cấu trúc và ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp lớp 9

Forms of verbs
A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about the forms of verbs and do exercises.
B/ Procedures :
I/ GRAMMAR: Forms of verbs
1/ TO V( to infinitive ) : đợc sử dụng trong các trờng hợp sau:
+ Sau các động từ : want, intend, decide, expect, hope, offer, wish, mean, promise, refuse, learn,
like, agree, fail, attempt ( cố gắng ), arrange, neglect ( lơ là ), plan, manage, need, seem,
threaten ( đe doạ ).....
+ Sau Adj : S + be + adj + to do sth
glad, happy, ready, kind, difficult, easy, willing ( quan tâm, tự nguyện ), interesting, eager,
luckey, pleased, disappointed ( thất vọng ).......
Eg: I'm glad to hear that you passed the exam
+ Trong cấu trúc : S + V + O + TIME + to V
It took me 2 days to read the book.
+ Trong cấu trúc : S + V1 + ( not ) to V2
He advised me ( not) to go there.
Khi V1 là : ask, get , tell, want, advise, request, order, persude, invite, force, help, encourage,
allow, permit, remind( nhắc nhở ), warn.......
+ Trong cấu trúc : TOO Adj / Adv + ( for sb ) + to do sth
OR Adj/ Adv + ENOUGH + ( for sb ) + to do sth
He's old enough to drive a car.
+ Sau V: make, see, hear, watch, notice..... ở bị động
I was made to laugh a lot
+ Biểu đạt mục đích thay cho : in order to / so as to
I went to / in order to see him
+ Trong cấu trúc : S + be + the first/ second.... to do sth.
He was the first person to leave the party.
= He was the first person who left the party.
2/ V ( bare infinitive ): đợc sử dụng trong các trờng hợp sau:
+ Sau Modals : can, may, must, need, will, shall, should,would rather, had better, had best,
ought to, used to, have to, dare............

You had better stay at home.
She'd better not stay up late
+ Trong cấu trúc V là động từ tri giác : see, hear, notice, watch.....sb do sth
I saw the goalkeeper catch the ball beautifully.
+ Trong cấu trúc V là : make , let, have sb do sth: ( Have sb do sth : Nhờ ai làm gì )
Let him go out
The actor made them laugh a lot ( Bắt ai làm gì )
+ Trong cấu trúc : '' suggest/ demand/ insist that sb do / should do sth''
I suggest that he learn/ should learn harder.
+ Dùng sau : but, except ( trừ, ngoại trừ )
We can do nothing but wait
She does nothing but complain ( Cô ta chẳng làm gì ngoài việc kêu ca)
3/ V- ING : đợc sử dụng trong các trờng hợp sau:


+ Sau một số V: prefer, mind, enjoy, admit ( thoả mãn ), deny, like, dislike, hate, finish, start,
keep, stop, practice..........
I like learning English.
+ Sau phrasal verbs: be/ get used to, look forward to, have a good time, have a hard time, be
busy, it's no good/ use/ there's no point in ( vô ích khi làm gì ), It's ( not ) worth ( thật '' không ''
đáng ) ............
She is busy learning
This book is worth watching
There's no point in teaching you
+ Trong cấu trúc với V tri giác , biểu hiện hành động đang diễn ra.
We could see the woman coming down.
+ Theo sau một số V + preposition: about , of, with, without....
She left without saying any word.
+ Bắt đầu một ngữ phân từ mang nghĩa chủ động
Seeing him running, I went to see what was wrong.

Being + Adj : Being tall is an advantage in life.
Not being tall is a disadvantage in life.
+ Go + V-ing : go fishing, go camping, go jogging / hiking/ cycling/ shopping.....
+ Can't help + V- ing : ( Không thể nhịn đợc )
When he tells a joke, I can't help laughing.
+ Can't stand/ bear + V- ing : ( không thể chịu đợc )
I can't bear living with him.
I can't stand listening to you
+ To sit/ stand/ lie/ walk somewhere + V- ing He sat in an armchair reading a book.
+ To catch/ find/ discover + sb + V- ing I caught the boy stealing apples in the garden.
+ need + V- ing ( nghĩa bị động )
My motorbike needs reparing
II/ Exercises:
1) Supply the correct verb forms:
1.Tourists could see fish ( swim)....... along the brook ( lạch, dòng suối nhỏ )
2.The form teacher has asked Jack ( write ) ....... an assay on the Thames.
3. It sometimes may be difficult ( get ) ....... a taxi during rush hour.
4.The rain has made the children ( stop ) .......their game.
5. She tells the driver ( take ) ....... her to the railway station.
6. Does Mrs Green have them ( carry ) ........these books back home ?
7. The principal noticed those students ( try )....... harder and harder.
8. Children have just stopped ( play ) .......... football.
9. They keep ( talk )........ about an old friend they met yesterday.
10. We heard Mr Brown ( park )....... his car near the gate.
11. They had their house ( paint )............. before Tet holiday.
12. I advised him ( wait ) ...... for me at the airport.
13. Would you mind ( help )....... me with this work ?
14. Do you smell something ( burn )........ in the kitchen ?
15. Mother requests her daughter not ( come ) .........back home late .
16. Each of us is ready ( do ) ........ the work.

17. My mother is good at ( cook ) ..........
18. They are old enough ( go ) ........ out themselves.
19. His house needs ( repaint ) .......
20. They had better ( keep ) .......secret.
2) Multiple choice
1. This film is ................. than the one we saw last week.
A.as good
B.gooder
C.more good
D.better
2. My brother won’t come here ...................10 p.m.
A.until
B.to
C.than
D.in
3. I couldn’t find your number in the telephone .......................
A.department
B.director
C.directory
D.inquiry
4. They live in a ..................... of Oxford, and come into town by bus.
A.suburb
B.area
C.center
D.countryside
5. How long will it .............. you to get there?
A.go
B.need

C.have
D.take
6. Mr Brown invented the machine .......................
A.hisself
B.itself
C.himself
D.Both B and C are correct
7. Before he went to bed, Mr Thomson ..................... the lights.
A.closed
B.turned on
C.closed up
D.switched off
8. It was ................. a difficult question that we couldn’t answer it.
A.so
B.such
C.very
D.too
9. I was born in Scotland but I .................. in Northern Ireland.
A.grew up
B.raised
C.brought up
D.rose
10. No one has ever asked me that question before.
In passive voice this sentence should read
A. That question has never been asked me before
B. That question has never been asked me before by anyone
C. I have not ever been asked that question before
D. I have never been asked that question before
11. ..................... is the amount you must pay to ride a bus.
A.Money

B.Fee
C.Fare
D.Tax
12. Do you .............. turning the television now?
A.want
B.object
C.mind
D.disapprove
13. Trung swim very well and ............. does his brother.
A.also
B.so
C.even
D.neither
14. There is enough ..........................about aspects of American life here.
A.information
B.annoucement
C.declaration
D.qualification
15. Don’t ever do that again, ..................
A.don’t you
B.do you
C.will you
D.won’t you
16. The house ............... in green was built three years ago.
A.painting
B.paint
C.painted
D.was painted
17. After arriving home, they usually .................. their uniforms.
A.take out

B.put out
C.take off
D.put off
18. Bill Gate, ................ is the president of Microsoft Company, is a billionare.
A.who
B.whom
C.that
D.whose


19. My favourite ............... at school was history.
A.topic
B.class
C.theme
D.subject
20. Helens parents were very pleased when they read her school ...............
A.report
B.papers
C.diploma
D.account
3/Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets
1. What you (do)..last weekend?
-I (go)to the theater with my family.
2. John and I (be)..pen pals for nearly three years.
3. We used (write)to each other every month when we ( be)at
secondary school.
4. Minh (know).a little English , so she (wish)..she (can)
..speak it fluently.
5. Maryam (stay)..with us at the moment. She (be).my sisters
friend.

* Answers:
1/
1.swimming
2. to write
3. to get
4. stop
5. to take

6. carry
7. to try
8. playing
9. talking
10. park

11. painted
12. to wait
13. helping
14. burning
15. to come

16. to do
17. cooking
18. to go
19.repainting
20. keep

2/ Multiple choice
1. D
6. C
11. C

16. C
2. A
7. D
12. C
17. D
3. B
8. B
13. B
18. A
4. A
9. A
14. A
19. D
5. D
10. D
15. C
20. A
3/
1. did you do
2. have been
3. to write were
4. knows wishes could
5. is staying- is
- ing form or infinitive
A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about ing form or infinitive and do
exercises.
B/ Procedures :
I / GRAMMAR
1/ Động từ nguyên thể đứng sau động từ to be
Eg : His ambition is to become a director.

( Tham vọng của ông ấy là trở thành giám đốc)


2/ Những động từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể- agree
đồng ý
- regret
tiếc phải làm gì
- arrange
sắp xếp
- try
cố gắng
- attempt
cố gắng
- decide
quyết định
- fail
thất bại
- offer
đề nghị
- neglect
lơ là
- want
- threaten
đe dọa
- seem
có vẻ, dờng nh
- plan
lập kế hoạch
- promise
hứa

- manage
xoay sở
- expect
mong chờ
- refuse
từ chối
- hope
hy vọng
- remember
nhớ phải làm gì
- need
cần
Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man.
- I'll arrange to meet her.
- They decided to move to Ha Noi.
- Tom failed to catch the train.
- I hope to see you again.
-They offer to do the shopping for us.
- I managed to get out of the car.
- She promised to wait for him.
- The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police. ( Bọn bắt cóc
dọa giết đứa bé nếu bố mẹ cậu báo cảnh sát)
3/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể
- advise
sb to do sth khuyên
- encourage
khuyến khích
- allow
cho phép
- permit

cho phép
- remind
nhắc
- warn sb not to do sth
cảnh báo ai đừng làm gì
- tell sb to do / not to do sth bảo ai làm gì / không làm gì
- order
ra lệnh
- persuade
thuyết phục
- invite
mời
- want
- force
bắt buộc
- ask
yêu cầu
- help
Eg : - The doctor advised me to do morning exercise.
- I remind Minh to bring the umbrella.
- They allow their children to watch TV in the evening.
- My family encouraged me to apply for the job.
4/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể không "to"
- make sb do sth ( Bắt ai làm gì )
- let sb do sth
- hear sb do sth
- watch sb do sth
- see sb do sth

- have sb do sth = get sb to do sth (nhờ ai làm gì)
Eg : - Our father made us work hard.
- Don't let him go out too much.
- I had my neighbour repair my bike. = I got my neighbour to repair my bike.
- Someone saw him steal the car.
5. Những cụm từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể
- to be about to do sth ( sắp sửa làm gì)
- to be able to do sth ( có khả năng làm gì)
- do / try one's best to do sth ( cố gắng hết sức làm gì)
Eg : - I was about to leave when it started to rain.
- Try your best !
- She hasn't been able to find a job yet.
( Cô ta vẫn cha thể tìm đợc công việc)
6. Động từ nguyên thể dùng sau but , except (trừ, ngoại trừ)
Eg : - We can do nothing but wait.
- She does nothing but complain. ( Cô ta chẳng làm gì ngoài việc kêu ca.)
7. S + V + noun + to do sth
Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain.
- We have a lot of work to do.
2/Verb -ing dùng làm tân ngữ
Bảng dới đây là những động từ đòi hỏi tân ngữ theo sau nó phải là một Verb - ing
admit
appreciate
avoid
can't help
consider
delay
deny
enjoy
finish

mind
miss
postpone
practice
quit
recall
repeat
resent
resist
resume
risk
suggest
Ex: John admitted stealing the jewels.
Lu ý rằng trong bảng này có mẫu động từ can't help doing/ but do sth: không thể đừng đợc phải làm gì
Ex: With such good oranges, we can't help buying (but buy) two kilos at a time.
Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định cho các động từ trên đây dùng làm tân ngữ phải đặt not trớc nguyên thể hoặc V - ing.
Bảng dới đây là những động từ mà tân ngữ sau nó có thể là một động từ nguyên thể hoặc
một V- ing mà ngữ nghĩa không thay đổi.
begin
can't stand
continue
dread
hate
like
love
prefer
start
try
Lu ý rằng trong bảng này có một động từ can't stand to do/doing sth: không thể chịu
đựng đợc khi phải làm gì.

Ex: He can't stand to wait/ waiting such a long time.


3. Một số động từ đặc biệt
Đó là những động từ mà ngữ nghĩa của chúng sẽ đổi khác hoàn toàn khi tân ngữ sau nó là
một động từ nguyên thể hoặc V - ing : try, stop, remember, forget, regret, allow, go on.
1) TRY ( thử, cố gắng )
1.1 . TRY + GERUND ( try doing sth) : thử làm điều gì ( có tính chất thử nghiệm )
Eg: She tries making a cake. ( Cô ấy thử làm một cái bánh )
1.2. TRY + INFINITIVE ( try to do sth ) : Cố gắng làm điều gì ( để đạt kết quả )
Eg: He tries to speak English.
You should try to work hard.
2) STOP ( Ngừng )
2.1. Stop to do sth: Ngng, dừng làm một việc gì để làm một việc khác
The worker stops to smoke a cigarrete.
2.2. Stop doing sth: dừng việc gì đang làm
His brother stopped smoking. ( Anh của anh ấy đã bỏ thuốc )
They stopped playing football when it rained.( Họ ngừng chơi bóng khi trời ma)
3) REMEMBER ( Nhớ )
3.1. Remember to do sth: Nhớ sẽ/ phải làm gì ( Nh một bổn phận hay nhiệm vụ )
Eg:: I remember to send a letter at the post office tomorow morning.
I didn't to lock the door. ( Tôi không nhớ là phải khoá cửa )
3.2. Remember doing sth: Nhớ là đã làm gì/ Nhớ điều gì đã làm ( Bây giờ nhớ lại )
Eg:: I remember locking the door before leaving, but now I can't find the key.
I remember his telling me about it. ( Tôi nhớ là hắn đã kể cho tôi về chuyện đó )
Đặc biệt nó thờng đợc dùng với mẫu câu: S + still remember + V-ing : Vẫn còn nhớ là
đã...
Ex: I still remember buying the first motorbike
4) FORGET ( Quên )
4.1 Forget to do sth: quên làm điều gì

Eg: I forgot to pick up my child after school
She forgot to write to me ( Cô ta quên viết th cho tôi = Cô ta cha viết )
= She didn't remember to write to me.
He forgot to do his homework ( Nó quên không làm bài tập = Nó cha làm )
4.2. Forget doing sth: Quên (rằng) đã làm việc gì rồi )
He forgets sending me a gift. ( Anh ấy quên đã gửi cho tôi món quà = Anh ấy đã gửi nhng
quên việc ấy )
Đặc biệt nó thờng đợc dùng với mẫu câu S + will never forget + V-ing: sẽ không bao giờ
quên đợc là đã ...
Eg: She will never forget meeting the Queen.( Cô ấy sẽ không bao giờ quên chuyện đã gặp Nữ
hoàng )
5) REGRET ( Hối tiếc )
5.1. Regret to do sth: Lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm gì (Đợc dùng để thông báo tin xấu/ nói với ai
điều không may)
Eg: I regret to tell/ inform/ you that ........
say
that.........


We regret to inform the passengers that the flight for Washington DC was canceled because of
the bad weather.
We regret to inform you that your application isn't suitable.
we can't accept your proposal. ( đề nghị )
5.2. Regret doing sth/ Not doing sth: Hối tiếc ( vì đã ) làm/ Không làm điều gì )
Eg: He regrets leaving school early. It's a big mistake.
I regret not following my father's advice.
She regretted not working hard before. ( Cô ấy thấy tiếc là trớc đây không học hành chăm
chỉ).
6) ALLOW ( Cho phép )
6.1.Allow sb to do sth: ( Cho phép ai làm gì )

They allow their children to watch TVin the evening.
6.2. Allow doing sth: Cho phép làm gì.
They don't allow smoking here. ( Họ không cho phép hút thuốc ở đây)
7) GO ON ( Tiếp tục )
7.1.Go on to do sth:
After his course, he goes on to work in a bank.( Sau khóa học, anh ấy làm việc ở một
ngân hàng )
7.2.Go on doing sth: Tiếp tục làm điều gì
The workers go on working despite the bad weather.
1. Các giới từ đứng sau động từ
Tất cả các giới từ đứng sau động từ đều phải ở dạng V-ing
Một số các động từ thờng đi kèm với giới từ to. Không đợc nhầm lẫn giới từ này với to của
động từ nguyên thể.
Verb + prepositions + V-ing
approve of
be better of
count on
depend on
give up
insist on
keep on
put off
rely on
succeed in
think about
think of
worry about
object to
look forward to
confess to

Eg: Fred confessed to stealing the jewels
Adjective + prepositions + V-ing
accustomed to
afraid of
capable of
intent on
interested in
successful in
Eg: Mitch is afraid of getting married now.

fond of
tired of

Noun + prepositions + V-ing
choice of
excuse for
intention of
possibility of
reason for
Eg: There is no reason for leaving this early.

method for
(method of)

Không phải bất cứ tính từ nào cũng đều đòi hỏi sau nó là một giới từ + V-ing. Những tính từ
ở bảng sau lại đòi hỏi sau nó là một động từ nguyên thể.


anxious
boring

dangerous
eager
easy
good
pleased
prepared
ready
usual
common
difficult
Eg: It is dangerous to drive in this weather.

hard
strange
able

able/ unable to do sth = capable/ incapable of doing sth.
5.Các đại từ đứng trớc động từ nguyên thể hoặc V-ing dùng làm tân ngữ.
Đứng trớc một động từ nguyên thể làm tân ngữ thì dạng của đại từ và danh từ sẽ là tân ngữ.
allow
ask
beg
convince
expect
instruct
invite
order
permit
persuade
prepare

promise
remind
urge
want
S + V + complement form (pronoun/ noun) + [to + verb]

Eg: Joe asked Mary to call him when she woke up.
Eg: We ordered him to appear in court.
Tuy nhiên đứng trớc một V- ing làm tân ngữ thì dạng của đại từ và danh từ sẽ là sở hữu.
Subject + verb + possessive form (pronoun/ noun) + verb-ing

Eg: We understand your not being able to stay longer.
Eg: We object to their calling at this hour
''Wish ''clause
Để diễn tả những ớc muốn, những điều không có thật hoặc rất khó thực hiện ta có thể dùng
động từ '' WISH'' , '' IF ONLY '' or '' WOULD RATHER'' + CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề )
1/ WISH + ( that ) CLAUSE
a/ (Ước muốn trái với thực tế ở tơng lai ) S + WISH + ( THAT ) + WOULD + V ( bare inf )
I wish I would go to the moon tomorrow.
My mother wishes she would visit London some day.
b/ ( Ước muốn trái với thực tế ở hiện tại ) S + WISH + ( THAT ) + V ( past simple )
( be = were )
I wish I were at the seaside now.
He wishes he could speak English fluently.
c/ ( Ước muốn trái với thực tế ở quá khứ ) S + WISH + ( THAT ) + V ( past perfect )
I wish I had gone to the movies last night.
Tom wishes he had followed the doctor's advice when he was in hospital.
He didn't learn hard at school.He regrets now.
= (He wishes he had learned hard = He regrets not having learned/ learning hard)
* Notes : WISH có thể đợc dùng nh động từ WANT

WISH + to V ( I wish to be a teacher )=I want to be a teacer.
I wis to visit my uncle = I want to visit my uncle.


2/'' IF ONLY'' + CLAUSE
- Mệnh đề theo sau '' IF ONLY '' có cấu trúc giống nh '' WISH ''
Eg: If only he were at our meeting now
3/ '' WOULD / ' D RATHER '' + ( THAT ) CLAUSE
- Đợc dùng để diễn tả điều gì a thích hơn. Mệnh đề theo sau '' WOULD RATHER'' có cấu trúc
giống nh mệnh đề theo sau '' WISH ''
I'd rather ( that ) you took the course in English.( Tôi thích bạn tôi theo học khoá học
Tiếng Anh hơn.)
II/ EXERCISES
1/ Ex1/ Make sentences with '' I wish ......'' in the following situations.
1.I don't have time to study I wish ................
2. I can't answer the question. I wish ................
3. They will leave for France next week. I wish ................
4. We are not leaving in England. I wish ................
5. She won't visit me again. I wish ................
6. He is so stupid. I wish ................
7. My younger brothers play in the street all day. I wish ................
8. I didn't see the TV program last night. I wish ................
9. My friend, John lost his pen. I wish ................
10. Mary was absent from class yesterday. I wish ................
2/ Ex2 : Multiple choice
1. She often goes to the ................to pray because her religion is Islam.
A. church
B.pagoda
C.temple
D.mosque

2. Mary was really .................. by the beauty of Hanoi.
A.impress
B.impression
C.impressive
D.impressed
3. The United States has a .................. of around 250 million.
A.population
B.separation
C.addition
D.introduction
4. Mathematics and Literature are ..................... subjects in high schools.
A.adding
B.compulsory
C.optional
D.religious
5. They were welcomed by friendly ...................... in Viet Nam.
A.air
B.matter
C.impression
D.atmosphere
6. It seems difficult for us ...................abroad at the moment.
A.go
B.to go
C.went
D.gone
7. I come from Viet Nam so I am not used to ................ on the left.
A.drive
B.drove
C.driven
D.driving

8. Although we are away from each other, we still.........................
A.keep in touch B.say hello
C.keep together D.keep on
9. Music and painting are ...................subjects.
A.option
B.optional
C.optionally
D.optioning
10. ..................clothes do you prefer, T.shirt or pullover?
A.What
B.How
C.Which
D.Where
11. My uncle was a .................... He had a large collection of musical instruments.
A.music
B.musical
C.musiclally
D.musician
12. Peter got .................... quickly and went to school.
A.dress
B.dressed
C.dressing
D.dresses


13. The Aodai is the .................... dress of Vietnamese women.
A.beautiful
B.traditional
C.casual
D.baggy

14.She describes herself .................. a fastion designer.
A.by
B.as
C.in
D.from
15. I ..................... English here since I graduated from university.
A.teach
B.taught
C.have taught
D.am teaching
16. Marie Curie ......................... the Nobel Prize for Physics in1903.
A.award
B.awarded
C.was awarded
D.has awarded
17. We have some ....................... students for the program.
A.exchange
B.exchanged
C.to exchange
D.exchanging
18. The weather is nice. Shall we ...................... mountains this morning?
A.go
B.travel
C.come
D.climb
19. My village is near the ..................of the mountain and by the river.
A.foot
B.leg
C.feet
D.legs

20. He is considered one of the greatest ......................of the country.
A.heroes
B.heroin
C.heroines
D.heroic
4 Ex4 / Supply the correct form of the verbs in the passage.
Dear Mom and Dad,
How are you? I (1-miss) you a lot. I (2-be) away from home for a week.
I (3-arrive) Heathrow Airport at 9 a.m this morning. I (4-leave) Paris for London after a week
visiting my friend and Auntie Lan. I (5-stay) with Nathalie for two days. I (6-visit) Eiffel
Tower. It (7-be) the most beautiful tower I (8-ever see) before. It (9-take) us nearly two hours to
get in and go up to the top of the tower. From high above we (10-see) a vast paranoma of Paris.
The French, especially the Parisians(11-be) very proud of this tower.Then we (12-go) Lyon to
visit Auntie Lan. We (13-be taken) to the “Old City of Lyon”. It (14-be located) on a hill.We
(15-enjoy) the beautiful sight of the modern city from the top hill. We also (16-pay) some visits
to the old castles which (17-be built) some centuries ago. We (18-have) a chance to eat the
French special food. What we (19-like) the best was traveling by the TVG from Paris to Lyon
and back. We (20- watch) the beautiful countryside. The farms (21-be) bigger and more fertile
than ours. I also (22-do) some shopping. The souvenirs (23-be) so nice. We (24-stay) with Mr
and Mrs. Brown at the moment. We (25-visit) the Lake District tomorrow. They (26-take) me
there by car. The days after we (27-go) to see some interesting places in London such as the
Trafalgar Square, the Buckingham Palace, London bridge and travel along the Thames by boat
I(28-buy) some souvenirs from london, too.
I (29-be) back home by the end of the next week. I (30-look) forward to receiving news from
home.
With much love,
Tam.
* ANSWERS:
1/ Ex1/ 1. I wish I had time to study.
2. I wish I could answer the question.

3. I wish They would leave for France next week.
4. I wish We wouldn't leave in England.
5. I wiah She would visit me again.
6. I wish he were intelligent.
7. I wish My younger brothers didn't play in the street all day.


8. I wish I had seen the TV program last night.
9. I wish My friend, John hadn't lost his pen.
10. I wish Mary hadn't been absent from class yesterday.
2/ EX2:
1.D
6.B
11.D
16. C
2.D
7. D
12.B
17. A
3. A
8.A
13. B
18. D
4. B
9.B
14.B
19. A
5. D
10. C
15. C

20. A
3/ Ex 3:
1. had
6.much/ lots
11.form/ be
16. by
2. whether
7. responsibility
12. sense/ feeling
17. power
3. disapeared/ ended 8. in
13. concentrate/focus 18. so
4. taken
9. them
14.as
19. make
5. however
10. time
15. not
20. very
4/ Ex4:
1. miss
7.is
13.had been taken
19.liked
25.will visit
2. have been 8. have ever seen 14.is located
20. watched
26. will take
3. arrived

9. took
15. enjoyed
21. are
27. will go
4. left
10. saw
16. paid
22. did
28. will buy
5. stayed
11.are
17 was built.
23. were
29. will be back
6. visited
12. went
18. had
24. are staying 30.look
Passive VOICE
A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about passive and do exercises.
B/ Procedures :
I / GRAMMAR
A/ The passive voice.
Active :
Hemingway
wrote
“The old man and the sea “
Passive:

“ The old man and the sea” was written

S
+ be + PII

Tense
1. Simple Present
2. Simple Past
3. Simple Future
4. Present Perfect
5. Past Perfect
6. Present Continuous
7. Past Continuous
8. Modals
Notes:

Active voice
eat, eats
ate
will, shall eat
has, have eaten
had eaten
am, is, are eating
was, were eating
can eat

+

by Hemingway.
by + O

Passive voice

am, is, are eaten
was, were eaten
will, shall be eaten
has,have been eaten
had been eaten
am, is, are being eaten
was, were being eaten
can be eaten


- Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau by
Ex : She does the housework every morning.
The housework is done by her every morning
-Trạng từ thể cách đứng giữa to be và PII
E x : She cooked the meals carefully.
The meals were carefully cooked by her.
-Trạng t nơi chốn đứng trớc by.
Ex : She will put the flower vase in the living room.
The flower vase will be put in the living room by her.
-Đối với chủ ngữ là : nobody, nothing, no one có thể áp dụng 2 cách chuyển.
Ex : Nobody saw him last night.
He was not seen last night.
He was seen by nobody last night.
-Các chủ ngữ mơ hồ : somebody, something, people, they, someone, khi chuyển sang câu bị
động có thể lợc bỏ by + O
Ex : Somebody has stolen my purse.
My purse has been stolen.
- Động từ nêu lên ý kiến : say, think, believe, report, know..có thể đổi theo 2 cách:
Ex : People said that he had gone abroad.
It was said that he has gone abroad.

He was said to have gone abroard.
Các nội động từ (Động từ không yêu cầu 1 tân ngữ nào) không đợc dùng ở bị động.
Ex: My leg hurts.
Đặc biệt khi chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm chính của hành động cũng không đợc chuyển thành
câu bị động.
Ex: The America takes charge: Nớc Mỹ nhận lãnh trách nhiệm
Nếu là ngời hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng by nhng nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra
hành động thì dùng with.
Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter.
Trong một số trờng hợp to be/to get + P2 hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2
nghĩa:
Chỉ trạng thái mà chủ ngữ đang ở trong đó
Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone.
Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday.
Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy
Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly.
Ex: Could I give you a hand with these tires.
No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts.
Mọi sự biến đổi về thời và thể đều nhằm vào động từ to be, còn phân từ 2 giữ nguyên.
to be made of: Đợc làm bằng (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật)
Ex: This table is made of wood


to be made from: Đợc làm ra từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi hoàn toàn về
trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật)
Ex: Paper is made from wood
to be made out of: Đợc làm bằng (đề cập đến quá trình làm ra vật)
Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk
to be made with: Đợc làm với (đề cập đến chỉ một trong số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật)
Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices.

B/ The present perfect tense
1/ Form
(+) S + have/has + PII
(-) S + have/has + not + PII
(?) Have/Has + S + PII ?
2/ The uses.
a) Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không nêu rõ thời gian.
Ex : I have read the introduction but I dont understand them.
She has painted her room.
b) Một hành động mới xảy ra gần đây mà kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại.
Ex : Tom has had a bad car accident.
c) Một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ nhng còn tiếp diễn đến hiện tại (thờng dùng với since và
for).
-Since: thời điểm
-For: thời lợng
Ex : We have lived in this house since 1972.
They have stayed in that hotel for two weeks.
d) Một hành động xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian cha chấm dứt ( thờng dùng với today, this
morning, this month, all night, all week.)
Ex : He has played video games all night.
I have got many bad marks this semester.
e) Đợc dùng với các cấu trúc :
* This/That/ It is the first/second/thirdtime..
* This/That/ It is the only..
* This/That/It is + superlative.
Ex : This is the first time I have been to London.
This is the only party Ive ever enjoyed in my life.
That is the most exciting novel Ive ever read.
f) Thờng dùng với các thành ngữ : already, notyet, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently,
lately..

Ex : Have you seen Ann lately ?
My parents have just bought a new house.
II-Exercises
Ex 1/ Supply the corect form of the verbs in brackets.
1. She ( leave )..school last year. Since then she (work).as a
waitress at a local pub.


2.
3.
4.
5.

I’m sorry. I ( not finish)……………..this homework yet.
You (see)………………any good films recently?
How many cups of coffee (drink)……………….today ?
Our team (be)…………………..rubbish. They (just lose)………………eight games
one after the other.
6. Poems as well as plays ( write)…………….by William Shakespeare.
7. I’m not cooking today. I (cook)………………. all the meals yesterday. In fact, I (cook)
……………………most of the meals this week.
8. This is the second times I ( come back)……………….to Ho Chi Minh city.
9. The dancers ( perform)………………….very well when we came in.
10.They ( have )……………………a party at their friend’s house tonight.
EX 4/ Change the following sentences from the active into the passive.
1.My sister gave me a new pair of Jeans on my fifteen birthday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The worker are building a supermarket on our street.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day.

…………………………………………………………………………………
4. They have sold their car to pay their dept.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. We are going to grow flowers in the front garden.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. You musn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Did people make jeans two hundred years ago ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. We don’t use this kind of cloth to make shirts
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and fashtionable ao dai
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
* ANSWERS:
EX1:
1. left/ has worked
6. were written
2. haven't finished
7. cooked / have cooked
3. have you seen
8. have come back
4. have drunk
9. were performing
5. is/ have just lost
10. are going to have
EX2:
1/ So when did you get / return/ come back home ?
2/ How long did you stay there ?

3/ What was the weather like ( there ) ?
4/ What/ Where did you visit ?
5/ Did you speak English all the time ?


EX4:
1. I was given a new pair of jeans on my fifteen birthday by my sister.
or A new pair of jeans was given to me on my fifteen birthday by my sister.
2. A supermarket is being built on our street ( by the workers ).
3. The animals are fed twice a day ( by the zoo keepers )
4. Their car has been sold to pay their debt ( by them )
5. Flowers are going to be grown in the front garden ( by us ).
6. This machine mustn't be used after 5.30 pm ( by you ).
7.A new sweater is being knitted for me by my grandmother.
8. Were jeans made two hundred years ago.
9. This kind of cloth isn't used to make shirts ( by us ).
10. The unique and fashionable ao dai continues to be worn by Vietnamese women.
REVISION
A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to consolidate the knowledge that they've learnt by doing exercises.
B/ Procedures :
V/ Rewrite the following sentences.
1. Mary always went swimming after school last year.
Mary used…………………………………………………………………
2. Maryam was impressed by Hanoi people.
Hanoi people made………………………………………………………
3. Bahasa Malaysia is widely spoken in Malaysia.
Malaysian people…………………………………………………………
4. Her wish is buying that villa but it’s too far expensive for her.
She wishes…………………………………………………………………
5. My daughter has studied English for two years

My daughter started………………………………………………………
6. She last wrote that dress at her sister’s wedding.
She hasn’t…………………………………………………………………………………
7. Jack London didn’t write the novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
The novel…………………………………………………………………………………
8. Computers are used to design new models.
People……………………………………………………………………………………
9. When did you start working in that factory?
How long……………………………………………………………………………….?
10 . It isn’t necessary for students to wear uniforms today.
Students……………………………………………………………………………………
11.Lan’s brother gave her a story for her birthday.
Lan ..................................................................................................................
12- It was such a bad news that Mai burst into tears.
The news .........................................................................................................
13- If Hong doesn’t study harder, she’ll fail the exam.
Unless .............................................................................................................
14- I’d like to visit England more than any other country in the world.
England is ..............................................................................................................


15- The flight to Ho Chi Minh city lasted one hour and a half.
It took ................................................................................................................\
VI- Make a cross on the correct answer A, B, C or D in the following sentences :
1- The Sword Lake is set in beautiful _________________
A. situation
B. views
C. surroundings
D. environment
2- They haven’t seen each other, but they write to each other frequently. They are ______

A. pen pals
B. writers
C. co-writer
D. paper pals
3- Churches, temples and pagodas are places of ____________________________
A. gossip
B. warship
C. worship
D. friendship
4- Their friendliness makes a deep _____________________________ on tourists.
A. correspondences B. beauty
C. recreation
D. impression
5- The Singaporean _____________________ is Singapore dollars.
A. currency
B. capital
C. language
D. climate
6- Children in this poor village are allowed to go to school without
________________________
A. education
B. instruction
C. tuition fee
D. impression
7- Maryam is the one on the corner. She ____________________ jeans.
A. is wearing
B. wears
C. has worn
D. was wearing
8- Lan _______________ the peaceful atmosphere while Maryam _________________ in

the pagoda.
A. enjoyed / prayed
B. was enjoying /prayed C. enjoyed /was praying D. enjoys / was
spraying
9- English ______________ widely ____________________ in this country nowadays.
A. is / speaking
B. is / spoken
C. was / spoken
D. is / spoke
10-In Singapore education is free and compulsory ___________________ children from 6 to
16.
A. to
B. at
C. between
D. for
11-_________________ English is their official language, most of them can speak Chinese.
A. Although
B. So
C. Despite
D. If
12-They cannot decide ____________________ place to visit first.
A. how
B. where
C. which
D. what
13-My grandmother _________________________ the most beautiful girl in the village.
A. did use to being B. use to be
C. used to being
D. used to be
14-We are having a good time together, I wish you ___________________ here with us

now.
A. are
B. will be
C. were
D. would be
15-S1 : Hello. You must be Maryam.
S2 : ________________________
A. I must be B. I may be C. That’s right., I am
D. You are not Maryam
VIII/ - Use these jumbled sets of suggested words to write a letter :


Dear Kien,
1- Thank you / much / invitation / spend / this weekend / you / family / country house.
.........................................................................................................................................
2- I love / come / unfortunately / I / be unable / accept.
.........................................................................................................................................
3- My pen pal / live / Singapore / going / stay us / September 25th / this Sunday.
.........................................................................................................................................
4- As it be / first visit / our country / I plan / show him round.
.........................................................................................................................................
5- I like / take him / visit / Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum / Van Mieu.
.........................................................................................................................................
6- We also / go / Hoan Kiem Lake / History Museum / if / have time.
.........................................................................................................................................
7- It be possible / visit you / following weekend ?
.........................................................................................................................................
8- I / be / you / few days / after / pen pal / go back / Singapore.
.........................................................................................................................................
9- Please tell / following weekend / be convenient.

.........................................................................................................................................
10-I look forward / see you / all again.
.........................................................................................................................................
Love,
Dang Trung
IX/ Write a paragraph of about 80-100 words with the following topic sentence.
Vietnamese women should wear the Ao dai at work.
Firstly,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
II/ ANSWERS
V/
1. Mary used to go swimming after school last year.
2. Ha Noi People made an impression on Maryam.
3. Malaysian people speak Bahasa Malaysia widely.
4. She wishes she could buy that expensive villa.
5. My daughter started to learn English 2 years ago.
learning
6. She hasn't worn that dress since her sister's wedding.
7. The novel '' The Adventures of Tom Sawyer '' wasn't written by Jack London.
8. People use computers to design new models.
9. How long have you worked in that factory ?
been working in...


or How long is it since you started working in that factory ?
10.Students needn't wear uniforms today./Ss don't have/ need to wear uniforms today.
11.Lan was given a story for her birthday by Lan's brother.
12.The news was so bad that Mai burst into tears.

13.Unless Hong study harder, she'll fail the exam.
14.England is the country which I'd like to visit the most.
15.It took the flight one hour and a half to HCM City.
VI/
1.B
4. D
7. A
10. C
13. D
2.A
5. A
8. C
11. A
14. C
3.C
6.C
9.B
12. B
15. C
VIII/
1. Thank you very much for your/ the invitation to spend this week with you and your family in
your country house.
2. I would love to come but unfortunately I am unable to accept ( it ).
3.My penpal, who lives/ is living in Singapore, is going to stay with us from September 25th to
this Sunday.
4. As it is his first visit to our country, I plan/ am planing to show him round.
5.I would like to take him to visit Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum and Van Mieu.
6. We can/ will also go to Hoan Kiem Lake and the History Museum if we have time.
7. Is it possible to visit you the following weekend ?
8. I can be with you for a few days after my penpal go / has gone back to Singapore.

9. Please tell me if / whether the following weekend is convenient ( for you ).
10. I look/ am looking forward to seeing you again.
IX/
The sample paragraph
Vietnamese women should wear the ao dai at work. Firstly, the ao dai encourages
Vietnamese women to feel proud of the traditions and customs of the country. Secondly, the ao
dai make them more beautiful and charming. We know that the beauty of Vietnamese women in
the ao dai has been mentioned a lot in poems, stories and songs for centuries. Thirdly, wearing
the ao dai is very practical. When they go to work, they don't think of what to wear everyday. In
conclusion, when going to work, Vietnamese women should wear ao dai.
CONJUNTIONS
A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to revise the conjuntions and do exercises.
B/ Procedures:
I/ GRAMMAR:
1. Because, Because of
Đằng sau Because phải dùng 1 câu hoàn chỉnh nhng đằng sau Because of phải dùng 1 ngữ danh
từ.
Because/ As / Since + Clause ( Bởi vì )
Eg: Because/ As / Since she was tired she went to bed early= She went to bed early for she was
tired.
Notes: Because of + V-ing
Eg: We had to stay at home because it was raining.


= Because of the rain , we had to stay at home.
Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early
Because of = on account of = due to
Nhng nên dùng due to sau động từ to be cho chuẩn.
Eg: The accident was due to the heavy rain.
Dùng as a result of để nhấn mạnh hậu quả của hành động hoặc sự vật, sự việc.

Eg: He was blinded as a result of a terrible accident.
2. Từ nối chỉ mục đích và kết quả
1/ so that + clause (sao cho, để ....).
Eg: He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.
I speak slowly so that they can understand.
Phải phân biệt so that trong cấu trúc này với so that mang nghĩa do đó (therefore). Cách
phân biệt duy nhất là động từ đằng sau so that mang nghĩa do đó diễn biến bình thờng so với
thời của động từ ở mệnh đề đằng trớc.
Eg: We heard nothing from him so that ( = therefore) we wondered if he moved away.
*2/ In order to / So as to + V... ( Để....)
* In order / So as to do sth ( Để làm gì )
Eg: I wrote a letter to my mother so as to/ in order to inform her of my new job.
* In order not / So as not to do sth ( Để k làm gì )
I walked in quietly in ordrer / so as not to wake up the children up.
* In order for sb to do sth ( Để cho ai làm gì )
Eg: I speak slowly in order for them to understand
3. Từ nối chỉ nguyên nhân và kết quả.
Trong loại từ nối này ngời ta dùng cấu trúc so/such .... that = (quá, đến nỗi mà )và chia làm
nhiều loại sử dụng.
Dùng với tính từ và phó từ : Cấu trúc là so + adj/ adv + that + clause.
Eg: Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
Eg: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home all day.
* So + much/ little + N
+ that + clause
many/ few + Ns
Eg: I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Eg: He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.
Dùng với tính từ + danh từ số ít: such a ... that. Có thể dùng so theo cấu trúc : so + adj + a
+ noun ... that. (ít phổ biến hơn)
Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.

Ex: It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
Dùng với tính từ + danh từ số nhiều/không đếm đợc: such ... that. Tuyệt đối không đợc dùng
so.
Ex: They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
Ex: This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Notes:


so + adj/ adv + that + clause = such + ( a / an ) + adj + N + that + clause.
Eg: Nam is so kind that everybody likes him.
= Nam is such a kind person/ man that everybody likes him.
It was such cold weather that we could not go out.
= The weather was so bad that we could not go out.
4. Một số các từ nối mang tính điều kiện khác.
1/ Even if + negative verb: cho dù.
Eg: You must go tomorrow even if you aren't ready.
2/ Whether or not + positive verb: dù có hay không.
Eg: You must go tomorrow whether or not you are ready.
Các đại từ nghi vấn đứng đầu câu cũng dùng làm từ nối và động từ theo sau chúng phải chia
ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít.
Eg: Whether he goes out tonight depends on his girldfriend.
Why these pupils can not solve this problems makes the teachers confused.
Một số các từ nối có quy luật riêng của chúng nếu kết hợp với nhau
And moreover
And in addtion And thus or otherwise
And furthermore
And therefore
But nevertheless But ... anyway
Nếu nối giữa hai mệnh đề, đằng trớc chúng phải có dấu phẩy
Eg: He was exhausted, and therefore his judgement was not very good.

Nhng nếu nối giữa hai từ đơn thì không
Eg: The missing piece is small but significant.
*3/ furthermore, besides, morever, what's more ( Ngoài ra )
Eg: The coat is soft. Furthermore,
it is warm ( Cái áo khoác thì mềm.Ngoài ra nó còn
Besides,
ấm )
Morever,
What's more,
4/ But ( nhng ) , however, nevertheless( tuy nhiên )
Eg:- He is rich but mean ( Anh ta giàu có nhng keo kiệt )
- He is from Brazil but he can't play football.
- They hadn't trained hard; But, however, nevertheless they won.
- He had no qualification, but he got the job.
5/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngợc lại )
Eg:Mr Pike is very generous while/ whereas his wife is very mean.
6/ So, therefore, consequently ( Do đó, cho nên, vì thế )
Eg: - It started to rain, so we went home.
- He came back late, therefore his father got angry.
7/ And ( và )
Eg: - I play football and tennis.
- I want you to buy that house and move there.
8/ Unless + positive = if ... not: Trừ phi, nếu không.( thờng dùng trong câu đk loại I )
Eg: You will be late unless you start at once.= If you don't start at once, you'll be late
Cậu sẽ bị muộn trừ khi cậu bắt đầu ngay =(Nếu cậu không bắt đầu ngay, cậu sẽ bị muộn
9/
But for = If it weren't
+ for sth/ sb: Nếu không vì (điều gì ) thờng
If it hadn't been
dùng với câu đk loại 2,3

Hiện tại


Eg: My father pays my fee, but for that I couldn't be here (But he is here learning)
*1.It is very cold. But for the weather, we would go on holiday.
= If it wasn't for the cold weather, we would.... ( Trời rất lạnh, nếu k vì thời tiết, chúng tôi
sẽ đi nghỉ.)
Quá khứ
Eg: My car broken down, but for that we would have been here in time (But they were late)
*2/ It was very cold yesterday. But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher.= If
hadn't been for the cold weather, we would have visited our teacher.
10/ Bỏ If
* Trong câu đk loại 3
- If I had known he was ill, I' d have visited him.= Had I known he was.............
- If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn' have got a bad cold.
= Had he not gone to.............
* Trong câu đk loại 2 với were
- If she was younger.........= Were she younger........
11/ Otherwise: Kẻo, nếu không thì. ( Có thể dùng với câu đk loại 1,2,3)
Eg: We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out.
Otherwise + unreal condition: Kẻo, nếu không thì nhng sau nó phải là điều kiện không thể
thực hiện đợc
Hiện tại
Eg: Her father supports her finance otherwise she couldn't conduct these experiments (But she
can with her father's).
It is raining now, otherwise would go out
Quá khứ:
Eg: I used a computer, otherwise I would have taken longer with these calculations (But he
didn't take any longer).
Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da Lat (Hôm qua tôi ốm , nếu k thì tôi

đã đi Đà Lạt rồi)
*Lu ý: Trong tiếng Anh thông tục (colloquial English) ngời ta dùng Or (else )- (Nếu không) để
thay thế cho otherwise.
Eg: Put the jacket on or ( else ) / otherwise you'll catch a cold.( Mặc áo vào nếu không con sẽ bị
lạnh đấy )
= If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold.
12/ Provided/Providing ( that):
As / so long as
On condition that

= If : Với điều kiện là, miễn là , nếu......

Eg: You can camp here providing that you leave no mess.
If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.( Nếu bạn hứa trả sớm, tớ sẽ cho
bạn mợn xe.)
Provided/Providing ( that): you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it
As long as


On condition that
( Miễn là bạn hứa........... tớ sẽ.....................)
13/ In case
a. In case of sth = If there is sth : Nếu có cái gì
Eg: In case of fire, ring this number= If there is a fire, ring this number.
( Trong trờng hợp có cháy, hãy gọi số này)
b. In case : Phòng khi ( Động từ sau in case dùng thì hiện tại đơn )
Eg: I'll buy some more cakes in case there are lots of guests.
14/ Suppose/Supposing = What ... if : Giả sử .... thì sau, Nếu ..... thì sao.
Eg: Suppose the plane is late = What (will happen) if the plane is late.
Lu ý:

* Suppose còn có thể đợc dùng để đa ra lời gợi ý.
Eg: Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him.
* Lu ý thành ngữ: What if I am: Tao thế thì đã sao nào (mang tính thách thức)
15/ IF ONLY = WISH (Thờng dùng với câu đk loại 2,3) ( Giá mà )
If only + S + simple present/will + verb = hope that: hi vọng rằng
Eg : If only he comes in time
Eg : If only he will learn harder for the test next month.
We don't have a map.If only we had one (Chúng tôi k có bản đồ.Giá mà chúng tôi có 1 cái
)
If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that(Câu đ/k không thực hiện đợc)
Eg: If only he came in time now.
Eg: If only she had studied harder for that test
I didn't know Lan was here yesterday. If only I had known that
If only + S + would + V
Diễn đạt một hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại ( đợc dùng nh 1 vế của câu đk )
Eg: If only I were a bit younger, I would apply for that job.
: If only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drived more slowly.
Diễn đạt một ớc muốn vô vọng về tơng lai:
Ex: If only it would stop raining
Immediately = as soon as = the moment (that) = the instant that = directly: ngay lập tức
Tell me immediatly (=as soon as ) you have any news.
Phone me the moment that you get the results.
I love you the instant (that) I saw you.
Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke.
II/ EXERCISES
1/ Rewrite the following sentences.
1. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. Unless.........
2. If you don't take care of those shoes, They won't last for long. Unless.........
3.She can't go camping because of her age. Were she .........
4. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather. Had it.........

5. If there 's an emergency, ring this number. → In case .........
6. He spend too much money on his clothes. → If I ...........
7. You should take a map with you because you might get lost in the mountains.
→ In case...................
8. We won't go on holiday unless we have enough money. → If we.................
9. You shouldn't eat too much meat ! → If I...............................
10. It's such a pity your sister can't come as well. → If only.......................
11. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. → As long as...............
12. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather
→ But for.........................
13. What a shame you didn't tell me earlier. → If only........................
14. What would you do if there was an earthquake. → Supposing...........................
15. Pay me back the money, or else I'll tell your mother. → If.........................
16. We should leave now, otherwise we'll be late for the class. → If we...........
17. He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice. → If he............
18. The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing. → Because of ..............
19. They set off ( khëi hµnh ) early so that they could reach the village before night.
→ They set off................
20. As they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them. → Since..........
21. Because of the rain, we couldn't go out. → Because...............
22. We drove slowly so that he could follow us. → We drove.............
23.She left the party quickly. She didn't want to have to say good bye.
→ She left the party quickly so as..................
24. We left quietly so that we wouldn't disturb the children. → So as...........
25.As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight
→ Fearing...........
* ANSWERS:
1. Unless if you promise to try harder , I won't help you.

2. Unless you take care of those shoes, They won't last for long.
3. Were she younger, she could go camping.
4. Had it not been for the weather ,It would have been a superb weekend.
5. In case of emergency, ring this number.
6. If I were him , I wouldn't spend too much money on his clothes.
7. In case you might get lost in the mountains you should take a map with you.
8. If we don't have enough money, we won't go on holiday.
9. If I were you I wouldn't eat too much meat.
10. If only your sister could come as well.
11. As long as you keep calm, you'll pass your driving test.
12. But for the weather, It would have been a superb weekend.
13. If only hadn't told me earlier.
14. Supposing there was an earthquake.
15. If you don't pay me back money, I'll tell your mother.
16. If we don't leave now, we'll be late or the class.


17. If he had listened to our advice , he wouldn't have done that way.
18. Because the rough sea the ferry couldn't sail.
19. They set off early in order to reach the village before night.
20. Since they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them.
21. Because it was raining, we couldn't go out.
22. We drove slowly in order for him to follow.
23. She left the party quickly so as not want to have to say good bye.
24. So as to disturb the children, we left quietly.
25. Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.