CONSOLIDATION – LINKING WORDS AND CLAUSES

English

CONSOLIDATION – LINKING WORDS AND CLAUSES
Exercise 1. Read the text below and choose the best answer which fit each space.
ANOREXIA
Anorexia is a comparatively new illness and seems to be (0.)______ to the society we live in which
increasingly (1.) ______us on our appearance. The media encourages us to try to be (2.) ______and
beautiful. Falling short of these criteria can put enormous (3.) ______on the majority of us who are less than
(4.) ______. Each year there are estimated to be at (5.) ______2,000 new cases of anorexia. About one
suffer in ten is male, but most anorexics are females in their teens and twenties who suffer (6.) ______a
distorted self image, feeling fat and ugly, (7.) ______slim and attractive they may appear to others. Though
constantly hungry, anorexics attempt to gain (8.) ______of their lives by (9.) ______to eat. The problem
commonly (10.) ______in teenage years, when responsibilities increase. In (11.) ______cases, it can (12.)
______anaemia, heart and kidney problems and, in almost a fifth of the cases, death by starvation or
secondary infection. Treatment (13.) ______encouraging patients to (14.) ______weight by providing
counseling and therapy which, in essence, guides the sufferers (15.) ______a normal life.
1. A. resulted
B. linked
C. caused
D. developed
2. A. watches
B. judges
C. measures
D. criticizes
3. A. narrow
B. slight
C. light
D. slim
4. A. pressure
B. tension
C. weight

D. force
5. A. exact
B. perfect
C. excellent
D. good
6. A. minimum
B. less
C. least
D. more
7. A. by
B. from
C. of
D. for
8. A. whether
B. either
C. moreover
D. however
9. A. control
B. direction
C. power
D. authority
10. A. forbidding
B. refusing
C. rejecting
D. denying
11. A. develops
B. delivers
C. turns
D. takes
12. A. enlarged

B. extended
C. prolonged
D. expanded
13. A. lead
B. catch
C. cause
D. give
14. A. considers
B. involves
C. concerns
D. deals
15. A. put
B. win
C. earn
D. regain
16. A. in
B. from
C. at
D. towards
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1. Are you likely to see him again? (chance)
→Is there ___________________________ him again?
2. He was late because there was an accident on the motorway. (due)
→He was ___________________________on the motorway.
3. He definitely won’t pass his driving test. (hope)
→There’s ___________________________his driving test.
4. I am disappointed with your exam results. (let)
→You ___________________________with your exam results.
5. I left home early so as to be on time for work. (would)
→I left home early ___________________________on time for work.

6. In Australia we visited Mozart’s birthplace. (where)
→We saw the ___________________________while we were in Australia.
Exercise 3. Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
A high (0.percent)__________ of the English language consists of idioms which a (1.learn)
__________will have to acquire in order to archive complete (2.fluent) __________. However, good
(3.communicate) __________is not based on the quantity of idioms used, but on their appropriate usage.
Students of English can (4.ease) __________make themselves understood using a minimal amount of
(5.idiom) __________language, but some feel it is a (6. necessary) __________to learn them and then use
them as often as possible to make a good (7.impress) __________and show how good their language is.
However, using them (8. correctly) __________can sound worse than not using them at all. Thankfully,
there are many (9.qualify) __________teachers who can provide clear (11. explain) __________and help
with practice.
Exercise 4. Read the text and choose the best answer which fits each space.
ALTERNATIVE THERAPY
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Creative therapy is now regarded (0.)_____ a worthy alternative to the more conventional forms of
treatment such as psychoanalysis. Art, music and dance are some of the forms of therapy now (1.) _____.
These therapies are thought to be (2.) _____in relieving stress, depression and even emotional problems (3.)
_____by tensions in relationships. Art therapy (4.) _____painting, sculpture and modeling as a(n)(5.)
_____of expressing one’s hidden feelings. The good news is that no particular talent is needed; once you
have (6.) _____your “work of art” (7.) _____is the opportunity to talk it through with a therapist. Those who
(8.) _____it difficult to immediately start up a conversation find this (9.) _____of therapy useful. Music
therapy involves singing or the playing of a musical instrument, (10.) _____sound to bring hidden emotions
to the (11.) _____. Again, no (12.) _____skill is required; you don’t have to be Pavarotti to benefit (13.)

_____this type of therapy. This technique is often used to promote self-confidence in the physically or
mentally disabled. And for those among you who (14.) _____too much time in intellectual pursuits, dance
therapy may prove (15.) _____. It encourages spontaneity and helps the deep thinker become more bodily
aware.
1. A. as
B. like
C. by
D. to
2. A. visible
B. available
C. handy
D. ready
3. A. likely
B. capable
C. possible
D. effective
4. A. directed
B. caused
C. occurred
D. happened
5. A. contains
B. has
C. involves
D. needs
6. A. means
B. attempt
C. type
D. effort
7. A. completed
B. worked

C. been
D. added
8. A. it
B. there
C. that
D. here
9. A. have
B. make
C. seem
D. find
10. A. condition
B. shape
C. pattern
D. form
11. A. consisting
B. having
C. using
D. trying
12. A. surface
B. top
C. front
D. side
13. A. strange
B. typical
C. peculiar
D. special
14. A. in
B. by
C. of
D. from

15. A. have
B. spend
C. use
D. spare
16. A. invaluable
B. priceless
C. precious
D. worthy
Exercise 5. Read the text and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each
space.
MOUNTAIN BIKING
Mountain biking is becoming an increasingly popular sport, as people become (0.)_____ interested
in keeping (1.) _____and doing activities which take them out of their homes.
It is not only a pleasurable way of improving your fitness, but (2.) _____one of the most rewarding
ways to explore the countryside. However, it is important to follow a (3.) _____simple rules, otherwise you
could (4.) _____the environment and spoil (5.) _____people’s enjoyment.
Cyclists can use any road but they must (6.) _____attention to the type of path they are on. Some
paths (7.) _____only designed for people who are (8.) _____foot, so if you are cycling (9.) _____these, you
could cause inconvenience to walkers as (10.) _____as ending up being taken to court (11.) _____the owner
of the land you are on.
On any other path, you should still respect walkers and be careful (12.) _____you are passing horse
riders. Other things which you are asked to do are to close gates behind you, so (13.) _____farm animals
can’t escape, and to take your rubbish home with you. Always (14.) _____someone know where you are
going and carry the right equipment and clothing for unexpected conditions. (15.) _____you could be
creating unnecessary problems for yourself.
Exercise 6. Rewrite the sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Use the word given.
You must use between two and five words.
1. I’m sure they worked hard on the project. (have)
→ They _______________________ on the project.
2. It takes four hours to drive from London to Swansea. (drive)

→It’s _______________________from London to Swansea.
3. I can’t decide where to go on holiday. (mind)
→I can’t _______________________where to go on holiday.
4. I think he was lying about the money. (have)
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→He _______________________about the money.
5. If you work faster, you’ll finish sooner. (the)
→The _______________________you’ll finish.
6. Ann doesn’t want to stay in this hotel. (rather)
→Ann _______________________in this hotel.
7. Although he is a doctor, he doesn’t earn much. (being)
→Despite _______________________, he doesn’t earn much.
8. You shouldn’t say bad things about your friends. (run)
→You _______________________your friends.
9. I’m sure she wasn’t promoted. (have)
→She _______________________promoted
10. They enjoyed themselves a lot at the party. (time)
→They _______________________at the party.
11. I’ve never spoken to such a rude person. (the)
→He is _______________________ever spoken to.
Exercise 7. Give the correct form of the word in brackets.
The Power of the Mind
Scientists have recently become interested in strange (0.psychology)__________powers. A professor
at Edinburgh University is leading an (1.investigate) __________into the most (2.mystery)

__________aspect of the brain’s (3.able) __________. He has chosen a controversial and (4.surprise)
__________subject – telepathy. Direct mind-to-mind (5. communicate) __________is when one person
knows what another is thinking. Many people have doubts that this is really a (6.science)
__________subject, and the professor’s work has only recently received (7.recognize) __________. He
believes that telepathy is a (8. nature) __________talent, but that some people are more (9. sense)
__________than others. However, most people still believe that it involves some kind of (10. honesty)
__________or trickery.
Exercise 8. Fill in the correct preposition(s).
1. He was very jealous _____ his friend’s success.
2. The old lady was generous _____ her grandchildren.
3. The little boy was very frightened _____the dog next door.
4. To make a good impression _____his employer he volunteered to work late.
5. The actress was not impressed _____the role she was offered.
6. The watch he bought from the man was identical _____the one I had lost.
7. The key _____his success is his decisiveness.
8. The students were dismissed _____class at the end of the lesson.
9. The doctor was intent _____helping the patient.
10. The baby had no intention _____eating its food.
11. He is very keen _____playing computer games.
12. They were keen _____do something different at the weekend.
13. The girl had heard _____the accident from an old friend.
14. He has not heard _____his penfriend in Russia for ages.
15. I’ve heard _____him but I haven’t met him.
16. He forgave me _____insulting him.
17. The man was found guilty _____murder.
18. The woman felt guilty _____leaving her dog outside all night.
19. The boy was expelled _____school for hitting his teacher.
20. There has been an increase _____the price of fuel recently.
21. She was good _____everything at school.
22. She’s good _____her dog because it keeps her company.

23. The man was not involved _____the fight.
24. She was afraid _____jump from the building even though it was on fire.
25. That student was hopeless _____getting her work in on time.
26. The ice-cream consisted _____chocolate, bananas, coconut and cream.
Exercise 9. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1. You mustn’t reveal anything to the press. (allowed)
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→ You _________________________ anything to the press.
2. They stole jewellery worth $2,000,000. (ran)
→They _________________________worth $2,000,000.
3. She was too young to travel on her own. (old)
→She _________________________travel on her own.
4. Josh emigrated to Britain. He wanted to start a new life there. (view)
→Josh emigrated to Britain _________________________a new life there.
5. Whatever you say, you won’t change his mind. (what)
→You won’t change his mind _________________________you say.
6. Don’t you hate people taking you for granted? (taken)
→Don’t you _________________________for granted?
7. May I take this chair? (mind)
→Would you _________________________this chair?
8. Although she had a headache, she carried on with her work. (having)
→Despite _________________________, she carried on with her work.
9. It took ten minutes to revive him after he hit his head. (bring)
→It took ten minutes _________________________after he hit his head.

10. Perhaps you’ll see him later. (may)
→You _________________________later.
11. Hungry as I was, I refused the dinner invitation. (though)
→Even _________________________, I refused the dinner invitation.
12. If you exercise more, you’ll be fitter. (the)
→The _________________________ you’ll be.
Exercise 10. Complete the idioms using an appropriate word from the box.
dogs
cows
goat
bear
pig
elephan cat
rat
horse
fish
t
1. I felt like a ______ in the middle caught between the two rivals.
2. My sister drinks like a ______. She got through two bottles of wine last night.
3. The extension turned out to be a white ______as nobody needed the extra space.
4. You’re flogging a dead ______trying to persuade me to come with you. You’ll never get me to
change my mind.
5. I wouldn’t mind lending him money but what gets my ______is that he never pays me back.
6. Karen is like a ______with a sore head this morning. What has made her so bad tempered?
7. The man told me he had come to mend the photocopier but I began to smell a ______when I found
him in the director’s office.
8. The deal was supposed to be secret. Who let the ______out of the bag?
9. Since the new manager took over the business is really going to the ______. The service is not up to
standard and the staff are inexperienced.
10. I could stay and talk to you till the ______come home, but I really must leave now.

Exercise 11.Choose the correct answer

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

You should raise/rise/arise your hand to get the teacher’s attention.
She always lies/lays about her age so no one knows how old she really is.
We’ll have to put off making a decision because a problem has arisen/risen/raised.
It’s not good for you to lie/lay in bed all day.
I always wake up just after the sun has arisen/risen/raised.
They lied/laid/lay the unconscious man on the bed.
Everyone arose/rose/raised to their feet when the judge entered the courtroom.
She laid/lied/lay on the floor groaning in pain.

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