Medical terminology

N.Tran

Medical Terminology
Chapter 1
arthr
hepat
ven
oste
intrasub-itis
-ic
-ous
-pathy
-megaly
Chapter 2
aden/o
cyt/o
epitheli/o
fibr/o
hist/o
kary/o
lip/o
my/o
neur/o
organ/o
sarc/o
system/o
viscer/o

joint
liver
vein

bone
within
under
inflammation
pertaining to
pertaining to
disease
enlargement
gland
cell
epithelium
fiber
tissue
nucleus
fat
muscle
nerve
organ
flesh, connective tissue
system
internal organs

melan/o
xanth/o
diadyshypermetaneopro-al
-ic
-ous
-cyte
-gen

cancer/o
carcin/o
eti/o
gno/o
iatr/o
lei/o

cancer
cause of disease
knowledge
physician, medicine, treatment
smooth

-genic
-logist
-logy
-oid
-oma
-osis

onc/o
path/o

tumor, mass
disease

-pathy
-plasia

rhabd/o

somat/o
chrom/o
chlor/o
cyan/o
erythr/o
leuk/o

rod-shaped, striated
body
color
green
blue
red
white

-plasm
-sarcoma
-sis
-stasis

black
yellow
through, complete
painful, abnormal, difficult
above, excessive
after, beyond, change
new
before
pertaining to
cell

substance/agent that
produces/causes
producing, originating, causing
one who studies/treats
study of
resembling
tumor, swelling
abnormal condition, increase (blood
cell)
disease
condition of formation,
development, growth
growth, substance, formation
malignant tumor
state of
control, stop, standing


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benign
non-malignant, non-recurrent, favorable
carcinoma in situ
early stage cancer before invading surrounding tissue
chemotherapy (chemo)
treatment of cancer with drugs
encapsulated
enclosed in a capsule (ex: benign tumor)
exacerbation
increase in severity or symptoms of a disease

idiopathic
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
inflammation
response to tissue injury/destruction: redness, swelling, heat, pain
in vitro
within a glass, observable within a test tube
in vivo
within the living body
malignant
tending to become progressively worse and cause death
radiation therapy (XRT)
treatment of cancer with radioactivity
remission
improvement or absence of signs of disease
Chapter 3
anter/o
front
super/o
above
caud/o
tail, downward
ventr/o
belly, front
cephal/o head, upward
bitwo
dist/o
away from point of attachment
unione
dors/o
back

-ad
toward
infer/o
below
-ior
pertaining to
later/o
side
RUQ
right upper quadrant
medi/o
middle
LUQ
left upper quadrant
poster/o back, behind
RLQ
right lower quadrant
proxim/o near the point of attachment
LLQ
left lower quadrant
frontal, coronal
midsagittal
parasagittal
sagittal
transverse
Fowler position
lithotomy position
orthopnea position
prone position
recumbent position

Sims position
supine position
Trendelenburg position
umbilical region
lumbar regions
epigastric region
hypochondriac regions
hypogastric region
iliac/inguinal regions

vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior portions
vertical plane that divides body into equal right and left portions
vertical plane that divides body into unequal right and left portions
vertical plane that divides body into left and right portions
horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior portions
semi-sitting with slight knee elevation
lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups
sitting upright with pillows supporting head and chest
lying on abdomen facing downward
lying down in any position
lying on left side with right knee drawn up and left arm behind and parallel
to back
lying on back facing upward
lying on back so head is lower than feet
around the navel
to the right and left of navel near waist
superior to navel above the stomach
to the right and left of epigastric region
inferior to navel
to the right and left of hypogastric region near groin

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Chapter 4
cutane/o
derm/o
dermat/o
hidr/o
kerat/o
onych/o
ungu/o
seb/o
trich/o
aut/o
bi/o
coni/o
crypt/o
heter/o
myc/o
necr/o
pachy/o
rhytid/o
staphyl/o

skin
sweat
horny tissue, hard
nail
sebum, oil

hair
self
life
dust
hidden
other
fungus
death
thick
wrinkles
grape-like clusters

abrasion
abscess
acne
actinic keratosis
albinism
basal cell carcinoma
(BCC)
candidasis/thrush
carbuncle
cellulitis
contusion
eczema
fissure
furuncle, boil
gangrene
herpes
impetigo
infection

Kaposi sarcoma

strept/o
xer/o
epiintraparapersubtrans-a
-coccus
-ectomy
-ia
-itis
-malacia
-opsy
-phagia
-plasty
-rrhea
-tome

twisted chains
dry
on, upon, over
within
beside, beyond, around, abnormal
through
under, below
through, across, beyond
no meaning (noun ending)
berry-shaped
excision, surgical removal
diseased/abnormal state, condition
of
inflammation

softening
view of, viewing
eating, swallowing
surgical repair
flow, discharge
instrument used to cut

scraping of skin by mechanical injury
localized collection of pus
inflammatory skin disease involving sebaceous glands and hair follicles
precancerous skin condition of horny tissue from excess sunlight exposure
congenital hereditary condition characterized by lack of pigmentation
epithelial tumor arising from epidermis due to sun exposure, rarely
metastasizes
fungus infection of mouth, skin, or vagina caused by Candida albicans
skin infection composed of clusters of boils caused by staphylococcal
bacteria
inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection
injury with no break in the skin characterized by pain, swelling, and
discoloration
noninfectious inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, scabs,
itching
slit or crack-like sore in the skin
painful skin node caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle
death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply and bacterial invasion
inflammatory skin disease of small, clustered blisters caused by herpes virus
superficial skin infection caused by staphylo-, streptococci characterized by
pustules
invasion of pathogens in tissues
cancer that starts as purple-brown papules on lower body and spreads to

lymph nodes and internal organs, seen with AIDS


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laceration
lesion
MRSA infection
pediculosis
psoriasis

torn, ragged-edge wound
any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease
infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
invasion into skin and hair by lice
chronic skin condition producing red lesions with silvery scales

rosacea
scabies
scleroderma
squamous cell carcinoma
(SqCCA)
systemic lupus
erythemetous (SLE)
tinea, ringworm,
athlete’s foot
urticaria

chronic skin disorder that produces erythema, pustules, broken blood vessels
skin infection caused by the itch mite characterized by papule eruptions

skin disease characterized by chronic hardening of connective tissue of skin
malignant growth that develops from scale-like epithelial tissue, often
metastasizes
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving skin, joints, kidneys,
and nervous system characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation
fungal infection of skin, hair, and nails

vitiligo
cauterization
cryosurgery
debridement
dermabrasion
excision
incision
incision and drainage
(I&D)
laser surgery
Mohs surgery
suturing
alopecia
cicatrix
cyst
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
diaphoresis
ecchymosis
edema
erythema
induration
jaundice, xanthoderma
keloid

macule

itching skin eruption composed of wheals caused by allergies, disease, and
genetics
autoimmune disease of white patches of skin caused by destruction of
melanocytes
destruction of tissue with heat, cold, electricity, or caustic chemicals
destruction of tissue by extreme cold, often liquid nitrogen
removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from wounds
procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material
removal by cutting
surgical cut or wound
surgical cut to allow free flow or withdrawal of fluids
procedure using a high-powered light beam to cut, burn, vaporize, or
destroy tissue
technique of microscopically-controlled excision of skin cancers
to stitch together edges of a wound
loss of hair
scar
closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material
herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when immune system is
compromised
profuse sweating
escape of blood into the skin causing a small, flat blue-purple discoloration
puffy swelling of tissue from accumulation of fluid
redness
abnormal hard spot(s)
yellowing of the skin
white spots or patches on mucous membranes, possibly precancerous
flat, colored spot on the skin

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nevus, mole, birthmark
nodule
pallor
papule
petechia
pressure ulcer, bed sore
pruritis
purpura
pustule
ulcer
verruca, wart
vesicle
wheal

circumscribed malformation of the skin colored brown, black, or fleshcolored
small, knotlike mass on the skin
paleness
small, solid skin elevation
pinpoint skin hemorrhage
erosion of the skin from prolonged pressure, often seen in bedridden
patients
severe itching
small purple-red hemorrhages in the skin associated with blood disorders
elevation of skin containing pus
erosion of skin or mucous membrane
circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus

small elevation of skin containing pus
round, itchy skin elevation

Chapter 5: Respiratory System
adenoid/o
adenoids
alveoli/o
alveolus
bronchi/o
bronchus
bronch/o
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm
phren/o
epiglott/o
epiglottis
laryng/o
larynx
lob/o
lobe
nas/o
nose
rhin/o
pharyng/o
pharynx
pleur/o
pleura
pneumo/
pneumat/o
lung, air

pneumon/o
pulmon/o
lung
sept/o
septum (wall off, fence)
sinus/o
sinus
thorac/o
thorax, chest
tonsill/o
tonsil
trache/o
trachea
-algia
-ar
-ary
-eal
-cele
-centesis

atel/o
capn/o
hem/o
hemat/o
muc/o
orth/o
ox/i
ox/o
phon/o
py/o

somn/o
spir/o
aanendoeupanpolytachy-

pain
pertaining to
hernia, protrusion
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid with a sterile needle

imperfect, incomplete
carbon dioxide
blood
mucus
straight
oxygen
sound, voice
pus
sleep
breathe, breathing
absence of, without
within
normal, good
all, total
many, much
fast, rapid


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-ectasis

-emia
-graphy
-meter
-metry
-pexy
-pnea
-rrhagia
-scope
-scopy
-spasm
-stenosis
-stomy
-thorax
-tomy

stretching out, dilation, expansion
blood condition
process of recording, radiographic imaging
instrument used to measure
measurement
surgical fixation, suspension
breathing
rapid flow of blood
instrument used for visual examination
visual examination
sudden, involuntary muscle spasm (spasmodic contraction)
constriction, narrowing
creation of an artificial opening
chest
cut into, incision

acute respiratory distress
symdrome (ARDS)
asthma
chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD)
coccidioidomycosis
cor pulmonale
croup
cystic fibrosis (CF)

deviated septum
emphysema
epitaxis, rhinorrhagia
influenza
Legionnaire disease
obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA)
pertussis
pleural effusion
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
(PE)
tuberculosis (TB)

respiratory failure from disease or injury characterized by dyspnea,
tachypnea, and cyanosis
respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and
shortness of breath caused by reversible airway constriction

progressive lung disease that restricts air flow and makes breathing difficult;
components: chronic bronchitis, emphysema; results from cigarette smoking
fungal disease of lungs and sometimes other organs (aka valley fever, cocci)
serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders
condition of acute larynx obstruction characterized by cough and hoarseness
due to pathogens, allergies, or foreign bodies in children
hereditary disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus
production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other
symptoms
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller due to malformed/injured nasal
septum
stretching of lung tissue caused by distended and less-elastic alveoli
nosebleed
highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus
lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep leading to absence of breathing
which can produce daytime drowsiness and high blood pressure
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized
by an acute crowing inspiration, or whooping cough
fluid in pleural space caused by a disease or trauma
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
foreign matter in the circulation carried to the pulmonary artery and its
branches where it blocks circulation to the lungs, often carried from the legs;
may be fatal
infectious lung disease caused by an acid-fast bacillus bacteria, spread by


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upper respiratory

infection (URI)
chest computed
tomography (CT) scan
chest radiograph (CXR)
ventilation-perfusion
scanning (VPS)
acid-fast bacilli (AFB)
smear
arterial blood gases
(ABGs)
peak flow meter (PFM)
pulmonary function tests
(PFTs)
pulse oximetry
auscultation
percussion
PPD (purified protein
derivative) skin test
stethoscope
airway
asphyxia
aspirate
bronchoconstrictor
bronchodilator
cough
hiccup
hiccough
singultus
hyperventilation
hypoventilation

mucopurulent
mucus
nebulizer
nosocomial infection
paroxysm
patent
sputum
ventilator

inhalation
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (aka cold)
computerized images of the chest created in sections from front to back;
used to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion
radiographic image of the chest, lungs, and heart (aka chest x-ray)
nuclear medicine procedure to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other
conditions (aka lung scan)
test performed on sputum to determine presence of acid-fast bacilli (cause
TB)
test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of O2, CO2, and others
portable instrument to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung,
used to monitor asthma and adjust medication
group of tests to measure breathing and respiratory function; abnormal
tests are useful in distinguishing between COPD and asthma
noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood using a fingertip
device
act of listening for sounds within the body using a stethoscope
act of tapping a body surface to determine the density of the part (dull =
fluid)
test performed by injecting PPD of tuberculin bacillus intradermally; positive
test result = previous exposure, not necessarily an active infection

instrument used to hear internal body sounds
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs, also a mechanical
device used to keep passageway unobstructed
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use, suffocation
to withdraw or suction fluid, also to draw fluid into respiratory tract
agent that causes narrowing of the bronchi
agent that causes widening of the bronchi
sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs
sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic diaphragm contraction
ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill body needs
containing both mucus and pus
slimy fluid secreted by mucous membranes
device that creates a mist for respiratory treatment
infection acquired during hospitalization
periodic, sudden attack
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, as in patent trachea or
bronchi
mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through
mouth
mechanical device used to assist with breathing


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LTB
laryngotracheobronchitis
PSG
polysomnography
SOB

shortness of breath
RUL
right upper lobe
LUL
left upper lobe
RLL
right lower lobe
LLL
left lower lobe
Chapter 6: Urinary System
cyst/o
bladder, sac
vesic/o
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
meatus (opening)
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
albumin/o
albumin
azot/o
urea, nitrogen

blast/o
developing cell, germ cell
glyc/o
sugar
glycos/o
hydr/o
water
lith/o
stone, calculus

epispadias
hypospadias
polycystic kidney disease
renal calculus
renal failure
renal hypertension
urinary suppression
urinary tract infection
(UTI)
extracorporeal shock
wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
fulguration
renal transplant
KUB (kidney, ureter,
bladder)
flat plate of the

noct/i
olig/o
son/o

tom/o
urin/o
ur/o
-gram
-iasis
-esis
-lysis
-megaly
-ptosis
-rrhaphy
-tripsy
-trophy
-uria

night
scanty, few
sound
cut, section
urine, urinary tract
record, radiographic image
condition
loosening, dissolution, separating
enlargement
drooping, sagging, prolapsed
suturing, repairing
surgical crushing
nourishment, development
urine, urination

congenital defect where the urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the

penis
congenital defect where the urinary meatus is on the lower surface of the
penis
condition where the kidney is enlarged and contains many cysts
kidney stone
loss of kidney function
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
sudden stoppage of urine formation
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
noninvasive treatment for the removal of kidney or urethral stones using
ultrasonic and fluoroscopic imaging and repeated firing of shock waves
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark
surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a non-functioning kidney
simple radiographic image of the abdomen used to visualize the urinary
system, identify calculi, and diagnose intestinal obstruction


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abdomen
blood urea nitrogen
(BUN)
creatinine
specific gravity (SG)
urinalysis
catheter (cath)
distended
enuresis
hemodialysis (HD)
incontinence

micturate
peritoneal dialysis
stricture
urinal
urinary catheterization
urodynamics
void
ARF
CRF
ESRD
IVP
IVU
OAB
VCUG

blood test that measures urea level in blood, used to determine kidney
function
blood test that measures creatinine level in blood
urine test that measures concentrating/diluting ability of kidneys
multiple routine urine tests
flexible tube-like device for withdrawing or instilling fluids
stretched out
involuntary urination
procedure for removing impurities from the blood when kidneys are unable
inability to control bladder and/or bowels
to urinate or void
procedure for removing toxic wastes when kidneys are unable using
peritoneal cavity for fluid receptacle
abnormal narrowing
receptacle for urine

passage of catheter into urinary bladder to withdraw urine
pertaining to force and flow of urine
to empty or evacuate waste

acute renal failure
chronic renal failure
end-stage renal disease
intravenous pyelogram
intravenous urogram
overactive bladder
voiding cystourethrogram

Chapter 7: Male Reproductive System
balan/o
glans penis
epididym/o
epididymis
orchid/o
orchi/o
testis, testicle
orch/o
test/o
prostat/o
prostate
vas/o
vessel, duct
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
andr/o
male

sperm/o
spermatozoon
spermat/o


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erectile dysfunction (ED)
hydrocele
phimosis
priapism
testicular torsion

varicocele
circumcision
hydrocelectomy
radical prostatectomy
(RP)
suprapubic
prostatectomy
transurethral incision of
the prostate gland (TUIP)
transurethral microwave
thermotherapy (TUMT)
transurethral resection
of the prostate gland
(TURP)
transrectal ultrasound
(TRUS)
prostate-specific antigen

(PSA)
semen analysis
digital rectal
examination (DRE)
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)
artificial insemination
azoospermia
Chlamydia

coitus, copulation
condom
ejaculation
genital herpes
gonads
gonorrhea
heterosexual
homosexual
human

inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection (aka impotence)
scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
tightness of the foreskin that prevents retraction over the glans penis
persistent abnormal erection of the penis with pain and tenderness
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis;
occurs most often during puberty and causes severe pain; a surgical
emergency
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)

surgical removal of a hydrocele
excision of the prostate with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and
sometimes pelvic lymph nodes; used to treat prostate cancer
excision of the prostate through an abdominal incision and an incision
though the bladder; used to treat prostate cancer and benign prostate
hyperplasia
surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions
in the bladder and prostate
treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic
hyperplasia by using microwave heat
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate by using a resectoscope inserted in
the urethra; capsule left intact; used when prostate inhibits urination
ultrasound used to diagnose prostate cancer by sending and receiving sound
waves through the rectum
blood test that measures the level of PSA in the blood; elevated levels
indicate cancer or excess tissue
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen used to evaluate (in)fertility
physical exam in which the physician feels for the size and shape of the
prostate by inserting a finger into the rectum
disease that affects immune system, transmitted by contaminated blood or
sexual contact
introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means
lack of live sperm in the semen
an STD caused by C. trachomatis; symptoms of severe cases include
discharge and painful urination in men, and vaginal bleeding, itching, and
discharge in women
sex between a man and a woman
cover for the penis worn during sex to prevent conception and STD spread
ejection of semen from the male urethra
STD caused by Herpesvirus hominus type2 (aka herpes simplex virus)

male and female sex glands
contagious, inflammatory STD caused by a bacteria that affects
genitourinary mucous membranes
person who is attracted to people of the opposite sex
person who is attracted to people of the opposite sex
type of retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting T-helper cells of the immune


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immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
human papillomavirus
(HPV)
infertility
orgasm
puberty
sexually transmitted
disease (STD)
sterilization
syphilis
trichomoniasis

system, allowing for opportunistic infections (ex: candidiasis, PCP, TB, Kaposi
sarcoma)
STD that causes benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals
(aka venereal warts)
reduced or absent ability to produce offspring
climax of sexual simulation
period where secondary sex characteristics and ability to reproduce develop

diseases transmitted during sex (aka venereal disease, sexually transmitted
infection, STI)
process that renders a person unable to produce offspring
STD caused by Treponema pallidum; has 3 clinical stages and spreads
systemically if untreated
STD caused by single-celled Trichomonas that infects genitourinary tract;
males may be asymptomatic or develop urethritis, enlarged prostate,
epididymitis, and females develop itching, dysuria, and discharge

Chapter 8: Female Reproductive System
arche/o
first, beginning
cervic/o
cervix
colp/o
vagina
vagin/o
culd/o
cul-de-sac
episi/o
vulva
vulv/o
gynec/o
woman
gyn/o
hymen/o
hymen
hyster/o
metr/o
uterus

metr/i
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
men/o
menstruation
oophor/o
ovary
perine/o
perineum
salping/o
uterine (Fallopian) tube
perisurrounding, outer
-atresia
absence of normal, body
opening, closure, occlusion
-salpinx
uterine (Fallopian) tube
adenomyosis
breast cancer
cervical cancer
endometrial cancer

growth of endometrium into muscular portion of uterus
malignant tumor of the breast
malignant tumor of the cervix, progresses from cellular dysplasia, linked to
HPV
malignant tumor of the endometrium (aka uterine cancer)

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endometriosis
fibrocystic breast disease
fibroid tumor
ovarian cancer
pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID)
prolapsed uterus
toxic shock syndrome
(TSS)

vesicovaginal fistula
anterior and posterior
colporrhaphy (A&P
repair)
conization
dilation and curettage
(D&C)
endometrial ablation
laparoscopy,
laparoscopic surgery
myomectomy
sentinel lymph node
biopsy
stereotactic breast
biopsy
tubal ligation
uterine artery
embolization (UAE)

transvaginal sonography
(TVS)
CA-125 (cancer antigen125 tumor marker)
Pap smear
dyspareunia
fistula
hormone replacement
therapy (HRT)
menopause

abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows in various areas of
the pelvic cavity including ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, and intestines
disorder characterized by one or more benign cysts in the breast
benign tumor of the uterine muscle (aka myoma of the uterus, leiomyoma)
malignant tumor of the ovary
inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused my many
pathogens, may spread from vagina and cause infertility or fatal septicemia
downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina (aka hysteroptosis)
severe illness caused by Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes characterized by
fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia followed by hypotension and
possibly shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using
tampons
abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina
surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (bladder
protrusion against anterior vaginal wall) and a rectocele (rectal protrusion
against posterior vaginal wall)
surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; treatment for
noninvasive cervical cancer (aka cone biopsy)
dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium with a curette to
diagnose disease, correct bleeding, or empty uterine contents (such as postmiscarriage)

procedure to destroy or remove endometrium using laser or thermal energy;
used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding
visual exam of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope inserted near the
navel; used during surgical procedures involving the female reproductive
organs
excision of a fibroid tumor (myoma) from the uterus
injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope to identify, remove, and
microscopically examine the sentinel lymph nodes (first in axillary chain and
most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer)
technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to
obtain breast lesion tissue
closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying (ligation)
minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking
arteries that supply blood to them; arteriogram identifies the vessels and a
gelatin bead is inserted to block artery
ultrasound using a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the
female structures, diagnose tumors, and evaluate ovulation and fertility
blood test used to detect ovarian cancer and monitor treatment
cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to determine presence of
abnormal cells, such as cervical cancer
difficult or painful intercourse
abnormal passageway between two organs or an organ and a body surface
replacement of hormones (estrogen and/or progesterone) to treat
menopause symptoms
cessation of menstruation, usually around the age of 48-53 years


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premenstrual syndrome

(PMS)
speculum
Cx
SHG
TAH/BSO

TVH

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms in the 10 days before
menstruation; symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia,
edema, and headache; cause is not fully understood
instrument for opening a body cavity for visual inspection

cervix
sonohysterography
total abdominal
hysterectomy/bilateral salpingooophorectomy
total vaginal hysterectomy

Prefixes
Prefixes
Suffixes
Suffixes
Ante-: before
Nulli-: none
-amnios: amnion
-rrhexis: rupture
Micro-: small
Post-: after
-cyesis: pregnancy

-tocia: birth, labour
Multi-:many
Pre-: before
-partum: childbirth
e/is/us no meaning
Combining form
Combining form
Combining form
Combining form
Amni/: amnion
Esophag/: esophagus
Omphal/: umbilicus
Pseud/: false
Amnion/: amnion
Fet/: fetus
Par/: childbirth
Puerper/: childbirth
Cephal/: head
Gravid/: pregnancy
Part/: childbirth
Pylor/: pylorus
Chori/: chorion
Lact/: mild
Pelv/: pelvis
Embry/: embryo
Nat/: birth
Prim/: first
Gamete: Mature germ sell, either sperm (male) or ovum (female)
Ovulation: Expulsion of a mature ovum from an ovary
Conception or fertilization: when the sperm enters the ovum to form zygote; in the fallopian tubes.

Embryo: unborn offspring in the stage between implantation and to the end of the 2nd month of pregnancy.
Fetus: unborn offspring from the beginning of the 3rd month of pregnancy until birth
Gestation: development of a new individual from conception to birth
Implantation: embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining; 7 days after fertilization
Placenta: allows for nourishment of the unborn child
Amniotic sac: membranous bag that surround the fetus before delivery
Chorion: outermost layer of the fetal membrane
Amnion: innermost layer of the fetal membrane
Amniotic fluid: fluid within the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus
Abortion: termination of pregnancy; usually before 20 weeks of gestation
Abruption placentae: premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
Cleft lip and palate: congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth (cleft indicates a fissure)
Ectopic pregnancy: pregnancy occurring outside the uterus; fallopian tubes
Placenta previa: abornally low implantation of the placenta of the uterine wall; cesarean section may be necessary.
Preeclampsia: during pregnancy or after characterized by high blood pressure/edma but with no convulsions.
Eclampsia: Characterized by convulsion and coma; life-threatening disorder
Gastroschisis: fissue of the abdominal wall, Enterocele; protrusion of the intestine
Down syndrome: characterized by mental retardation and multiple defects
Erythroblastosis fetalis: occurring when the mom's blood is Ph negative and the infants blood is Ph positive.
Esophageal atresia: congenital absence of part of the esophagus.


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Respiratory distress syndrome: caused by immaturity of the respiratory system>compromised respiration
Spina bifida (divided spine): defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close.
Breech presenttation: parturition (act of giving birth) in which the buttocks, feet or knees emerge 1st
congenital anomaly: abnormality present at birth
Lochia: vaginal discharge after birth
Cesarean section: the birth of a baby thru an incision of the mom's abdomen and uterus

meconium: 1st stool of the newborn (greenish black)
obstetrician: physicians who specifalizes in obstetrics
obstetrics (OB): medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, birth, and puerperium
parturition: act of giving birth
premature infant: infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation
puerperium: period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal\
Prefixes
Brady-: slow
Tachy-: fast, rapid
Hemi-: half
Combining form
Ather: yellowish
Ech: sound
Electr: electricity
Isch: deficiency
Therm: heat

Suffixes
-ac: pertaining to
-apheresis: removal
-crit: to separate
Combining form
Thromb: clot
Angi: Vessel
Aort: aorta
Arteri: artery
Atri: atrium

Suffixes
-graph: instrument used to record

-odynia: pain
-penia: abnormal reduction in number
Combining form
Cardi: heart
Lymph: lymph
Vein: vein
Plasm: plasma
Splen: Spleen

Suffixes
-poiesis: formation
-sclerosis: hardening
Combining form
Thym: thymus gland
Valv: valve
Valvul: valve
Ventricul: Ventricle
-pepsin: digestion

Heart - circulates blood through upper(atriums) and lower(ventricles)
Tricuspid valve: located b/w the right atrium and right ventricle (mitral valve)
Bicuspid valve: located b/w the left atrium and left ventricle
Semilunar Valves: b/w the right ventricle/pulmonary artery and b/w the left ventricle/aorta
Pericardium: 2 layer sac covering the heart; serrous fluid
Myocardium: middle, thick, muscular layer
Endocardium: inner lining of the heart
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart. The pulmonary artery carries CO2 from the heart to the lungs.
Arterioles: smallest arteries
Aorta: largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax & abdomen
Veins: carry blood back to the heart. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lunges to the heart

Venules: smallest veins
Venae cavae: largest veins in the body.
Capillaries: microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.
Blood: composed of plasma + formed elements (erythrocytes/ leukocytes/thrombocytes)
Plasma: liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended
Serum: liquid portion w/o clotting factors
Erythrocytes: RBCs that carry O
Leukocytes: white blood cells that fight infection
Platelets: formed element that aids in clotting process
Lymph: transparent, colorless issue fluid
Lymph nodes: small, spherical bodies made of lymphoid tissue that acts as filters to keep bacteria from blood.
Spleen: in left side of abdominal cavity b/w stomach + diaphragm. In adults largest lymphatic organ.
Thymus gland: role in development of body’s immune system (infancy>puberty>atrophies)


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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS): sudden symptoms indicating unstable angina or MI
Anemia: Reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells
Aneurysm: ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
Angina pectoris: chest pain, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle
Cardiac arrest: sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation which CPR
Cardiac tamponade: acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
Coarctation of the aorta: congenical cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
Congenital heart disease: heart abnormality present at birth
Congestive heart failure (CHF): inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body
Coronary occlusion: obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually form atherosclerosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body(legs)
Dysrhythmia :any disturbance of abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic patter (arrhythmia)
Embolus: blood clot of foreign material, such as air or fat.

Fibrillation: rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contraction of the atria or ventricles
Hemochromatosis: an iron metabolism disorder that can cause congestive heart failure and diabetes.
Hemophilia: inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
Hemorrhoid: varicose vein in the rectal area, which may be internal or external
Hodgkin disease: malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized enlargement of nodes.
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD): Disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high pressure
Intermittent claudication: pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking.
Leukemia: malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal WBC formed in the bone marrow
Mitral Valve Stenosis: a narrowing of the mitral (bicuspid) valve from scarring caused by rheumatic fever
Myocardial Infaction (MI): death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen
Peripheral arterial Disease (PAD): disease of the arteries; symptom = intermittent claudication
Rheumatic fever: an inflammatory strep disease in children affecting upper respiratory tract
Rheumatic Heart Disease: damage to the heart muscle of heart valves caused by rheumatic fever
Varicose veins: distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
Sickle cell anemia: a hereditary, chronic hemolytic disease, crescent or sickle shaped red blood cells
Aeurysmectomy: Surgical excision of an aneurysm
Bone Marrow Transplant: infusion of normal bone marrow cells
Cardiac Pacemaker: battery-powered on nuclear-powered apparatus that regulates the heart rate
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle
Coronary stent: a supportive scaffold device implanted in the coronary artery that is used to prevent closure
Defibrillation: application of an electric shock to the myocardium
Embolectomy: excision of an embolus or clot
Femoropopliteal bypass: surgery to establish route from femoral artery to popliteal artery
Hemorrhoidectomy: excision of hemorrhoids, the varicosed veins in the rectal region
Implantable cardiac defibrillator: monitors heart rhythm>dysrhythmias occur>shock>normal
Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy: intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary vessels
Laser angioplasty: the use to light amplications to open blocked arteries, especially in lower extremities
Mitral Commissurotomy: surgical procedure to repair a stenosed mitral valve by breaking apart the leaves.
Percutaneous Tranluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA): Inflation of the balloon in plaqued vessel
DSA: digital x-ray of blood vessels that subtracts parts not studied

Doppler ultrasound: uses sound for detection of blood flow
SPECT: views heart from different angles and used to assess damage to cardiac tissue
Thallium test: nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary heart disease (not taken up by abnormal cells)


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IPG: measures venous flow of extremities
Diastole: phase where ventricles relax b/w contractions
Extracorporeal: outside the body
PT – promthrombin time

Prefix: hemi- half, Suffix: pepsia- digestion
Combining form
Combining form
Abdomen/:
colon/: colon
an/: anus
col/: colon
antr/: antrum
duoden/: duodenum
cec/: cecum
enter/: intestine
celi/: abdomen
esophag/: esophagus
Appendic/: Appendix
Gingiv/: Gum
Cheil/: Lip
Hepat/: Liver
Cholangi/: Bile duct

Palat /: Palate
Chol/:Gall
Peritone/: Peritoneum

Systole: phase where ventricles contract
Extravasation: escape of blood into tissue.
TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram

Combining form
gastr/: stomach
ile/: ileum
Jejun/: jejunum
lapar/: abdomen
or/: mouth
Choledoch/Common bile duct
Diverticul/: Diverticulum
Gloss/, Lingu/: Tongue
Polyp/: Polyp

Combining form
proct/: rectum
stomat/: mouth
Sigmoid/: sigmoid colon
rect/: rectum
Pancreat/: Pancreas
Pylor/: Pylorus
Uvul/: Uvula
Sial/: Saliva
Herni/: Hernia/protrusion

Mouth: mastication: breaks food into small particles
Tongue: Provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing
Palate: separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
Soft Palate: posterior portion, not supported by bone
Hard Palate: anterior portion, supported by bone
Uvula: soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate. Directs food into the throat.
Pharynx, throat: performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus
Esophagus: 10-inch tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
Stomach: J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion.
Cardia: area around the opening of the esophagus
Fundus: uppermost domed portion of the stomach
Body: Central portion of the stomach
Pylorus: lower part of the stomach that connects to the body of the stomach
Antrum: portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach
pyloric sphincter: ring of muscle that guards the opening b/w the stomach to the large intestine
Small intestine: 20-ft canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine
Duodenum: first 10-12 inches of the small intestine
Jejunum: 2nd portion, approx. 8 ft
Ileum: 3rd portion, approx. 11ft
Large intestine: canal that is approx. 5 ft long and extends from ileum to the anus
Cecum: blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
Colon: 2nd portion of the large intestine, divided into 4 parts.
Rectum: remaining portion of the large intestine; extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus
Anus: sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract
salivary glands: produce saliva, which flows into the mouth
Liver: produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats.


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Bile ducts: the hepatic duct is a passage way for bile from the liver
Gallbladder: small, saclike structure that stores bile
Pancreas: pancreatic juice; which helps digest all food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism
Appendix: small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum
Abdomen: portion of the body b/w the thorax and the pelvis
Adhesion: abnormal growing together of 2 surfaces that normal are separated.
Anorexia Nervosa: psychoneurotic disorder, prolonged refusal to eat
Bulimia Nervosa: eating disorder involving gorging with food.
Cirrhosis: chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells; alcoholism
Crohn disease: chronic inflammation usually affecting the ileum; characterized by cobblestone ulcerations
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus
Ileus: Obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis
Intrussusception: telescoping of a segment of the intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): periodic disturbance of bowel function
Polyp: tumor like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign
Ulcerative colitis: inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers; diarrhea
Volvulus: twisting of kinking of the intestine> intestinal obstruction
Abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection): removal of the colon and rectum thru both abdominal
Anastomosis: surgical connection b/w two normally distinct structures
Vagotomy: cutting of performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid
Barium enema (BE): series of x-ray images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has be given
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): x-ray exam of the bile/pancreatic ducts
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound provides images of intestinal wall.
Fecal occult blood test: to detect occult blood in feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer orpolyps.
Helicobacter pylori antibodies test (H. Pylori): a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. \
Upper GI series: series of x-ray images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium and been swallowed
Ascites: abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Diarrhea: frequency discharge of liquid stool
Dysentery: disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain
Feces: waste from digestive tract expelled from anus

Gastric lavage: washing out the stomach
Hematemesis: vomiting of blood
Melena: black, tarry stool that contains digested blood, from bleeding of upper GI tract.
Nausea: urge to vomit
Peristalsis: involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract
Reflux: abnormal backward flow. Esophageal reflux, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus
Vomit: matter expelled from stomach through the mouth
Chapter 12
Prefixes
Bin-: two
Combining form
Blephar/: eyelid
Conjunctiv/:
Cor/, Core/, Pupil/:
Cry/: cold

Suffixes
-opia: vision
Combining form
Lacrim/, Dacry/: tear
Corne/,Kerat/: cornea
Dipl/: two
Iri/, Irid/: iris

Suffixes
-phobia: abnormal fear
Combining form
Ophthalm/, Ocul/: eye
Opt/: vision
Phot/: light

Retin/: retina

Suffixes
-plegia: paralysis
Combining form
Scler/: sclera
Ton/: tension


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Sclera: outer protective layer of the eye(white)
Cornea: transparent anterior part of the sclera; lies over the iris
Choroid: middle layer of the eye; many blood vessels
Iris: pigmented muscular structure that allows light to pass thru
Pupil: opening in the centre of the eye
Lens: behind the pupil; focus and bend light
Retina: innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors
Aqueous humor: watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye
Vitreous humor: substance found behind the lens that maintains it’s shape
Meibomian glands: oil glands found in eye that lubricate it
Lacrimal glands and ducts: produce and drain tears
Optic nerve: carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain
Conjunctiva: mucous membrane lining the eyelids
Astigmatium (Ast): defective curvature of the refractive surface of the eye
Cataract: clouding of the lens of the eye
Chalazion: obstruction of the oil gland of the eyelid
Detached retina: separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye
Emmetropia (Em): normal refractive conditions
Glaucoma: optic nerve damage usually caused by the abnormal increase of intraocular pressure>blindness

Hyperopia: farsightedness
Macular degeneration: deterioration macula lutea>resulting in loss of central vision
Myopia: nearsightedness
Nyctalopia: poor vision at night or in faint light
Nystagmus: involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes
Presbyopia: impaired vision as a result of aging
Perygium: thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva; caused from sun exposure
Retinitis pigmentosa: hereditary disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes
Strabismus: condition of crossing eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point
Stye (hordeolum): infection of an oil gland of the eyelid
Enucleation: surgical removal of the eyeball
LASIK: laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct sight.
Phacomulsification : method to remove cataracts via an ultrasonic needle probe
Photorefractive keratectomy: treatment of nearsightedness used to reshape the corneal surface
Retinal photocoagulation: procedure to repair tears in the retina by use of an intense, focused light
Scleral buckling: a procedure to repair a detached retina. A strip of sclera is resected.
Trabeculectomy: surgical creation of a drain to reduce intraocular pressure (used to treat glaucoma)
Vitrectomy: vitreous removal of all or part of the vitreous humor (used to treat diabetic retinopathy)
Miotic: agent that constricts the pupil
Mydriatic: agent that dilates the pupil
Oculus dexter (OD): medical term for right eye
Oculus sinister (OS): medical term for left eye
Oculus uterque (OU): medical term for each eye
Optician: a specialist who fills prescription for lenses (cannot prescribe lenses)
Optometrist: a health professional who prescribes corrective lenses or eye exercises
Visual acuity (VA): sharpness of vision for either distance or nearness


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Nose

Nasal septum

Paranasal sinuses

Chapter 5 Terminology
Lined with mucous
Trachea
membrane and fine hairs; it
acts as a filter to moisten and
warm the entering air
Partition separating the right Bronchus (pl.
and left nasal cavities
bronchi)

Air cavities within the cranial
bones that open into the
nasal cavities
Serves as a food and air
passageway. Air enters form
the nasal cavities and passes
through the pharynx to the
larynx. Food enters the
pharynx from the mouth and
passes into the esophagus;
(also called the throat).
Lymphoid tissue located
behind the nasal cavity

Bronchioles

Tonsils

Lymphoid tissue located
behind the mouth

Pleura

Larynx

Location of the vocal cords.
Air enters from the pharynx
(also called the voice box).

Diaphragm

Epiglottis

Flap of cartilage that
automatically covers the
opening of and keeps food
from entering the larynx
during swallowing
Adenoids

Mediastinum

Pharynx

Adenoids

Adenoid/o

Passageway for air to the
bronchi; (also called the
windpipe).
One of two branches from the
trachea that conducts air into
the lungs, where it divides
and subdivides. The
branchings resemble a tree;
therefore, they are referred
to as a bronchial tree.
Smallest subdivision of the
bronchial tree.

Alveolus (pl.
alveoli)

Air sacs at the end of the
bronchioles. Oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged
through the alveolar walls
and the capillaries.

Lungs

Two spongelike organs in the
thoracic cavity. The right lung

consists of three lobes, and
the left lung has two lobes.
Double-folded serous
membrane covering each
lung and lining the thoracic
cavity with a small space
between, called the pleural
cavity, which contains serous
fluid.
Muscular partition that
separates the thoracic cavity
from the abdominal cavity. It
aids in the breathing process
by contracting and pulling air
in, then relaxing and pushing
air out.
Space between the lungs. It
contains the heart,
esophagus, trachea, great
blood vessels, and other
structures.
Pleura

Pleur/o


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Alveol/o

Alveolus

Lung, air

Bronchus

Pneum/o,
Pneumat/o,
Pneumon/o
Pulmon/o

Bronchi/o,
Bronch/o
Diaphragmat/o,
Phren/o
Epiglott/o
Laryng/o
Lob/o
Nas/o, Rhin/o
Pharyng/o
Capn/o
Hem/o, Hemat/o
Muc/o
Orth/o
Ox/i, Ox/o
EndoEuPan-ar, -ary, -eal
-cele

Diaphragm

Sept/o

Septum (wall off, fence)

Epiglottis
Larynx
Lobe
Nose
Pharynx
Carbon dioxide
Blood
Mucus
Straight
Oxygen
Within
Normal, good
All, total
Pertaining to
Hernia or protrusion

Sinus/o
Thorac/o
Tonsill/o
Trache/o
Atel/o
Phon/o
Py/o
Somn/o
Spir/o
A-, AnPolyTachy-algia

-rrhagia
-scope

Surgical puncture to aspirate
fluid (with a sterile needle)
Stretching out, dilation,
expansion
Blood condition

-scopic

Sinus
Thorax (chest)
Tonsil
Trachea
Imperfect, incomplete
Sound, voice
Pus
Sleep
Breathe, breathing
Absence of, without
Many, much
Fast, rapid
Pain
Rapid flow of blood
Instrument used for visual
examination
Pertaining to visual
examination
Visual examnation

-centesis

-stenosis

-meter

Process of recording,
radiographic imaging
Instrument used to measure

-metry
-pexy
-pnea

Measurement
Surgical fixation, suspension
Breathing

-throrax
-tomy
Adenoiditis

Alveolitis

Inflammation of the alveolus.

Pleuritis

Atelectasis

Incomplete expansion (of the
lung or portion of the lung).

Pneumatocele

Bronchiectasis

Dilation of the bronchi.

Pneumoconiosis

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi.

Pneumonia

-ectasis
-emia

-graphy

-scopy
-spasm

-stomy

Lung

Sudden, involuntary muscle
contraction (spasmodic
contraction)
Constriction or narrowing
Creation of an artificial
opening
Chest
Cut into or incision
Inflammation of the
adenoids.
Infammation of the pleura
(also called pleurisy).
Hernia of the lung (lung tissue
protrudes through an
opening in the chest).
Abnormal condition of dust in
the lungs.
Diseased state of the lung
(the infection and


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Bronchogenic
carcinoma
Bronchopneumoni
a

Cancerous tumor originating
in a bronchus.

Diseased state of the bronchi
and lungs, (usually caused by
infection).

Pneumonitis

Diaphragmatocele

Hernia of the diaphragm.

Epiglottitis

Inflammation of the
epiglottis.
Blood in the chest (pleural
space).
Inflammation of the larynx.

Pulmonary
neoplasm
Pyothorax

Hemothorax
Laryngitis
Laryngotracheobr
onchitis (LTB)
Lobar pneumonia

Nasopharyngitis
Pansinusitis

Pharyngitis
Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome
(ARDS)

Asthma

Chronic
obstructive

Inflammation of the larynx,
trachea, and bronchi (the
acute form is called croup).
Pertaining to the lobe(s);
diseased state of the lung
(infection of one or more
lobes of the lung).
Inflammation of the nose and
pharynx
Inflammation of all sinuses
Inflammation of the pharynx
Respiratory failure as a result
of disease or injury.
Symptoms include dyspnea,
tachypnea, and cyanosis (also
called Adult respiratory
distress syndrome).
Respiratory disease
characterized by paroxysms
of coughing, wheezing, and

shortness of breath, which is
caused by constriction of
airways that is reversible
between attacks.
A progressive lung disease
that restricts air flow, which

Pneumothorax

Rhinitis
Rhinomycosis
Rhinorrhagia

inflammation are caused by
bacteria such as
Pneumococcus,
Staphylococcus,
Streptococcus, and
Haemophilus; viruses; and
fungi).
Inflammation of the lung.
Air in the chest (pleural
space), which causes collapse
of the lung (often a result of
an open chest wound).
Pertaining to (in) the lung,
new growth (tumor).
Pus in the chest (pleural
space)(also called empyema)
Inflammation of the (mucous

membranes) nose.
Abnormal condition of fungus
in the nose.
Rapid flow of blood from the
nose (also called epistaxis).

Thoracalgia

Pain in the chest.

Tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsils.

Tracheitis
Tracheostenosis
Influenza

Inflammation of the trachea.
Narrowing of the trachea.
Highly infectious respiratory
disease caused by a virus
(also called flu).

Legionnaire
disease

A lobar pneumonia caused by
the bacterium Legionella
pneumophila.

Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA)

Repetitive pharyngeal
collapse during sleep, which


N.Tran

pulmonary disease
(COPD)

Coccidioidomycosi
s

Cor pulmonale

makes breathing difficult.
Chronic bronchitis and
emphysema are the two main
components of COPD, but it
may also be caused by chonic
asthmatic bronchitis. Most
COPD is a result of cigarette
smoking.
Fungul disease affecting the
lungs and sometimes other
organs of the body (also
called valley fever or cocci).

leads to absence of
breathing; can produce
daytime drowsiness and
elevated blood pressure.

Pertussis

Serious cardiac disease
associated with chronic lung
disorders, such as
emphysema.
Condition resulting from
acute obstruction of the
larynx, characterized by a
barking cough, hoarseness,
and stridor. It may be caused
by viral or bacterial infection,
allergy, or foreign body.
Occurs mainly in children.
Hereditary disorder of the
exocrine glands characterized
by excess mucus production
in the respiratory tract,
pancreatic deficiency, and
other symptoms.

Pleural effusion

Deviated septum

One part of the nasal cavity is
smaller because of
malformation or injury of the
nasal septum.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Emphysema

Stretching of lung tissue
caused by the alveoli
becoming distended and
losing elasticity.

Upper respiratory
infection (URI)

Croup

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Highly contagious bacterial
infection of the respiratory
tract characterized by an
acute crowing inspiration, or
whoop (also called whooping
cough).
Fluid in the pleural space
caused by a disease process

or trauma.

Pulmonary edema

Fluid accumulation in the
alveoli and bronchioles.

Pulmonary
embolism (PE)(pl.
emboli)

Matter foreign to the
circulation, carried to the
pulmonary artery and its
branches, where it blocks
circulation to the lungs and
can be fatal if of sufficient
size or number. Blood clots
broken loose from the deep
veins of the lower extremities
are the most common source
of emboli.
An infectious disease, caused
by an acid-fast bacillus, most
commonly spread by
inhalation of small particles
and usually affecting the
lungs.
Infection of the nasal cavity,
pharynx, or larynx (commonly

called a cold).


N.Tran

Epistaxis

Adenoidectomy

Excision of adenoids.

Rhinoplasty

Surgical repair of the nose.

Bronchoplasty

Nosebleed (synonymous with
rhinorrhagia).
Surgical instrument used to
cut the adenoids.
Surgical repair of a bronchus.

Septoplasty

Laryngectomy

Excision of the larynx.

Septotomy

Laryngoplasty
Laryngostomy

Surgical repair of the larynx.
Creation of an artificial
opening into the larynx.

Sinusotomy
Thoracocentesis

Larngotracheotom
y
Lobectomy

Incision of the larynx and
trachea.
Excision of a lobe (of the
lung).
Surgical fixation of the
pleura.
Incision of lung and bronchus.

Thoracotomy

Surgical repair of the (nasal)
septum.
Incision into the (nasal)
septum.
Incision of a sinus.

Surgical puncture to aspirate
fluid from the chest cavity
(also called thoracentesis).
Incision into the chest cavity.

Tonsillectomy

Excision of the tonsils.

Tracheoplasty

Surgical repair of the trachea.

Tracheostomy

Excision of a lung.
Instrument used for visual
examination of the bronchi.
Visual examination of the
bronchi.
Instrument used for visual
examination within (a hollow
organ or body cavity).
(Current trend is to use
endoscopes for surgical
procedure as well as for
viewing.)
Pertaining to visual
examination within (a hollow
organ or body cavity)(used to

describe the practice of
performing surgeries that use
endoscopes)
Visual examination within (a
hollow organ or body cavity).
Instrument used for visual
examination of the larynx.
Visual examination of the
larynx.

Tracheotomy
Thoracoscope

Creation of an artificial
opening into the trachea.
Incision of the trachea.
Instrument used for visual
examination of the thorax.
Visual examination of the
thorax.
Instrument used to measure
carbon dioxide (levels in
expired gas).

Adenotome

Pleuropexy
Pneumobronchoto
my
Pneumonectomy

Bronchoscope
Bronchoscopy
Endoscope

Endoscopic

Endoscopy
Laryngoscope
Laryngoscopy

Thoracoscopy
Capnometer

Oximeter

Instrument used to measure
oxygen (saturation in the
blood).

Spirometer

Instrument used to measure
breathing (or lung volumes).
A measurement of breathing
(or lung volumes).
Process of recording many
(tests) during sleep
(performed to diagnose
obstructive sleep apnea. Tests
include electrocardiography,

Spirometry
Polysomnography
(PSG)


N.Tran

Radiography

Produces images of internal
organs by using ionizing
radiation.
Produces scans of
computerized images of body
organs in sectional slices.

Ultrasonography

Nuclear medicine

Produces scans by using
radioactive material.

Laboratory

Magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI)

Produces scans that give
information about the body’s
anatomy by placing the
patient in a magnetic field.
Computerized images of the
chest created in sections
sliced from front to back.
Performed to diagnose
tumors, abscesses, and
pleural effusion. Computed
tomography is used to
visualize other body parts
such as the abdomen and the
brain.
A radiographic image of the
chest performed to evaluate
the lungs and the heart (also
called a chest x-ray).
A nuclear medicine procedure
performed to diagnose a
pulmonary embolism and
other conditions (also called a
lung scan).

Pulmonary
function tests

A test performed on sputum
to determine the presence of
acid-fast bacilli, which cause

tuberculosis.

Percussion

Computed
tomography (CT)

Chest computed
tomography (CT)
scan

Chest radiograph
(CXR)

Ventilationperfusion scanning
(VPS)

Acid-fast bacilli
(AFB) smear

Endoscopy

electromyography,
electroencephalography, air
flow monitoring, and
oximetry.
Produces scans by using highfrequency sound waves.
Uses endoscopes, which are
lighted, flexible instruments,
to visually examine a hollow

organ or body cavity, such as
the bronchus.
Procedures are performed on
specimens such as blood,
tissue, and urine.
Performed in a variety of
methods to determine lung
function.

Pulmonary
function tests
(PFTs)

A group of tests performed to
measure breathing and used
to determine respiratory
function; when abnormal,
they are useful in
distinguishing COPD from
asthma.

Pulse oximetry

A noninvasive method of
measuring oxygen in the
blood by using a device that
attaches to the fingertip.
The act of listening for sounds
within the body through a
stethoscope. Used for

assessing and/or diagnosing
conditions of the lungs,
pleura, heart, and abdomen.
The act of tapping of a body
surface with the fingers to
determine the density of the
part beneath by the sound
obtained. A dull sound
indicates the presence of fluid
in a body space or cavity such
as in the pleural space.

Auscultation


N.Tran

Arterial blood
gases (ABGs)

A test performed on arterial
blood to determine levels of
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
other gases present.

PPD (purified
protein derivative)
skin test

Peak flow meter

(PFM)

A portable instrument used to
measure how fast air can be
pushed out of the lung; used
to help monitor asthma and
adjust medication
accordingly.
Condition of absence (less
than the normal level) of
carbon dioxide (in the blood).
Pertaining to the alveolus.

Stethoscope

Condition of absence
(deficiency) of oxygen.
Condition of absence of voice.

Laryngeal

Absence of breathing.
Pertaining to the bronchi and
alveoli.
Spasmodic contraction in the
bronchi.
Pertaining to the diaphragm
(also called phrenic).
Condition of difficult speaking
(voice).

Difficult breathing.
Pertaining to within the
trachea.
Normal breathing.

Mucoid
Mucous

Hypercapnia

Condition of excess carbon
dioxide (in the blood).

Pulmonology

Hyperpnea

Excessive breathing.

Rhinorrhea

Hypocapnia

Condition of deficient carbon
dioxide (in the blood).

Tachypnea

Acapnia

Alveolar

Anoxia
Aphonia
Apnea
Bronchoalveolar
Bronchospasm
Diaphragmatic
Dysphonia
Dyspnea
Endotracheal
Eupnea

A test performed on
individuals who have recently
been exposed to tuberculosis.
PPD of the tuberculin bacillus
is injected intradermally.
Positive tests indicate
previous exposure, not
necessarily active
tuberculosis (also called TB
skin test).
An instrument used to hear
internal body sounds; used
for performing auscultation
and blood pressure
measurement.

Hypoxia

Condition of deficient oxygen
(to the tissues).

Inrapleural

Pertaining to within the
pleura (space between the
two pleural membranes).
Pertaining to the larynx.

Laryngospasm

Nasopharyngeal
Orthopnea
Phrenalgia
Phrenospasm
Pulmonary
Pulmonologist

Spasmodic contraction of the
larynx.
Resembling mucus.
Pertaining to mucus.
Pertaining to the nose and
pharynx.
Able to breath easier in a
straight (upright) position.
Pain in the diaphragm (also
called diaphragmalgia).

Spasm of the diaphragm.
Pertaining to the lungs.
A physician who studies and
treats diseases of the lung.
Study of the lung (a branch of
medicine dealing with
diseases of the lung).
Discharge from the nose (as
in a cold).
Rapid breathing.