Bài tập vật lí 10 phần 1 lương duyên bình (chủ biên)

XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VI^T NAM



LUONG DUYfiN BINH (Chu bien)
NGUYfiN X U A N C H I - TO GIANG - VU QUANG - BUI GIA THINH

jBal tdp

(Tdi bdn ldn thii ndm)

. 5'

/O

•?

NHA X U A T BAN G I A O DUC V I E T NAM


Ban quyen thu6c Nha xuai ban Giao diic Vidt Nam
01 -2011 /CXB/816-1235/GD

Ma so : CB006T1


LcJi NOI oAu
Cac em hoc sinh yeu quy !
Cuon sach nay la ph&i bai tap di kem cu6'n sach
giao khoa va sach giao vien Vat If 10.
Phdn A la cac de bai t$p. Cac bai tap trong sach duoc bien

soan theo sat ndi dung ciia cac bai thudc ttoig chirong cua
sach giao khoa Vat li 10. Trong mOi bai, cac bai tap dugc sSp
xep theo mtic do tii dl dd'n kho, bat ddu la cac bai tap trdc
nghidm, tid'p sau la cac bai tap tir luan. Cu6'i m6i chuong la
cac bai tap tdng hop, ddi ch6 co xen vao mot vai bai d6' '/ui.
Cac bai tap co danh da'u sao (*) la cac bai tap kho.
Cdn chii y rSng, ddi vdi cac bai trie nghidm dang nhieu lira
chon (multiple choice questions), neu chi ndu cac dap an ma
khdng CO ldnh gi khae thi dupc hieu la "Hay chon dap an dting".
Phdn B la bai giai, hudng ddn giai hoac dap so. Cac em
hay cd' gdng tim ra dap sd ciia mdi bai tap tmdc khi doc phdn nay.
Chtic cac em hoc td't va ngay cang ydu thich mdn Vdt If!

cAc TAC GIA



6-^m
Chuang I

OONG HOC CHAT OIEM
BAI 1

CHUYIN D6NG CO
1.1. Ghep ndi dung b cdt bdn trai vdi ndi dung tuong ting d cdt bdn phai d^ duoc
mot cau cd ndi dung dung.
1. Sir thay d6i vi trf ciia mdt vat so vdi cac
vat khae theo thdi gian goi la

a) he quy chid'u.

2. vat cd kich thudc rat nhd so vdi chieu
dai dudng di ciia nd goi la

b) he toa dp.

3. Tap hop ta't ca cac vi trf ciia mdt chdt
dilm trong qua trinh chuyin ddng
tao thanh

c) mdc thdi gian.

4. Vat dupc chpn dl xac dinh vi trf cua cac
vat khae ddi vdi nd gpi la

d) chat dilm.

5. He trtic vudng gdc diing dl xac dinh vi
trf ciia mdt chat dilm trong khdng gian
gpi la

d) sir chuyin ddng ctia
vat dd.

6. Thdi dilm dupc chpn dl tfnh thdi gian
chuyin ddng cua cac vat gpi la

e) vat lam mdc.

7. Mdt he toa dd cd' dinh gdn vdi vat lam

mdc va mdt dong hd do thdi gian gpi la

g) quy dao ciia
chuyin dpng.
h) dudng cong cua
chuyin dpng.


1.2. Trudng hpp nao dudi day khdng the coi vat chuyin ddng nhu mdt chdt dilm ?
A. Vidn dan dang chuyin ddng trong khdng khf.
B. Trai Ddt trong cnuyin dpng quay quanh Mat Trdi.
C. Vidn bi trong siJ roi tir tdng thti nam cua mdt toa nha xud'ng dd't.
D. Trai Dd't trong chuyin ddng tir quay quanh tnjc cua nd.
1.3. Tii thirc te, hay xem trudng hpp nao dudi ddy, quy dao chuyin dpng ciia vdt la
dudng thang ?
A. Mpt hdn da dupc nem theo phuong ngang.
B. Mdt d td dang chay tren qud'c Id 1 theo hudng Ha Ndi - Thanh phd
Hd Chf Minh.
C. Mpt vidn bi roi tii dp cao 2 m.
D. Mpt td gid'y rdi tii dp cao 3 m.
1.4. Trong trudng hpp nao dudi day cd thi coi chid'c may bay la mdt chdt diem ?
A. Chie'c may bay dang chay trdn sdn bay.
B. Chie'c may bay dang bay tii Ha Npi di Thanh phd Hd Chf Minh.
C. Chid'c may bay dang bay thit nghiem.
D. Chid'c may bay trong qua trinh ha canh xud'ng sdn bay.
1.5. "Liic 15 gid 30 phiit hdm qua, xe chiing tdi dang chay trdn qud'c Ip 5, each
Hai Dudng 10 km". Vide xac dinh vi tri ciia d td nhu trdn cdn thie'u ye'u td gi ?
A. Vat lam mdc.
B. Mdc thdi gian.
C. Thudc do va ddng hd.

D. Chieu duong tren dudng di.
1.6. Dl xac dinh hanh trinh ciia mpt con tau trdn biln, ngudi ta khdng dimg dd'n
thdng tin nao dudi day ?
A. Kinh dp ciia con tau tai mdi diem.
B. Vi dp ciia con tau tai dilm dd.
C. Ngay, gid con tau dd'n dilm dd.
D. Hudng di cua con tau tai dilm dd.
1.7. Trong trudng hpp nao dudi day sd chi thdi dilm ma ta xet trung vdi sd do
khoang thdi gian trdi ?
A. Mpt tran bdng da didn ra tii 15 gid dd'n 16 gid 45 phiit.
B. Ltic 8 gid mdt xe d td khdi hanh txi Thanh phd Hd Chf Minh, sau 3 gid
chay thi xe dd'n Vflng Tau.
C. Mdt doan tau xudt phat tir Vinh liic 0 gid, de'n 8 gid 05 phiit thi doan tau
dd'n Hue.
D. Khdng cd trudng hpp nao phu hpp vdi ydu cdu ndu ra.


1.8*. Mdt chie'c xudng may chay trdn doan sdng cd hai bd song song vdi ddng
chay. Hay tnnh bay va ve hinh bilu didn each chpn vat mdc va cac true toa dp
ciia he quy chid'u dl cd thi xac dinh vi trf ciia chid'c xuong d thdi dilm dinh
trudc dd'i vdi hai tnrdng hpp :
a) Xudng chay xudi theo ddng chay.
b) Xudng chay vudng gdc vdi ddng chay.
1.9. Mdt d td chd khach xud't phat tir'ben xe Ha Npi chay trdn dudng qud'c Ip 5
di Hai Phdng. Trong trudng hpp nay ndn chpn vdt mdc va cac trtic toa dp
ciia he quy chie'u nhu the nao dl cd thi xac dinh vi trf ciia d td d thdi
dilm dinh trudc ?
1.10. Theo lich trinh tai bd'n xe d Ha Npi thi o td chd khach trdn tuyd'n Ha Ndi Hai Phdng chay tir Ha Ndi liic 6 gid sang, di qua Hai Dudng liic 7 gid 15 phiit
^ sang va tdi Hai Phdng liic 8 gid 50 phiit sang ciing ngay. Ha Npi each
Hai Duong 60 km va each Hai Phdng 105 km. Xe d td chay lidn tuc khdng nghi

dpe dudng, chi diing lai 10 phtit tai bd'n xe Hai Ducmg dl ddn, tra khach. Tfnh
khoang thdi gian va quang dudng xe d td chay tdi Hai Phdng dd'i vdi mdi
trudng hpp sau :
a) Hanh khach ldn xe tai Ha Ndi.
b) Hanh khach ldn xe tai Hai Ducmg.

BAI 2

CHUYl^N D O N G T H A N G D ^ U
2.1. Ghep npi dung d cdt ben trai vdi ndi dung tuong ting d cpt bdn phai dl thanh
mdt cdu cd ndi dung diing.
1. Chuyin ddng cd quy dao la dudng
thang va cd td'c dp trung binh tren mpi
quang dudng deu bang nhau la
2. Dai lupng tfnh bang thuong so giu'a
quang dudng di dupc eua vat trong chuyin
dpng thing diu va khoang thdi gian
chuyin dpng la
3. Dem vi do eiia td'c dp la
4. s = vt la
5. Phuong trinh xac dinh su thay doi toa dp
ciia chdt dilm theo thdi gian la
6. Dudng bieu didn su phu thudc ciia toa
dp chdt diem vao thdi gian la

a) cdng thiic tfnh quang
dudng di dupc ciia vat
chuyin dpng thdng deu.
b) phuong trinh chuyin dpng.
c) chuyin dpng thang deu.

d) dd thi toa dp - thdi gian.
d) met tren giay (m/s).
e) phuong trinh dudng di.
g) td'c dp trung binh.


2.2. Hay chi ra cau khdng dung.
A. Quy dao ciia chuyin ddng thang diu la dudng thang.
B. Td'c dp trung binh eiia chuyin dpng thang diu trdn mpi doan dirdng la
nhu nhau.
C. Trong ehuyin dpng thang deu, quang dudng di dupc ciia vat ti Id thuan vdi
khoang thdi gian chuyin dpng.
D. Chuyin ddng di lai cua mpt pit-tdng trong xi lanh la chuyen ddng thang deu.
2.3. cau nao diing ?
Phuong trtnh chuyin dpng cua chuyin ddng thang diu dpe theo true Ox,
trong trudng hpp vat khPng xudt phat tii dilm O la
A. s = vt.
B. X = Xg + vt.
C. X = Vt.

D. mdt phuong trinh khae vdi cac phuong trinh A, B, C.
2.4. Phuong trinh ehuyin dpng eua mpt chdt dilm dpe theo true Ox ed dang :
X = 5 + 60t (x do bang kildmet va t do bdng gid).
Chat dilm dd xudt phat tii dilm nao va chuyin dpng vdi vdn tdc bdng bao nhidu ?
A. Tii dilm O, vdi van td'c 5km/h.
B. Tii dilm O, vdi van td'c 60 km/h.
C. Tii dilm M, each O la 5 km, vdi van td'c 5 km/h.
D. Tii dilm M, each O la 5km, vdi van tdc 60 km/h.
2.5. Phuong trinh chuyin ddng eua mpt chdt dilm dpe theo true Ox cd dang :
X = 4t - 10 (x do bdng kildmet va t do bang gid).

Quang dudng di dupc ciia chdt dilm sau 2 h chuyen ddng la bao nhidu ?
A. -2 km.
B. 2 km.
C. -8 km.
D. 8 km.
2.6. Mpt d td chuyin dpng tren mpt doan dudng thang va cd van td'c ludn ludn
bdng 80 km/h. Ben xe ndm d ddu doan dudng va xe d td xudt phat tur mpt dia
8


diem each bd'n xe 3 km. Chpn ben xe lam vat mdc, chpn thdi dilm d td xudt phat
lam mdc thdi gian va chpn chiiu chuyin dpng eiia d td lam chieu duong.
Phuong trinh chuyin dpng cua xe d td trdn doan dudng thang nay nhu the nao ?
A. X = 3 + 80t.
B. X = (80 - 3)t.
C. X = 3 - 80t.
D. X = 80t.
2.7. Ciing mdt liic tai hai dilm A va B each nhau 10 km ed hai d td chay eiing
ehieu nhau trdn dudng thang tir A dd'n B. Vdn tde eiia d td chay tur A la
54 km/h va cua d td chay tii B la 48 km/h. Chpn A lam mdc, chpn thdi dilm
xudt phat ciia hai xe d td lam mde thdi gian va chpn ehilu ehuyin dpng eiia hai
d td lam ehilu duong. PhUdng trinh chuyin ddng ciia cac d td trdn nhu the' nao ?
A. 6 td chay tii A : x^ = 54t;

6 td chay tuf B : Xg = 48t -h 10.

B. 6 td chay tuf A : x^ = 54t + 10 ; 6 td ehay tir B : Xg = 48t.
C. 6 td ehay tiif A : x^ = 54t;

6 td chay tii B : Xg = 48t - 10.

D. 6 td chay tii A : x^ = - 54t;

6 td chay tii B : Xg = 48t.

2.8. Cung bai toan trdn, hdi khoang thdi gian tiir liic hai d td xud't phat dd'n luc d td
A duoi kip d td B va khoang each ttr A dd'n dia dilm hai xe gap nhau ?
A. 1 h ; 54 km.
B. 1 h 20 ph ; 72 km.
C. 1 h 40 ph ; 90 km.
D. 2 h ; 108 km.
2.9. Hinh 2.1 la dd thi toa dp - thdi
gian ciia mdt chide d td chay tiif A
dlh B trdn mdt dudng thdng. 6 td
xuat phat tur ddu, vao liic nao ?

(km) >
150
120
90

A. Tit gde toa dp O, Mc 0 h.
B. Tir gd'c toa d6 O, liic 1 h.

60

C. Tiir dilm M, each gd'c O la
30 km, liic 0 h.

30

D. Tir dilm M, each gd'c O la
30 km, liic 1 h.

/
M

C)

1

2

3

Hinh 2 .1

\

!5

t(h


2.10. Cung tii do thi toa dp - thdi gian d hinh 2.1, hoi quang dudng AB dai bao
nhidu kildmet va vdn tdc ciia xe la bao nhidu ?
A. 150 km ; 30 km/h.
B. 150 km; 37,5 km/h.
C. 120 km ; 30 km/h.
D. 120 km; 37,5 km/h.

2.11. Mpt may bay phan luc cd van td'c 2 500 km/h. Nd'u mud'n bay lien tue trdn
khoang each 6 500 km thi may bay nay phai bay trong thdi gian bao lau ?
2.12. a) Mpt ngudi lai mpt chiec xe d td xuat phat tir A liic 6 gid sang, ehuyin
ddng thdng ddu tdi B, each A 120 km. Tfnh vdn td'c eiia xe, bid't rang xe tdi B
liic 8 gid 30 phtit.
b) Sau 30 phiit dd tai B, xe chay ngupe vl A vdi van td'c 60 km/h. Hdi vao
liic may gid d td se vl tdi A ?
2.13. Mpt chie'n si bdn thdng mpt vien dan B40 vao mdt xe tang ciia dich dang dd
each dd 200 m. Khoang thdi gian tii ltic bdn dd'n liic nghe thd'y tid'ng dan no
khi tning xe tang la 1 s. Coi ehuyin ddng ctia vidn dan la thing deu. Vdn tde
truydn am trong khdng khf la 340 m/s. Hay tfnh van td'c eiia vien dan B40.
2.14*. Hinh 2.2 la dd thi toa dp - thdi gian cua hai
xe may 1 va II xudt phat tir A chuyin dpng
thdng deu de'n B. Gd'c toa dp la A. Gd'c thdi
gian la liie xe I xud't phat.
a) Xe II xudt phat liie nao ?

60
40

I .

20

/

b) Quang dudng AB dai bao nhidu kildmet ?
e) Tfnh vdn tde ctia hai xe.

/II

/
0

1

2

:

t(h)

Hinh 2.2

2.15. Mdt xe may xuat phat tii A liic 6 gid va chay vdi van td'c 40 km/h dl di
dd'n B. Mdt d td xudt phat tii B liie 8 gid va chay vdi vdn td'c 80 km/h theo
eiing ehieu vdi xe may. Coi ehuyen dpng cua xe may va P td la thdng diu.
Khoang each giiia A va B la 20 km. Chpn A lam mdc, chpn thdi dilm 6 gid
lam mdc thdi gian va ehpn ehilu tii A de'n B lam ehieu duong.
a) Viet cdng thiic tfnh quang dudng di dupc va phuong trinh ehuyin ddng cua
xe may va d td.
b) Ve dd thi toa dp - thdi gian ciia xe may va d td trdn eiing mpt he true x va t.
10


c) Can cii vao dd thi ve dupc, hay xac dinh vi tri va thdi dilm d td dull kip
xe may.
d) Kilm tra lai kd't qua tim dupc bdng caeh giai cdc phUdng trinh chuyin
dpng cua xe may va d td.
2.16*. Mdt ngudi diing tai dilm M each eon dudng

thdng AB mdt doan h = 50 m dl ehd d td.
A

H

R

Khi nhin thd'y d td edn each minh mpt doan —^^z:;^
;
L = 200 m thi ngudi dd bdt ddu chay ra dudng
M
dl bat kip d td (H.2.3). Van tde cua d td la
Vj = 36 km/h. Neu ngudi dd chay vdi van td'c
Hinh 2.3
V2 = 12 km/h thi phai chay theo hudng nao dl
gap diing liie d td vira tdi ?
2.17*. Mpt d td ehay trdn mpt doan dudng thang tir dia dilm A dd'n dia dilm B phai
mdt mpt khoang thdi gian t. Tde dp cua d td trong nira ddu cua khoang thdi
gian nay la 60 km/h va trong nira eudi la 40 km/h. Tfnh tde dp trung binh
ciia P to trdn ca doan dudng AB.
2.18*. Mdt ngudi di xe dap chuyin ddng trdn mpt doan dudng thing AB cd dp dai la s.
Td'c dp ciia xe dap trong nira ddu ciia doan dudng nay la 12 km/h va
trong nira eudi la 18 km/h. Tfnh td'c dp trung binh cua xe dap trdn ca doan
dudng AB.

BAIS
CHUYEN DONG THANG BIEN DOI D^U
3.1. Ghep npi dung d cdt ben trai vdi npi dung tuong iing d cpt ben phai dl thanh
mpt cdu cd npi dung dting.
a) cdng thiic tfnh van td'c ciia

1. Chuyin dpng thdng cd van td'c
chuyin dpng thang nhanh ddn diu.
ludn thay dii (theo thdi gian) la
b) chuyin dpng thdng cham ddn diu.
2. Dai lupng tfnh bdng thuong sd
giu'a quang dudng di dupe eiia vat va
khoang thdi gian vdt di hd't quang
dudng dd la
3. Dai lupng dae tnmg cho dp nhanh
c) ePng thiie Udn hd giiia quang dudng
ehdm ciia ehuyin ddng eiia chdt
di dupc, vdn td'c va gia td'c trong
dilm tai mdt vi tri bdt ki nao dd la
chuyin dpng thdng nhanh ddn diu.
11


4. Dai lupng tfnh bdng thuong sd
giu:a dp bid'n thidn ciia vdn tdc va
khoang thdi gian trong dd van tde
bie'n thidn la

d) tdc dp trung binh.

5. Don vi do cita gia td'c la

d) ehuyin dpng thdng nhanh ddn deu.

6. Dai lupng dac trung cho su bid'n
thidn cua van tdc ca ve dp ldn va

phuong ehilu la

e) ehuyen ddng thdng bie'n ddi.

7. Chuyin dpng thing trong dd van
td'c tlie thdi ed dp ldn tang hoac
giam diu theo thdi gian la

g) phUdng trinh chuyin dpng eiia
chuyin dpng thdng nhanh ddn deu.

8. Chuyin dpng thing trong dd van
tde tiic thdi ed dp ldn tang dan deu
theo thdi gian la

h) cdng thiie tfnh quang dudng di
dupc cua ehuyin dpng thing nhanh
ddn diu.
i) gia tdc trung binh eiia chuyin dpng.

9. Chuyin dpng thing trong dd van
tdc tlie thdi cd dp ldn giam ddn deu
theo thdi gian la
10. V = VQ -I- at (a va Vg ciing dau) la
11.S^ Vgt -I-

.2
at

(a va VQ ciing ddu)

k) vecto gia td'c.
/) met trdn giay binh phucmg (m/s ).

la
12. X =

XQ

at

+ Vgt -I- —

(Xg, Vg, a

m) chuyin dpng thing bid'n doi deu.

eiing ddu) la
13.

V

-

VQ

=

2as

(V(i

va

n) van td'c tiie thdi.

eiing dd'u) la
o) phuong trinh ehuyen dpng eua
chuyin ddng thing cham ddn diu.
3.2. Cdu ndo sai ?
Trong chuyin dpng thdng nhanh ddn deu thi
A. veeto gia tde ngupc chieu vdi vecto vdn tdc.
B. van td'c tlie thdi tang theo ham sd bae nhdt cua thdi gian.
C. quang dudng di dupe tang theo ham sd bdc hai ciia thdi gian.
D. gia td'c la dai lupng khdng ddi.
12


3.3. Chi ra cdu sai.
A. Vdn td'c tiic thdi cua chuyin dpng thdng bien ddi deu cd dp ldn tang hoae
giam deu theo thdi gian.
B. Gia td'c ciia ehuyin ddng thang bid'n ddi ddu ed dp ldn khdng ddi.
C. Vecto gia tde cua ehuyen dpng thing bid'n ddi deu ed thi ciing ehieu hoac
ngupc chieu vdi vecto vdn tde.
D. Trong chuyin ddng thing bid'n ddi deu, quang dudng di dupc trong nhirng
khoang thdi gian bdng nhau thi bdng nhau.
3.4. Cdu nao diing ?
Cdng thtic tfnh quang dudng di dupc eiia ehuyin dpng thdng nhanh ddn deu la
A. s = Vgt H

(a va Vg eiing ddu).

at^
B. s = Vgt -f —

(a va Vg trai dd'u).

at2
C. X = Xg + Vgt -I- —

(a va Vg ciing ddu).

at2
D. X = Xg -I- Vgt +

(a va Vg trai ddu).

3.5. Cdu nao diing ?
Phuong trinh chuyin dpng eua chuyin ddng thdng ehdm ddn diu la
at2
A. s = Vgt -I-

(a va Vg eiing dau).
at2

B. s = Vgt +

(a va Vg trai ddu).

at2

C. X = Xg -^ Vgt + —

(a va Vg ciing ddu).

at^
D. X = Xg + Vgt + —

(a va Vg trai dd'u).

3.6. Trong cdng thiic lidn hd giua quang dudng di dupc, van td'c va gia tdc ciia
ehuyin dpng thing nhanh dan diu (v^ - Vg = 2as), ta cd cae dilu kidn nao
dudi ddy ?

13


A. s > 0 ; a > 0 ; V > Vg.
B. s > 0 ; a < 0 ; V < Vg.
C. s > 0 ; a > 0 ; V < Vg.
D. s > 0 ; a < 0 ; V > Vg.
3.7. Hinh 3.1 la dd thi vdn tde theo thdi gian
eiia mpt xe may ehuyin dpng trdn mpt
dudng thing. Trong khoang thdi gian
nao, xe may chuyin dpng chdm dan diu ?
A. Trong khoang thdi gian tur 0 dd'n ti.
B. Trong khoang thdi gian tur tj dd'n t2.
C. Trong khoang thdi gian tii t2 den t3.
D. Cac edu tra ldi A, B, C deu sai.

Hinh 3.1

3.8. Khi d td dang chay vdi van td'c 10 m/s trdn doan dudng thing thi ngudi lai xe
tang ga va d td chuyin ddng nhanh ddn diu. Sau 20 s, d td dat vdn td'c 14 m/s.
Gia td'c a va vdn tdc v cua d to sau 40 s k l tii liic bdt ddu tang ga la bao nhidu ?
A. a = 0,7 m/s

V = 38 m/s.

B. a = 0,2 m/s

v = 18 m/s.

C. a = 0,2 m/s^

V = 8 m/s.

D. a = 1,4 m/s

V = 66 m/s.

3.9. Cflng bai toan trdn, hdi quang dudng s ma d td da di dupc sau 40 s k l tuf liic
bdt ddu tang ga va td'c dp trung binh Vji, trdn quang dudng dd la bao nhidu ?
A. s = 480 m ; Vfb = 12 m/s.
B. s = 360 m ; Vtb = 9 m/s.
C. s = 160 m ; v,i, = 4 m/s.
D. s = 560 m ; v,i, = 14 m/s.
14


3.10. Khi d td dang ehay vdi vdn td'c 10 m/s trdn doan dudng thing thi ngudi lai xe

ham phanh va d td chuyin ddng cham ddn diu. Cho tdi khi diing hin lai thi
d td da chay thdm dupe 100 m. Gia td'c a ciia d td la bao nhidu ?
A. a = - 0,5 m/sl
B. a = 0,2 m/s .
C. a = - 0,2 m/s^.
D. a = 0,5 m/s .
3.11*. Hai d td chuyin dpng trdn ciing mpt dudng thing di qua hai dia dilm A
va B. 6 td xudt phat tii A ehay nhanh ddn va d td xud't phat tir B chay chdm
ddn. So sanh hudng gia td'c eiia hai d td trong mdi trudng hpp sau :
a) Hai d td chay cung chieu.
b) Hai d td chay ngupe ehieu.

v(m/s)

^'^

3.12. Can cii vao dd thi vdn td'c eiia 4 vat I, 0, UI, IV
trdn hinh 3.2, hay lap cdng thiie tfnh van tdc
va cdng thire tfnh quang dudng di dupc ciia
mPi vat ehuyin dpng.
3.13. Khi d td dang ehay vdi van tde 12 m/s trdn
mdt doan dudng thing thi ngudi lai xe tang
ga cho d td chay nhanh ddn deu. Sau 15 s,
d td dat vdn td'c 15 m/s.

30

IV

20

in

"n

10

\
5

10

15

20
t(s)

Hinh 3.2

a) Tinh gia tde cua d td.
b) Tfnh vdn td'c cua d td sau 30 s ke tiif khi tang ga.
c) Tfnh quang dudng d td di dupc sau 30 s kl tuf khi tang ga.
3.14. Khi dang ehay vdi vdn tde 36 km/h thi d td bdt ddu chay xud'ng dde. Nhung
do bi mdt phanh ndn d td chuyin dpng thing nhanh ddn diu vdi gia td'c
9

0,2 m/s xud'ng hd't doan dd'c cd dp dai 960 m.
a) Tfnh khoang thdi gian d td chay xud'ng hd't doan dde.
b) Vdn td'c d td Of cud'i doan dd'c la bao nhidu ?
15

3.15. Mdt doan tau bdt ddu rdi ga va chuyin ddng thing nhanh ddn diu. Sau khi
chay dupc 1,5 km thi doan tau dat vdn tde 36 km/h. Tfnh vdn td'c cua doan
tau sau khi chay dupe 3 km ke tii khi doan tau bit ddu rdi ga.
3.16*. Mpt vien bi chuyin dpng thing nhanh ddn diu khdng van tdc ddu trdn mang
nghidng va trong gidy thii nam nd di dupe quang dudng bdng 36 cm.
a) Tfnh gia tdc cua vidn bi ehuyin dpng trdn mang nghieng.
b) Tinh quang dudng vidn bi di dupc sau 5 gidy kl tii khi nd bit ddu
chuyin dpng.
3.17*. Mdt vat chuyin dpng thang nhanh ddn deu ed vdn tdc ddu la 18 km/h.
Trong gidy thii nam, vdt di dupc quang dudng la 5,9 m.
a) Tfnh gia tdc ciia vat.
b) Tfnh quang dudng vat di dupe sau khoang thdi gian la 10 s kl tii khi vat
bit ddu ehuyin dpng.
3.18*. Khi o to dang ehay vdi vdn td'c 15 m/s tren mdt doan dudng thing thi ngudi
lai xe ham phanh cho d td chay chdm ddn diu. Sau khi ehay thdm dupe
125 m thi vdn tde d td chi cdn bang 10 m/s.
a) Tfnh gia tde eiia d td.
b) Tfnh khoang thdi gian dl d td ehay tren quang dudng dd.
3.19*. Hai xe may cung xud't phat tai hai dia dilm A va B each nhau 400 m va
ciing chay theo hudng AB tren doan dudng thing di qua A va B. Xe may
xud't phat tur A chuyin ddng nhanh ddn deu vdi gia tdc 2,5.10

m/s^. Xe

may xud't phat tii B ehuydn dpng nhanh ddn ddu vdi gia tdc 2,0.10 m/s .
Chpn A lam mde, ehpn thdi dilm xudt phat cua hai xe may lam mdc thcri gian
va ehpn ehilu tii A dd'n B lam ehilu duong.
a) Vid't phuong trinh chuyin dpng eua mdi xe may.

b) Xac dinh vi tri va thdi diem hai xe may dudi kip nhau kl ttr luc xudt phat.
c) Tfnh vdn td'c cua mdi xe may tai vi tri dudi kip nhau.

16


BAI 4
Sl/RC^TlfDO
4.1. Ghep ndi dung d edt ben trai vdi ndi dung tuong iing d cpt bdn phai dl dupe
mdt cdu cd ndi dung dung.
1. Su roi cua vdt chi dudi tac dung
a) cdng thiic tfnh vdn tdc
cua trpng luc la
cua chuyin ddng roi tu do.
2. Dai lupng dac trung cho su bieh
thidn cua vdn td'c rdi tu do la

b) ciing mpt gia tri.

3. D6 ldn eiia gia tde roi tu do
thudng ldy la
4. Tai mot ndi nhdt dinh trdn Trai
Dd't, gdn mat ddt, gia tdc r d tu do
eiia cae vdt deu cd

e) cdng thiic tfnh quang
^ « ^ g di dupc ciia ehuyin
^^"g ^^ ^ ^^^
d) gia td'c red tu do.

5.v = gt la
2
6. s = - ^ la

d) su roi tu do.
e)g = 9,8m/s^«10m/s

4.2. Cdu nao dung ?
Mpt vdt rdi tu do tii dp eao h xud'ng tdi dd't. Cdng thiic tfnh vdn td'c v ciia vdt
roi tu do phu thupc dp cao h la
A. v = 2gh.
B. v=

/2h
—.
Vg

C.v=V2gh.
D. V = Vgh .
4.3. Chuyin ddng ciia vdt nao dudi ddy cd thi coi la chuyin ddng roi tu do ?
A'. Mdt vdn dpng vidn nhay du da budng dii va dang roi trong khPng trung.
B. Mdt qua tao nhd rung tuf trdn cdy dang roi xud'ng ddt.
2.BTVATLilO-A

17


C. Mpt vdn dpng vidn nhay cdu dang lao tii trdn cao xud'ng mat nudc.
D. Mdt chid'c thang may dang ehuyin dpng di xud'ng.
4.4. Chuyin dpng cita vat nao dudi ddy khdng the coi la ehuyin ddng rdi tu do ?

A. Mpt vidn da nho dupe tha rdi tii trdn eao xud'ng ddt.
B. Cae hat mua nhd liie bdt ddu rdi.
C. Mpt ehid'c la rung dang roi tir trdn edy xud'ng dd't.
D. Mpt vidn bi chi dang roi d trong d'ng thuy tinh dat thdng diing va da dupe
hiit chan khPng.
4.5*. Dae dilm nao dudi day khdng phdi la dac dilm eua ehuyin dpng roi tu do cua
cae vdt ?
A. Chuyin dpng theo phuong thdng diing, chieu tiif trdn xud'ng.
B. Chuyin dpng thing, nhanh ddn diu.
C. Tai mpt noi va d gdn mat ddt, mpi vdt roi tu do nhu nhau.
D. Luc t = 0 thi V ^ 0.
4.6. Mdt vat dupe tha rcri tu do tii dp cao 4,9 m xud'ng ddt. Bd qua luc can eiia
khdng khf. Ldy gia tde roi tu do g = 9,8 m/s . Van tde v eiia vdt trude khi
cham ddt la bao nhidu ?
A. V = 9,8 m/s.
B. V « 9,9 m/s.
C. v=l,Om/s.
D. V « 9,6 m/s.
4.7*. Mpt hdn sdi nho dupe nem thing dirng xud'ng dudi vdi van tde ddu bang
9

9,8 m/stixdp cao 39,2 m. Ldy g = 9,8 m/s . Bd qua luc can cua khdng khf. Hoi
sau bao Idu hdn sdi roi tdi ddt ?
A. t = l s .
B. t = 2 s.
C. t = 3 s.
D. t = 4s.
18

4.8*. Cung bai toan trdn, hdi van tdc ciia vat trudc khi eham ddt la bao nhidu ?
A. V = 9,8 m/s.
B. v= 19,6 m/s.
C. V = 29,4 m/s.
D. V = 38,2 m/s.
4.9. Hai vdt dupc tha roi tu do ddng thdi tii'hai dp cao khdc nhau hj va h2. Khoang
thdi gian rdi ciia vdt thii nhdt ldn gap ddi khoang thdi gian rdi ciia vat thii hai.
Bd qua luc can eiia khdng khf. Ti so edc dp cao —^ la bao nhidu ?
h2

A.:^=2.
h2
h,

B. ^

h2

= 0,5.

h.

C. ^-L = 4.
D.i^ = L
h2

4.10. Tfnh khoang thdi gian roi tu do t cua mdt vien da. Cho bid't trong gidy cud'i
cung trudc khi cham dd't, vat da roi dupc doan dudng ddi 24,5 m. Ldy gia td'c
rcri ttr do g = 9,8 m/s^.
4.11. Tfnh quang dudng ma vat roi tu do di dupc trong giay thii tu. Trong khoang thdi

gian dd van td'c ciia vat da tang ldn bao nhidu ? Lay gia td'c roi ttr do
g = 9,8 m/sl
4.12. Hai vidn bi A va B dupe tha roi tu do tii cung mpt dp cao. Vidn bi A roi
sau vidn bi B mdt khoang thdi gian la 0,5 s. Tfnh khoang each giua hai
vidn bi sau thdi gian 2 s kl tuf khi bi A bdt ddu roi. Lay gia tde roi tu do
g = 9,8 m/s^.
4.13. Mpt vat roi tu do tii dp eao s xud'ng tdi mat dd't. Cho bid't trong 2 s cud'i eung,
vat di dupe doan dudng bang mpt phdn tu dp eao s. Hay tfnh dp cao s va
khoang thdi gian roi t cua vat. Ldy gia td'c roi ttr do g = 9,8 m/s^.
19


4.14*. Mpt vdt dupc tha roi tii mdt khf edu dang bay d dp cao 300 m. Bd qua luc
can ciia khdng khf. Ld'y gia td'c roi tu do g = 9,8 m/s^. Hdi sau bao lau thi
vat rdi cham ddt ? Nd'u :
a) khf cdu diing ydn ;
b) khf cdu dang ha xud'ng theo phudng thing diing vdi vdn td'c 4,9 m/s ;
c) khf edu dang bay len theo phuong thing diing vdi van td'c 4,9 m/s.

BAI5

CHUYEN DONG TRON Dfiu
5.1. Ghep npi dung d edt ben trai vdi npi dung tuong iing d cpt bdn phai dl thanh
mpt eau ed npi dung diing.
1. Chuyin dpng cd quy dao trdn la
a) cdng thure lidn hd gifla
td'c dp dai va td'c dp gde.
2. Dai lupng do bang gde quet eiia ban kfnh
b) vdng trdn gidy (vdng/s)
quy dao trdn trong don vi thdi gian la

hay Hec (Hz).
3. Don vi do ciia td'c dp gde la

e) gia td'c hudng tdm.

4. Khoang thdi gian dl chat dilm ehuyin
dpng trdn deu di hd't mpt vdng trdn quy dao
ciia nd gpi la

d) ehu ki ciia chuyin dpng
trdn diu.

5. So vdng ma ehd't dilm ehuyin dpng trdn
diu di dupe trong mdt gidy gpi la

d) edng thiic tfnh dp ldn
ciia gia tdc hudng tdm.

6. Don vi do eiia tdn so la

e) tde dp gde.

7. V = roo la

g) chuyin ddng trdn.

8. Dai lupng dac trung eho su bien thidn vl
hudng eua van tdc trong ehuyin dpng trdn
la

h) radian trdn giay (rad/s).

V

2

9. a = — = rco la
20

i) tdn sd eua ehuyen dpng
trdn diu.


5.2. Cau nao sai ?
Chuyin dpng trdn deu cd
A. quy dao la dudng trdn.
B. tde dp dai khong ddi.
C. td'c dp gdc khdng ddi.
D. vectd gia td'c khdng ddi.
5.3. Chuyin dpng eua vat nao dudi day la chuyin dpng trdn deu ?
A. Chuyin dpng cua ddu van bdnh xe dap khi xe dang ehuyin ddng thdng
chdm ddn diu.
B. Chuyen dpng quay eiia Trai Ddt quanh Mat Trdi.
C. Chuyin dpng ciia dilm ddu canh quat tran khi dang quay dn dinh.
D. Chuyin dpng eiia dilm ddu ednh quat khi vira tdt didn.
5.4. Chuyin dpng ciia vat nao dudi day khdng phdi la chuyin dpng trdn diu ?
A. Chuyin ddng cita eon ngua trong chid'c du quay khi dang hoat ddng
dn dinh.
B. Chuyin dpng cua dilm ddu canh quat trdn khi quat dang quay.
C. Chuyin dpng etia dilm ddu eanh quat khi may bay dang bay thing deu ddi

vdi ngudi dudi ddt.
D. Chuyin dpng eiia chide dng buong chiia nudc trong cai cpn nude.
5.5. Cdu nao sai ?
Vectd gia tde hudng tam trong chuyin dpng trdn diu
A. dat vao vat chuyin ddng trdn.
B. ludn hudng vao tam cua quy dao trdn.
C. ed dp ldn khdng ddi.
D. cd phucmg va ehilu khdng ddi.
5.6. Cac cdng thiic lien hd gifla tde dp gdc vdi td'c dp dai va giua gia td'c hudng tam
vdi td'c dp dai cua chdt dilm ehuyin dpng trdn diu la gi ?
A. v = cor ;

a^, = v^r.

_
(0
B. v = — ;

v^
aht=—.

r

r
21


C. V = cor ;

v2

a^t = —
r

^
CO
D. V = - ;
r

v^
ah, = —
r

5.7. Cac edng thu'c lidn he gifla tde dp gdc co vdi ehu ki T va gifla td'c dp gdc oo vdi
tdn sd f trong chuyin dpng trdn diu la gi ?
A . CO = — ;
T
B. CO = 27tT ;
C. co = 27iT;
^ 2 7 1
D . CO = — ;

CO = 27tf.
CO = 2Tcf.
2n
co=—.
f
271
CO = — .

T

f

5.8. Td'c dp gdc co ciia mpt dilm trdn Trai Dd't dd'i vdi true Trai Ddt la bao nhieu ?
A. CO « 7,27.10"'^ rad/s.
B. CO « 7,27.10"^ rad/s.
C. CO « 6,20.10"^ rad/s.
D. CO « 5,42.10"^ rad/s.
5.9. Mpt ngudi ngdi trdn ghd' eiia mpt chide du quay dang quay vdi tdn sd
5 vdng/phiit. Khoang each tii chd ngudi ngdi dd'n true quay eua chide du la 3 m.
Gia tde hudng tdm eiia ngudi dd la bao nhieu ?
A. a^t = 8,2 m/sl
B. a^t* 2,96.10^ m/sl
C. ah, = 29,6.10^m/sl
D. a^t ~ 0,82 m/sl
5.10. Mpt dia trdn quay deu quanh mdt true di qua tdm dia. So sanh tde dp gdc oo ;
td'c dp dai v va gia tde hu6ng tdm a^, cua mpt dilm A va eua mpt diem B
22


ndm tren dia : dilm A ndm b mep dia, dilm B ndm d chfnh gifla ban kfnh r
ciia dia.
5.11. Vanh ngoai cua mpt banh xe d td cd ban kfnh la 25 cm. Tfnh td'c dp gdc va
gia td'c hudng tam eiia mpt dilm trdn vanh ngoai ciia banh xe khi P td dang
ehay vdi tde dp dai 36 km/h.
5.12. Mat Trang quay 1 vdng quanh Trai Dd't he't 27 ngay - ddm. Tfnh tde dp gdc
ciia Mat Trang quay quanh Trdi Ddt.
5.13. Kim phut cua mdt ddng hd dai gdp 1,5 ldn kim gid. Hdi tde dp dai ciia ddu
kim phiit ldn gdp md'y ldn tdc dp dai eiia ddu kim gid ?
5.14. Mpt vd tinh nhdn tao d dp cao 250 km bay quanh Trai Dd't theo mpt quy dao

trdn. Chu ki quay eua vd tinh la 88 phiit. Tfnh tdc dp gdc va gia td'c hudng
tdm ciia ve tinh. Cho ban kfnh Trdi Ddt la 6 400 km.

BAI 6

TINH TUONG D6I CUA CHUYEN D C N G
CONG THUC CONG VA N T6C
6.1. Ghep npi dung d cpt bdn trdi vdi npi dung tucmg iing d cpt bdn phai dl thanh
mdt cdu ed npi dung diing.
1. Suphu thupc eua quy dao chuyin
dpng vao he quy ehidu thi hidn

a) van tdc ciia vat dd'i vdi he quy
ehidu diing ydn.

2. Su phu thupe eiia van tde ehuyen
ddng vao he quy ehidu thi hidn

b) van td'c tuong dd'i cpng vdi van
td'c keo theo.

3. van tdc tuyet ddi la

c) van tde eua vat ddi vdi he quy chid'u
chuyin dpng.
23