Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của liều lượng kali và lưu huỳnh đến năng suất lạc trên đất cát biển tại xã cát hanh, huyện phù cát, tỉnh bình định

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM HUẾ
Khoa Nông Học

KHÓA LUẬN

TỐT NGHIỆP
TÊN ĐỀ TÀI:
Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của liều lượng kali và lưu huỳnh đến
năng suất lạc trên đất cát biển tại xã Cát Hanh, huyện Phù Cát,
tỉnh Bình Định

Sinh viên thực hiện: Đinh Thị Hiền Mai
Lớp: Khoa học cây trồng 46
Thời gian thực tập: Từ 25/12/2015 đến 15/04/2016
Địa điểm thực tập: Viện KHKT Nông nghiệp Duyên Hải
Nam Trung Bộ
Giáo viên hướng dẫn: TS Nguyễn Quang Cơ
Bộ môn: Rau Hoa quả và Cảnh quan

NĂM 2016
1


Lời Cảm Ơn

Đợc sự phân công của khoa Nông Học Tr ờng
Đại Học Nông Lâm Huế và sự đồng ý của Thầy
giáo hớng dẫn TS. Nguyễn Quang Cơ và cô giáo
PGS. TS Hoàng Thị Thái Hòa tôi đã thực hiện đề
tài Nghiên cứu ảnh hởng của liều lợng kali và lu
huỳnh đến năng suất lạc trên đất cát biển tại xã Cát

Hanh, huyện Phù Cát, tỉnh Bình Định .
Để hoàn thành khóa luận này. Tôi xin chân thành
cảm ơn các thầy cô giáo đã tận tình h ớng dẫn, giảng
dạy trong suốt quá trình học tập, nghiên cứu và rèn
luyện ở trờng Đại Học Nông Lâm Huế.
Xin chân thành cảm ơn sâu sắc đến Thầy giáo h ớng dẫn TS. Nguyễn Quang Cơ đã tận tình, chu đáo
hớng dẫn tôi thực hiện khóa luận này.
Xin chân thành bày tỏ lòng biết ơn tới ban lãnh
đạo Viện Khoa học kỹ thuật Nông nghiệp Duyên
hải Nam Trung Bộ.
Cuối cùng, tôi muốn gửi lời cảm ơn sâu sắc đến
gia đình, bạn bè, những ng ời luôn kịp thời động viên
và giúp đỡ tôi vợt qua những khó khăn trong cuộc
sống.
Sinh viên
Đinh Thị Hiền
2


Mai

3


DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG BIỂU

4


DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH

5


MỤC LỤC

6


DANH MỤC KÝ HIỆU CHỮ VIẾT TẮT

Từ viết tắt

Nghĩa của từ

FAO

Tổ chức lương thực và nông nghiệp liên hợp quốc

N

Đạm

P

Lân

K

Kali

S

Lưu huỳnh

P100

Trọng lượng 100 quả

DTL

Diện tích lá

CSDTL

Chỉ số diện tích lá

NSLT

Năng suất lý thuyêt

NSTT

Năng suất thực thu

BVTV

Bảo vệ thực vật

MỘT SỐ HÌNH ẢNH ĐI THỰC TẬP

7


Hình 1: Đếm nốt sần

Hình 2: Cân nốt sần

Hình 3: Tưới nước cho lạc

8


Hình 4: Kiểm tra lạc để thu hoạch

Hình 5: Sấy khô lạc

Hình 6: Theo dõi thí nghiệm

9


KHỐI LƯỢNG KHÔ VÀ TƯƠI
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 11:23:32

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc
ntc

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 0.9144 A
60 0.8467 B
0 0.7867

C

Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.0116

Critical T Value 2.776

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0323

Error term used: lnl*ntc, 4 DF
All 3 means are significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

0 0.8633 A
30 0.8522 A
45 0.8322 A
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.0145

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0316

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are no significant pairwise differences among the means.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 30 0.9533 A
90 0 0.9167 AB
60 0 0.8800 BC
90 45 0.8733 BC

10

60 30 0.8333

CD

60 45 0.8267

CD

0 45 0.7967

DE

0 0 0.7933

DE

0 30 0.7700

E

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.0251

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0548

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.0236

Critical T Value 2.324

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0548

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 5 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 11:44:56

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

0 0.1956 A
30 0.1911 AB
45 0.1833 B
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 4.757E-03

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0104

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 0 0.2133 A
0 30 0.1933 B
11


60 30 0.1933 B
60 0 0.1900 B
60 45 0.1867 B
90 30 0.1867 B
0 0 0.1833 B
90 45 0.1833 B
0 45 0.1800 B
Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 8.240E-03

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0180

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 8.290E-03

Critical T Value 2.383

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0198

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 11:46:25

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

30 11.900 A
45 11.888 A
0 10.173 B
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.1249

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.2721

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
12


LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 30 13.105 A
90 45 13.059 A
60 45 12.043 B
60 30 11.909 B
90 0 11.380

C

0 30 10.687

D

0 45 10.562

DE

60 0 10.223

E

0 0 8.917

F

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2163

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.4712

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.1995

Critical T Value 2.308

Critical Value for Comparison 0.4605

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 6 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 11:49:33

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

30 2.3224 A
45 2.3173 A
0 2.0960 B
Alpha 0.05
13

Standard Error for Comparison 0.0420


Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.0915

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 45 2.5533 A
90 30 2.5231 A
60 30 2.3131 B
60 45 2.3113 B
90 0 2.3040 B
0 30 2.1309

C

60 0 2.0893

C

0 45 2.0871

C

0 0 1.8947

D

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.0728

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.1585

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.0660

Critical T Value 2.292

Critical Value for Comparison 0.1513

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 4 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

14

2016/05/16, 11:53:07

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

45 31.782 A
30 31.361 A
0 28.221 B
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.4176

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.9100

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 45 33.519 A
90 30 33.167 AB
60 45 31.958 B
60 30 31.841 B

90 0 30.263

C

0 45 29.870

CD

0 30 29.074

CD

60 0 28.418

D

0 0 25.981

E

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.7234

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 1.5761

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF

Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.6525

Critical T Value 2.287
15

Critical Value for Comparison 1.4921


Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 5 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 15:22:37

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

30 7.9950 A
45 7.9621 A
0 7.2428 B
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.1700

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.3704

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 45 8.6240 A
90 30 8.5489 AB
60 30 8.1073 ABC
60 45 7.9438 BCD
90 0 7.7853

CDE

0 30 7.3287

DEF

0 45 7.3184

DEF

60 0 7.1689

EF

0 0 6.7742

F

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2945

Critical T Value 2.179
16

Critical Value for Comparison 0.6416


Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2793

Critical T Value 2.333

Critical Value for Comparison 0.6517

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp

There are 6 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 15:24:39

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

30 10.171 A
45 9.640 B
0 9.069

C

Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2050

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.4468

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
All 3 means are significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 30 11.946 A
60 45 11.405 AB
90 0 10.784 BC

17

60 30 10.081

C

90 45 9.081

D

0 30 8.486

DE

0 45 8.432

DE

60 0 8.405

DE

0 0 8.019

E


Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.3552

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.7738

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.3693

Critical T Value 2.408

Critical Value for Comparison 0.8894

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 5 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
SỐ LƯỢNG NỐT SẦN
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 15:41:44

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

45 3.2444 A
30 3.2222 A
0 3.0000 A
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.1440

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.3138

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are no significant pairwise differences among the means.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

60 45 3.3333 A
90 30 3.3333 A
60 30 3.2667 A

90 45 3.2667 A
90 0 3.2000 A
18


0 45 3.1333 A
0 30 3.0667 A
60 0 3.0000 A
0 0 2.8000 A
Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2494

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.5435

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2629

Critical T Value 2.418

Critical Value for Comparison 0.6357

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are no significant pairwise differences among the means.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 15:43:47

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

30 123.22 A
45 120.98 A
0 102.16 B
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 1.6649

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 3.6276

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 30 134.20 A
90 45 129.87 A
19


60 45 128.40 AB
60 30 128.33 AB
90 0 120.47 B
0 30 107.13

C

0 45 104.67

C

60 0 103.20

C

0 0 82.80

D

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 2.8838

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 6.2832

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 4.5708

Critical T Value 2.618

Critical Value for Comparison 11.966

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 4 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 15:47:58

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

45 204.40 A
30 204.29 A
0 163.47 B
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 4.4538

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 9.7041

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
20


LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 30 230.87 A
90 45 227.73 AB
60 45 216.33 B
60 30 215.73 B
90 0 192.33

C

0 45 169.13

D

0 30 166.27

D

60 0 160.93

D

0 0 137.13

E

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 7.7143

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 16.808

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 6.5194

Critical T Value 2.219

Critical Value for Comparison 14.464

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 5 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 15:49:45

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

45 177.11 A
30 174.22 A
0 147.22 B
Alpha 0.05
21

Standard Error for Comparison 4.7219


Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 10.288

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 45 201.33 A
90 30 197.67 AB
60 45 177.33 BC
60 30 174.00

CD

90 0 172.67

CD

0 45 152.67

DE

0 30 151.00

E

60 0 147.33

E

0 0 121.67

F

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 8.1786

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 17.820

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 8.8140

Critical T Value 2.433

Critical Value for Comparison 21.448

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 6 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
CÁC YẾU TỐ CẤU THÀNH NĂNG SUẤT
Statistix 8.1

22

2016/05/16, 17:21:37

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

45 13.711 A
30 13.667 A
0 12.822 B
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.1488

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.3242

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 45 14.667 A
90 30 14.467 A
60 45 13.900 B
60 30 13.833 B

90 0 13.633 B
0 30 12.700

C

60 0 12.600

C

0 45 12.567

C

0 0 12.233

C

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2577

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.5615

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.2374

Critical T Value 2.307
23

Critical Value for Comparison 0.5478


Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 3 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc
ntc

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 14.256 A
60 13.444 B
0 12.500

C

Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.1100

Critical T Value 2.776

Critical Value for Comparison 0.3054

Error term used: lnl*ntc, 4 DF
All 3 means are significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

2016/05/16, 17:29:10

LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntp
ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

45 11.911 A
30 11.833 A
0 10.678 B
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.3434

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 0.7481

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc*ntp
ntc ntp

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 45 12.500 A
90 30 12.433 AB
60 45 12.267 ABC
24


60 30 12.200 ABC
90 0 11.200 BCD
0 45 10.967

CD

0 30 10.867

CD

60 0 10.700

D

0 0 10.133

D

Comparisons of means for the same level of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.5947

Critical T Value 2.179

Critical Value for Comparison 1.2958

Error term used: lnl*ntc*ntp, 12 DF
Comparisons of means for different levels of ntc
Alpha 0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.5968

Critical T Value 2.381

Critical Value for Comparison 1.4207

Error terms used: lnl*ntc and lnl*ntc*ntp
There are 4 groups (A, B, etc.) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
LSD All-Pairwise Comparisons Test of kq for ntc
ntc

Mean Homogeneous Groups

90 12.044 A
60 11.722 A
0 10.656 B
Alpha

0.05

Standard Error for Comparison 0.3469

Critical T Value 2.776

Critical Value for Comparison 0.9631

Error term used: lnl*ntc, 4 DF
There are 2 groups (A and B) in which the means
are not significantly different from one another.
Statistix 8.1

25

2016/05/16, 17:31:03