3 states of matter and changes of state

States of Matter
Earth Science Intro Unit
@earthscience


I will be able to define and describe matter and the
three states of matter.

What are the states of Matter?
• Matter
– All matter is made of atoms.
– Atoms are in constant motion.
– Particle movement determines
the state of matter.

• States of Matter.
– Solid
– Liquid
– Gas


I will be able to define and describe matter and the
three states of matter.

What are the states of Matter?
• Solids
– Shape:
• Definite

– Volume:
• Definite

– Atoms:
• Very close together.
• Vibrate in place.

– Exception:
• Water, ice has more space
between atoms than liquid water.
That is why it _______________.


I will be able to define and describe matter and the
three states of matter.

What are the states of Matter?
• Liquids
– Shape:
• Not definite

– Volume:
• Definite

– Atoms:
• Further apart
• Move, have more kinetic
energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy
of motion.

I will be able to define and describe matter and the
three states of matter.

What are the states of Matter?
• Gases
– Shape:
• Not definite

– Volume:
• Not Definite

– Atoms:
• Moving very fast.
• Most kinetic energy.
– Move faster when heat is
applied.
– Move slower when heat is
taken away.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?

• Changes in States
– A change of a substance
from one physical state to
another.
– Examples:

• Water vapor to liquid
water.
• Liquid water to ice.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?

• Energy Gained or Lost
– To change state, energy
must be added or
removed.
– Gaining or losing energy
changes the temperature
of a substance.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?

• Energy / Motion of Partic
les.
– Energy of the particles
change.
– The speed and the
distance between

particles change.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?

• Energy / Motion of
Particles.
• Solids
– Vibrate in place,
particles close together


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?

• Energy / Motion of
Particles.
• Liquids
– Move around
– Particles further apart.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?

• Energy / Motion of
Particles.
• Gas– Move quickly
– Particles very far apart.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?
• Melting
– Solid becomes liquid.
– Energy is added
• Particles speed up.
• Temperature rises

– Melting point
• Temperature at which a
substance changes from a solid
to a liquid.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?

• Vaporization

– Process by which liquids
or solids change to a gas.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?

• Sublimation
– Change in state from a
solid directly into a gas.
(skips liquid phase)
• Add heat
• Atoms gain energy
• Escape into the air as a gas.
• Example: Dry Ice


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?

• Evaporation
– Add heat to a liquid
• Atoms gain energy.
• Move faster

– Evaporation

• Particles can escape from
the surface of a liquid if
enough heat is added.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?

• Boiling
– A rapid change from a
liquid to a gas (vapor)
– Boiling Point
• The temperature at
which this occurs in a
liquid.
– 100°C
– 212°F


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?

• Condensation
– The change in state from
a gas to a liquid.
• Cooling a gas

• Particles lose energy.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?
• Deposition
– Change in state from a gas
directly to a solid.
• Substance cools.
• Atoms lose energy
• No liquid forms in the
process.
• Example:
– Water vapor turns into
ice crystals.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?
• Freezing
– Liquid becomes solid.
– Loss of energy.
• Particles slow down
• Temperature cools

– Freezing point

• Temperature at which a
substance changes into a solid.
• Water = 0C or 32F


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?
• Mass is Conserved
– The amount of matter stays
the same during a phase
change.
– The mass does not change
when its state changes.
– Each state contains the
same amount of matter.


I will be able to explain what a change in state is
and describe how matter changes state.

What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?

• Mass is Conserved