the
adjectives in Exercise 3 and intensifiers.
Backpacking abroad is much (far/a lot) more
exciting than doing a temporary job.
Doing a temporary job isn’t as exciting as
backpacking abroad.
Choices for school-leavers
%PJOHBUFNQPSBSZKPCCBDLQBDLJOHBCSPBE
(PJOHUPVOJWFSTJUZHFUUJOHBGVMMUJNFKPC
3 Doing voluntary work/working in a factory
Intensifiers much, far, a lot, a bit with
comparative adjectives and adverbs;
(not) as … as
Comparative adjectives
It’s much/far/a lot/a bit cheaper to live at home
than travel abroad.
5IJTKPCJTnot) as exciting as people think.
Comparative adverbs
*DBOHFUBKPCJOBTIPQmuch/far/a lot/a bit
more easily than in a studio.
It costs much/far/a lot/a bit more/less to live at
home.
They don’t pay as badly as you think.
Speak
6
Make rules
1 To make a comparison stronger, you add
words like ___ , ___ and ___ before the
DPNQBSBUJWFBEKFDUJWF
2 To compare two things which may be the
same, you use ___ .
Look at the examples of comparatives in the
magazine article. Which are adjectives and
which are adverbs?
Talk about you. Which of the activities in
Exercise 5 would you prefer to do when you
leave school and why?
Write
7
Write your own paragraph for the magazine
article in Exercise 1. Say what things you want
to do when you leave school.
When I leave school, I’d like to … . I think that
sounds more …
Extra practice
For more practice, go to page 96.
11
1d
ACROSS CULTURES
SKILLS FOCUS: WRITING
Fraser
Maddy
Jay
NEW WORDS
12
t designer tbeyond someone’s budget t tend to t mix and match t image t fashionable t developing
t child labour t shoppers t recycled t product t renewable t source t Fairtrade t ensure
t manufacture t proper t wage tethical t realistic t bargain t unusual t look (n) t car boot
t bothered t beanie t stuff t plant (v)
1d
Get started
Listen
1
5
What sort of clothes and styles are fashionable in
your country at the moment?
Read
2
Read the article. Where do British teenagers
usually buy their clothes?
Comprehension
Answer true (T) or false (F).
1 The average British teenager doesn’t care
about clothes.
2 All high-street clothes today are very expensive.
3 Some factories use child labour.
4 Ethical fashion has become more popular
in recent years.
b
Write
WRITING TIP: COLLECT AND
ORGANISE YOUR IDEAS
Tick the correct box.
Who:
Fraser Maddy
Before you start to write, take time to collect
and organise your ideas. First, make a list of all
your ideas in any order. Then organise them into
groups under headings.
Now do Exercise 6.
Jay
1 likes to spend as little as
possible on clothes?
2 is interested in clothes
manufacturing?
6a
You are going to write an article called
‘The factors which influence my choice of
clothes’. First, match the headings with the
ideas (a–e).
3 doesn’t care about most
high-street fashion?
4 likes to shop ethically?
r "EWFSUJTJOHBOEUIFNFEJB b
r 0QJOJPOTPGGSJFOET
r .POFZ
r 1FSTPOBMFYQSFTTJPO
r (FOFSBMTVJUBCJMJUZ
5 only wears trainers?
6 likes to look different
from other people?
Speak
4
Talk about you.
1 Which of the three teenagers are you most similar
to? In what way?
2 Apart from clothes, what other things are ‘fashion
items’ among your friends?
3 How interested are people in your country in ethical
fashion?
Listen to Dan talking about his fashion
style and interests
and complete the
information.
1 Favourite item of
clothing: hoodies
2 Why he likes them:
3 What else he wears:
4 Clothes for special
occasions:
5 Favourite music:
6 Weekend activities:
1
09
3a
1
10
I’m influenced by:
a) how much the clothes cost.
b) what magazines say is fashionable.
c) the clothes that my friends like.
d) how comfortable/practical/adaptable the
clothes are.
e) if the clothes reflect my lifestyle and opinions.
b
Now put the ideas in order of importance
for you.
c
Write the article. Use your notes from
Exercises 6a and 6b to help you.
The factors which influence my choice of clothes
Why do I choose the clothes that I do? There are
several factors that influence my choice. The first
is …
13
2a
Grammar
Past simple
Prepositions: during, for
Function
Show concern and reassure
rNo
Dialogue
2 LIFE STORIES
1
Listen and read.
How did Sophie get
interested in rollerblading?
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
Sophie:
Ryan:
14
2
01
problem.
r I bet you’re glad …
r get the hang of it
r I’d better get going.
r I could do with (a coffee).
Are you OK? Did you hurt yourself?
No, I’m fine. Don’t worry.
It’s Sophie, isn’t it? We met last weekend at the market.
Yes, I remember. You bought one of my T-shirts.
That’s right. I didn’t recognise you in your helmet.
Are you sure you’re OK?
Yes, no problem.
What happened?
I swerved to avoid a skateboarder and I lost
my balance.
I bet you’re glad you wore kneepads.
Yes, I am. I fell over twice yesterday, but
I’m beginning to get the hang of it.
When did you start learning?
Not long ago. A Dutch friend came to stay for a few
days during the holidays and she gave me some
lessons. Well, I’d better get going.
Do you fancy going for a coffee first?
Um … yes, OK. I didn’t have breakfast this morning, so
I could do with a coffee and a cake or something.
(SFBU*NRVJUFIVOHSZNZTFMG
Comprehension
2
Choose the correct options.
1 Ryan first met Sophie …
a) at the market.
b) in a shop.
2 Ryan didn’t recognise her at
first because she had …
a) a new T-shirt.
b) something on her head.
3 Sophie fell over when she tried
to avoid someone on …
a) a bike.
b) a skateboard.
4 Sophie …
a) has done lots of rollerblading.
b) is a beginner.
5 Sophie wanted to try
rollerblading after she saw …
a) a friend doing it.
b) a TV programme about it.
2a
Grammar
Past simple
Speak
4
I swerved to avoid a skateboarder.
We met last weekend/a week ago.
I didn’t recognise you.
When did you start?
Did you hurt yourself?
You are a reporter who is going to interview
Geoff Rowley. Look at Exercise 3 and write some
questions. Then roleplay an interview in pairs.
A: Where were you born, Geoff?
B: In Liverpool. That’s where I grew up.
A: When did you become …?
Find nine irregular past tense forms in the
dialogue. Then check the list of irregular verbs
on page 120.
Pronunciation: Intonation of
Wh- questions
Prepositions: during and for
5
A Dutch friend came to stay for a few days during
the holidays.
Which word tells you ‘how long’ and which
word tells you ‘when’?
Practice
3
Complete the article. Choose during or for and
write the past simple.
rQSBDUJTFrHSPXVQrWPUFrXJOrNPWF
rCFrFOUFSrCFDPNFrHJWF
Professional skateboarder
Geoff Rowley 1was born and
2
___ in Liverpool. He 3___
interested in skateboarding
at the age of twelve.
4
’During / For the holidays
I was on my skateboard from
morning to night. I 5___ all
day and every day 6during /
for seven years,’ said Rowley.
In 1995, he 7___ his first
competition. Between 1995
and 2000 he 8___ a medal in
almost every competition.
In 2000, the skateboard
magazine Thrasher 9___ him
the Skater of the Year award.
He 10___ to California
11
during / for the summer of
1999. In 2007, Thrasher 12___
him ‘one of the best loved
skaters of all time’.
2
02
Go to page 110.
Use your English: Show concern
and reassure
Show concern
Are you OK/all right?
Are you sure?
Did you hurt yourself?
Can I do anything?
Can I give you a hand?
Reassure
Don’t worry. I’m fine.
Really, I’m OK.
No problem.
Question
What happened?
What on earth
happened?
Explanation
I swerved to avoid
a skateboarder.
I lost my balance.
6
2
03
Listen to parts of the dialogue from
Exercise 1 again. Then read the situations
below and roleplay conversations in pairs.
Student A: Start the conversation.
Student B: Invent your responses.
1 You are walking down the road when you
see your friend, Student B, picking up his
books from the pavement. Show concern
and ask what happened.
2 Your younger brother, Student B, has
spent the afternoon in the park with his
friends. When you go to meet him, his knee
is bleeding. Ask what happened.
3 Your sister, Student B, arrives home from a
party. She looks pale and upset. She had
an argument with somebody. Ask her if
she is all right and what the argument was
about.
Extra practice
For more practice, go to page 97.
15
2b
Grammar
Past continuous and past simple with
when, while, as
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs with up
Embarrassing
stories
Get started
1
Which is the most embarrassing situation for
you?
r :PVGPSHFUTPNFPOFTOBNF
r :PVCSFBLTPNFUIJOHJOBGSJFOETIPVTF
r :PVXFBSUIFXSPOHDMPUIFTUPBQBSUZ
r :PVSQIPOFSJOHTJOUIFDJOFNB
Read
2
2
04
Listen and read the webpage. What
three things embarrassed josie157?
We all have an embarrassing story to tell.
Write and tell us yours! We promise not to laugh!
At our last school prize day I was sitting
in the back row of the hall. While the
head teacher was calling out the winners’
names, I wasn’t really listening (I never usually
win anything!). Then I thought she said my
name. I stood up and walked to the front.
But when I got on to the stage, the head
teacher was giving the prize to someone else.
Everyone laughed at me and I wanted to
disappear.
billy16
While I was
having dinner at
my best friend’s
house, I spilt some
tomato sauce on the
tablecloth. That was bad
enough, but then I tried
to clean it with a tissue.
As I was rubbing the
stain, I knocked over a
glass and it broke. My
friend’s mum tried to
cheer me up with stories
about worse things that
IBWFIBQQFOFEmCVU*
KVTUXBOUFEUPSVOBXBZ
Then, when I got
home, I realised there
was tomato sauce on
my top as well.
josie157
16
Last Saturday my friend and I were
waiting at a supermarket checkout when
a boy outside started waving at me. I
wasn’t sure who he was, but I smiled and
waved back anyway. My friend said, ‘Who’s
UIBU BOE*TBJEDBTVBMMZ
A0I
KVTUBGSJFOE
Then a girl behind me suddenly shouted,
‘Oh, hi!’ and she ran over to him. They were
obviously good friends. I felt really stupid with
TinaT
a silly smile on my face.
2b
Comprehension
Practice
3
5
Answer true (T), false (F) or doesn’t say (DS).
1
2
3
4
5
billy16 won a school prize. F
billy16 went on to the stage.
TinaT was shopping with a friend.
TinaT waved at someone she knew.
josie157 managed to clean the tablecloth.
1 When the waiter gave (give) me the bill,
I
(not have) enough money.
2 I
(break) a glass while I
(wash)
up.
3 As Anna
(introduce) me to her friend,
(forget) my name.
she
4 Tom’s face
(go) red when the
teacher
(ask) him a question.
5 The chair
(break) when Amy
(sit)
down.
6 While Sam
(walk) to school, he
(realise) he was wearing odd socks.
Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs with up
4
2
05
Complete the sentences with the correct
phrasal verb.
rDIFFSVQrHJWFVQrNBLFVQrQJDLVQ
rTUBOEVQrUBLFVQrUVSOVQ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
You’ve dropped some rubbish. Please pick it up.
Don’t be sad.
!
I need some exercise. I think I’ll
KPHHJOH
Please be on time. Don’t
late.
Don’t sit down.
!
Think of a good story.
one
!
This puzzle is impossible. Let’s
.
Complete the sentences with the past
simple or past continuous form of the
verb in brackets.
6
Complete the questions with the past
simple or past continuous form of the
verb.
1 A: What/the students/do/when/the fire
bell/ring?
What were the students doing when
the fire bell rang?
B: They were having their lunch.
A: What/they/do?
B: They left the building and stood
outside.
Grammar
Past continuous and past simple with while,
when, as
Past continuous
I was sitting in the back row of the hall.
Past continuous + past simple with when, while, as
When I got on to the stage, the head teacher was giving
the prize to someone else.
While I was having dinner, I spilt some tomato sauce.
As I was rubbing the stain, I knocked over a glass.
While/As the head teacher was calling out the names, I
wasn't listening.
2 A:
B:
A:
B:
it/rain/when/you/get/off the train?
Yes, it was. It was horrible.
What/you/do?
I ran home fast.
3 A:
B:
A:
B:
Where/you be/when/you/get/my text?
I was at home.
What/you/do?
I was watching TV.
Past simple + past simple with when
Write
When I got home, I realised there was tomato sauce on
my top.
7
Choose the correct options.
1 Use the past simple / past continuous for actions that
were in progress at a time in the past.
2 Use the past simple / past continuous for completed
actions in the past.
Write an embarrassing story for the
webpage in Exercise 2. It can be true or
you can make it up.
My most embarrassing moment was
when ...
Extra practice
For more practice, go to page 97.
17
2c
Grammar
Past simple and past perfect simple
after/before + gerund (-ing form)
Get started
1
Vocabulary Transport and travel
How long does your journey to
school take? Tell the class. Whose
journey to school is the longest?
The longest journey to school
in the world
another bus before boarding the first of two trains
BU'JOBMMZ
IFXBMLFEGPSUFONJOVUFTbefore
arrivingBUTDIPPMKVTUJOUJNFGPSIJTàSTUDMBTT
Santiago became a minor celebrity after appearing
in a photographic exhibition called ‘Journeys to
4DIPPM)JTKPVSOFZXBTPOFPGUIFMPOHFTUJO
the world, but it wasn’t the hardest or the most
dangerous. A Brazilian boy travelled across a
desert on a donkey to get to his school, and a Thai
girl walked for forty minutes before getting on a
rickshaw.
After becoming famous, Santiago had a lucky
break. A hurricane had affected the area where he
lived, so the local housing authority offered his family
a new apartment nearer the school. ‘The best thing
now is that I can stay in bed a bit longer and spend
NPSFUJNFXJUINZGSJFOET(SFBUSFTVMU
How would you like to spend five hours a day
travelling to and from school? That’s what a New
York teenager did for the first year of his high
school life.
At the age of fourteen, Santiago Muñoz, who lived in
Queens, New York, was determined to go the High
School of Science in the Bronx in the north of New
York City, twenty-six miles away. He wanted to go
there because he had heard it was the best science
school in the country. ‘To be successful, you have to
sacrifice,’ he said.
4BOUJBHPTKPVSOFZUPTDIPPMXBTMPOHBOE
complicated. After getting up at 5 a.m, he set off
GSPNIPNFUPDBUDIBCVTBU)FUIFOHPUPO
Read
Vocabulary: Transport and travel
2
5a
2
06
Listen and read the article. How
did Santiago become famous?
Recall Write all the forms of transport you can
remember next to the headings. Then check the Word
bank on page 108.
Comprehension
3
Choose the correct option.
1 Santiago travelled for two and a half
hours once / twice a day.
)FTUBSUFEIJTKPVSOFZBU5.00 / 5.50 a.m.
3 He travelled on one bus / two buses
and one train / two trains.
4 Photographs of him / which he took
appeared in an exhibition.
)JTKPVSOFZXBTOPUUIFhardest / longest.
S ? LVE IT!
4
18
What time did Santiago’s
first class start?
Land: train, … Sea: … Air: …
5
2
07
Extension Complete the sentences with verbs and
phrases from the box.
rDIBOHFCVTFTUSBJOTQMBOFT
rDZDMFrESJWFrGMZ
rHFUBMJGUrHFUJOPVUPGBDBS
rHFUPOHFUPGGBCVT
USBJOQMBOF
rHPCZDBSCVTUSBJOQMBOFCPBUCJLF
rHPPOGPPUrSJEFBCJLFNPUPSCJLF
rTBJMrXBML
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
When you get off the train, go and wait outside the station.
I want to walk, let’s go
.
You’re on the wrong bus!
UPBOVNCFS
It’s too far to walk. Perhaps we can
from someone.
Could you stop the car, please? I want to
here.
Always wear a helmet when you
a bike.
Christopher Columbus went
to the USA. These days
we usually go
!
.ZCSPUIFSTKVTUHPUBDBS
TPOPXIF
everywhere.
2c
7
School
Complete the text. Write the past
simple, the past perfect or the -ing
form of the verbs in the box.
rBSSJWFrEFDJEFrGBMMrNJTT
rTQFOErTUBSUY
rXBJU
.ZXPSTUKPVSOFZFWFSXBTMBTU
winter. My dad was driving me
to a basketball match about
twenty miles away. We had been in
the car for about ten minutes when
in a
it 1started to snow. After 2
USBGàDKBNGPSBCPVUBOIPVS
XF
3
NPWJOHBHBJOmWFSZTMPXMZ8F
4
the match by then, so we 5
to
go home. However, the roads were
closed because so much snow 6 .
After 7
the night in the car, we
8
finally
home the next morning.
What a nightmare!
Home
New York City
Grammar
Listen
8
Past simple and past perfect simple
He wanted to go there because he had heard it was the
best science school in the country.
A hurricane had affected the area, so the local housing
authority offered his family a new apartment.
after/before + gerund (-ing form)
After getting upBUBN
IFTFUPGGUPDBUDIBCVTBU
He walked for ten minutes before arriving at school.
Practice
Complete the sentences. Write the past simple, the past
perfect simple or the -ing form of the verbs.
1 I had to buy a new ticket because I’d lost the first one.
(have to/lose)
2 After
a seat on the train, Pete
asleep. (find/fall)
3 The bus
our bus stop because it
. (not reach/break
down)
4 We
the train times before
the house. (check/leave)
5 When I
to the station the train
. (get/already go)
6 Kate
really tired after
five miles home. (be/walk)
In 2012, a Dutch teenager,
Laura Dekker, became the youngest
person to sail around the world.
Listen and complete the missing
information.
1 Laura was fourteen when she set off
around the world.
2 The Dutch authorities had tried to
stop her because she was
.
3 She waited
for permission.
4 She was born on
.
5 It took her
to sail around the
world.
the
6 She stopped a lot to rest, to
boat and to avoid
.
7 She also flew home to the
Netherlands and stayed for
.
Choose the correct option.
The past perfect describes events that happened a very
long time ago / before other events in the past simple.
6
2
08
Speak
9
Tell your partner about a journey
you’ll never forget or a journey you’d
like to take. Then tell the class.
Extra practice
For more practice, go to page 98.
19
2d
CURRICULUM LINK HISTORY
SKILLS FOCUS: READING
NEW WORDS
tair show t circle (v) t vocation t solo t ambitious t tragically t apply t space t expedition t space station
t launch t wealth t non-stop t glider t altitude t wreckage
20
2d
Get started
1
Which famous people do you
know who are connected with
travel and transport?
5a
Look at the dictionary entry for vocation and answer
the questions.
vocation /vəʊˈkeɪʃən/ n [c] a job that you do because
you have a very strong feeling that doing this job is
the purpose of your life
Read
2
1 How do you pronounce the word?
2 What part of speech is it? Is it countable or uncountable?
3 What does it mean?
2
09
Read the article and
complete the ‘Famous
achievement’ for each person.
b
Comprehension
3
Say why these years were
important for each person.
1 Amelia Earhart: 1917
It was the year when she took
her first trip in a plane.
2 Amelia Earhart: 1932
3 Helen Sharman: 1991
4UFWF'PTTFUU
4UFWF'PTTFUU
4
Answer the questions.
1 What event made Amelia
Earhart decide to become a
pilot? an air show
8IFOEJETIFCFHJOIFSKPVSOFZ
around the world?
3 How did Helen Sharman know
BCPVUUIFBTUSPOBVUKPC
4 How many people applied for
UIFKPC
5 How could Steve Fossett afford
his adventures?
6 Where was he when he broke
the record for gliders?
Listen
6
2
10
Listen to a radio programme where speakers choose
their transport heroes and give reasons why. Complete the
information in the chart.
Transport heroes
Country
Achievement
The Wright Brothers
Orville Wright
m1948)
USA
1 Designed and built the first
real ___ in 19___.
2 ___ a steering system.
Henry Ford
m@@@
___
1 Produced ___
2 By 1918, ___
3 Invented ___
NASA
(created in ___ )
___
1 In 19___, it put ___.
2 It developed the ___
shuttle.
3 It helped to build the ___.
Speak
7a
Which of the famous people do you think is the most
important in the history of transport? Why?
b
READING TIP: DICTIONARY
SKILLS (1)
If you need to use a dictionary, use
BHPPE&OHMJTIm&OHMJTIEJDUJPOBSZ
When you look up the meaning
of a new word, you will find other
useful information: for example,
how to pronounce the word and
what part of speech it is.
Now do Exercise 5.
Look up: solo, ambitious, expedition and wealth in a
dictionary and note the information. Write an example
sentence for each word.
Think of heroes from the history of your country. Do a class
survey and find out who is the most popular person.
Write
8
Write a short article about one of the heroes from your
survey in Exercise 7b. Use the article about Helen Sharman
in Exercise 2 and the questions below to help you.
r 8
IBUEJEUIJTQFSTPOEPCFGPSFIFTIFCFDBNFGBNPVT
r )PXEJEIFTIFTUBSU
r 8
IBUJNQPSUBOUFWFOUIFMQFEUPNBLFIJNIFSGBNPVT
21
1
4
Grammar (40 marks)
1
2
…/10
5
Complete with the past simple, past
continuous or past perfect tense.
…/8
Write comparative sentences.
4QBJOJTmuch hotter (hot) than France. MUCH
1 I don’t feel better. In fact, I feel ___ (bad) ___
yesterday. A BIT
2 The final was ___ (exciting) ___ the semi-final.
NOT AS
3 Yesterday’s exam was ___ (easy) ___ last
year’s.
A LOT
4 Delivering newspapers is ___ (rewarding) ___
working in a hospital. NOT AS
5IFCFBDIFTJO(SFFDFBOE5VSLFZBSF@@@
(good) ___ those in the UK. FAR
…/5
Write complete sentences with the present
perfect tense and for or since.
*OPUTFF3JDIBSEUISFFZFBST
I haven’t seen Richard for three years.
1 We/not be/to the cinema/last December
2 I/live here/ten years
3 Jeremy/wear glasses/several years
.ZDPVTJO+PFIBWFIJTESJWJOHMJDFODF
5 She/send ten text messages/she woke up
6 My dog/not eat anything/three days
7 He/know Emma/six months
…/7
3
8FWFTFFOUIJTGJMN
haven’t we?
1 You know the answer, ___?
2 She doesn’t like me, ___?
3 They weren’t angry, ___?
4 Josh can swim, ___?
5 Helen eats meat, ___?
6 The boys aren’t coming, ___?
7 I haven’t met Julian yet, ___?
8 This film is awful, ___?
9 Marianne has got a new laptop, ___?
:PVEJEOUCVZUIPTFKFBOT
@@@
Complete with the correct form of the verb.
)PXPGUFOdo you go (go) to the cinema?
1 My sister ___ (see) her boyfriend twice a
week.
2 Don’t disturb me. I ___ (do) my homework.
3 I like Sam. How long ___ (you/know) him?
4 I ___ (run) all the way to school this morning.
5 A: Where’s the ice cream?
B:4PSSZ*@@@KVTUGJOJTI
JU
6 She (recently/take up) ___ the piano. She loves
it.
7 Alex wasn’t there when I called. He ___
(already/leave).
8 Kevin arrived while we ___ (have) lunch.
9 After ___ (see) the film, he bought the DVD.
*XBTXBUDIJOH57XIFO*@@@IFBS
BCBOH
…/10
Complete with question tags.
Vocabulary (40 marks)
6
Put the words into the correct category. There
are six words in each category.
Clothes and
accessories
Footwear
Jobs
Transport
fleece
flip-flops
beautician
coach
were driving
rflip-flopsrfleecercoachrbeautician
rMFHHJOHTrIFMJDPQUFSrTIPFTrSFDFQUJPOJTU
rUSBDLTVJUUPQrGFSSZrCBOHMFrNFDIBOJD
rKVNQFSrUSBJOFSTrQPMJUJDJBOrIJHIIFFMT
rMPSSZrUJHIUTrTLJJOTUSVDUPSrNPQFErCPPUT
rWBOrFMFDUSJDJBOrTBOEBMT
…/10
22
1
7
8
Write the adjective to describe the job.
Use your English (20 marks)
:PVEPOUFBSOWFSZNVDINPOFZ*UTCadlypaid.
1 There’s nothing to do all day. It’s d__l.
2 It’s useful work. It’s w__e.
3 You use a lot of energy. It’s t__g.
:PVDBOHFUJOKVSFEJGZPVBSFOUDBSFGVM*UT
d__s.
5 You feel good when you get results. It’s r__g.
6 You travel to exciting places. It’s g__s.
7 You learn a lot while you do it. It’s e__l.
:PVKVTUTJUBUUIFUJMMBMMEBZ*UTC@@H
9 You get a chance to make things. It’s c__e.
5IFSFTBMXBZTUPPNVDIUPEP*UTT@@M
11 You get a good salary. It’s w__-p__.
12 You do something different every day. It’s
e__g.
…/12
10
Rewrite with the correct phrasal verb.
Turn up! It's your birthday tomorrow.
Cheer up! It's your birthday tomorrow.
1 This quiz is too difficult. I stand up.
2 Please take up when the teacher comes in.
3 Tell the truth. Don't give up stories.
4 What time should I hurry up?
5 My dad is going to stand up golf.
6 Could you wake up that paper from the floor?
…/6
9
Choose the correct phrase.
A: Do you ___?
a) want to help b) need to help
c) need any help
B: :FT
IBWFZPVHPUUIJTKVNQFS1___ different
colour? a) in a b) in c) with
A: Yes, we’ve got it in light blue.
B: Can I 2___, please?
a) try on b) try c) try it on
A: Sure. Over there … Is it any good?
B: It’s a bit small. 3___ in a larger size?
a) I want b) Have you got it c) Is it
A: Yes, here’s a size 12.
B: Thank you. What 4___, Anna?
a) do you think b) you think c) do you like
C: I’m sorry, but that colour 5___ you.
a) isn’t right b) doesn’t fit c) doesn’t suit
B: OK. 6___ it. It’s not quite right. Thank you.
a) I’m not having b) I’ll leave c) I leave …/12
11 Complete with the correct word.
rEPOUrIVSU
r*NrTVSF
rhappened
rOPrHJWF
rSJHIUrGJOF
Choose the correct option.
A: What happened? Are you all 1___?
B: Yes, 2___ OK. I was rollerblading and I fell off
my skates.
A: Did you 3___ yourself?
B: No, 4___ worry. I’m 5@@@*UTKVTUNZBSN
A: Really? Are you 6___?
B: Yes, 7___ problem.
A: Can I 8___ you a hand with that bag?
B: OK. Thanks.
…/8
2
11
…/12
LISTEN AND CHECK YOUR SCORE
(SBNNBS
w
Vocabulary
w
Phrases/Use your English
w
Total
…/100
23
3a
Grammar
Future tenses: will, going to, present
continuous
NEW PROGRAMMES FOR THE AUTUMN
to be about to + infinitive
Vocabulary Food and kitchen equipment
3 RESPONSIBILITY
Vocabulary: Food and kitchen
equipment
1a
Recall Make lists of all the food words
you know. Use the categories below.
Then check the Word bank on page 108.
rEBJSZrESJOLTrGJTIrGSVJU
rNFBUrPUIFSrSFTUBVSBOUGPPE
rTOBDLTrWFHFUBCMFT
b
3
01
Extension Match the pictures to
the words. Which words are not in the
pictures?
1 kettle
Crockery
rCPXMrDVQrQMBUFrTBVDFS
Read
Cutlery
rGPSLrLOJGFrTQPPO
3
Cooking utensils
rDBOUJO
PQFOFSrDIFFTFHSBUFS
rDIPQQJOHCPBSErGSZJOHQBOrLFUUMF
rQFFMFSrTBVDFQBOrTDBMFTrTJFWF
Listen and read the advertisement. In which
months will the TV show be filmed?
Comprehension
4
Answer true (T), false (F) or doesn’t say (DS).
The programme offers an unusual experience. T
You have to be eighteen to take part.
There will be ten boys and ten girls on the island.
People live on the island permanently.
Participants have to find all their fresh food.
There is cutlery in the kitchen.
The company are holding auditions two months
before the filming starts.
8 Many people are already talking about the show.
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
Speak
1
2
3
4
5
3
03
7
8
5
10
11
12
Pronunciation: Intonation in lists
2
24
3
02
Go to page 110.
Would you apply for this reality TV show?
Why?/Why not?
3a
Practice
6
Complete the sentences using will, going to or
the present continuous and the verb in brackets.
1 A: Where’s your wallet?
B: Oh, no! I’ve left it at home. I’ll go (go) back and
get it now.
2 A: Are you free tomorrow?
B: No, sorry. Paul and I ___ (play) five-a-side
football. We always play on a Thursday.
3 A: Where are you going?
B: To see Jenny. I’m fed up with our relationship.
I ___ (tell) her that it’s over.
4 A: Look! There isn’t a cloud in the sky!
B: Yes, it ___ (be) a lovely day.
5 A: Can I go out with Tanya tonight?
B: Sorry, absolutely not. Your grandmother ___
(arrive) in half an hour.
6 A: It’s an amazing story, isn’t it? But it’s a secret.
You can’t tell my mum.
B: OK. I ___ (not say) anything.
7
Grammar
Future tenses: will, going to, present
continuous
Match the sentences (1–6) to the rules (a–f).
1 What are you going to do?
2 Don’t worry. We’ll come back and get you.
3 We’re holding auditions on 31st January.
4 It will be a tough challenge.
5 It’s going to be a hit show.
6 There won’t be any running water.
To talk about the future we use:
tXJMM for a) predictions, b) future facts,
c) promises and decisions.
tHPJOHUP for d) plans and intentions,
e) predictions based on present evidence.
rUIFQSFTFOUDPOUJOVPVTGPS
f) fixed arrangements in the future.
to be about to + infinitive
Things are about to get exciting.
Use the verb to be + about to + infinitive for
something that will happen very soon.
Read the email from someone who auditioned for
the TV show. Choose the correct options.
)J(FPSHJOB
1
You ’ ll never guess / ’re never guessing what’s
happened. Last week I auditioned to take part in a
new reality TV show called Teen Island Challenge
and believe it or not they accepted me. 2I’m being /
’m going to be one of twenty teenagers spending a
month on an uninhabited Scottish island. How cool
is that! 3We’re flying / ’re about to fly to the island
POth July. I’ve told my friend Ralph about it and
before I go 4he’s going to teach / teaches me how to
make a fire! He’s really good at that sort of thing.
5
It is / ’ll be an amazing experience. I’ve thought
about it a lot and 6I’ll take / ’m going to take a video
camera and keep a diary. Anyway, 7I’m going to
give / ’ll give you a call when it’s over, I promise!
Wish me luck!
Keira
Speak
8
You are going to take part in Teen Island
Challenge. You can only take three things from
Exercise 1b. Which are you going to take? Why?
Extra practice
For more practice, go to page 98.
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