Tuyển tập 20 năm đề thi olympic 30 tháng 4 địa lý 11 phần 2

Ca cau gia t r i xuat nhap khau Trung Quoc qua cac nam.
Ban vi:%
Nam

1986

1990

1995

1997

1999

Xuat khau

41,9

53,8

53,0

56,2

54,0

Nhap khau

58,1

46,2

47,0

43,8

46,0

- Ve bieu do mien (cdc bieu do khac khong c6 diem): C6 day du cdc
yeu to.
c. Nhan xet
Qua bang so heu da cho, bang so Heu gid t r i xuat nhap khau Trung
Quoc qua cac nam va bieu do ta thay:
- Tong gia t r i xuat nhap khau cua Trung Quoc deu tang hen tuc qua
cac nam (tang 4,9 Ian).
- Can can xuat nhap khau cua Trung Quoc sau 1990 c6 stf thay ddi:
gia t r i va ccf cau gia t r i xuat khau luon cao hcfn gia t r i nhap khau,
chuCng to Trung Quoc la na6c xuat sieu va gia t r i xuat sieu ngay cang
lorn, (dan chiing)
- Ccf cau gia t r i xuat nhap khau Trung Quoc qua cac nSm tren c6 sii
thay doi theo htfdng tang t i trong gia t r i xuat khau, giam t i trolig gia
tri nhap khau. ( d i n chufng)

DE20
Cau 1:
a, Todn cdu hoa la mgt xu the tat yeu, vi: (1 diim).
Sir khac biet ve dieu kien t i i nhien, kinh te, xa hoi, dan den moi
nifdc CO mot Igfi the so sanh khac nhau.
- Qua t r i n h phat trien kinh te lam xuat hien mot yeu cau 1^ phai
tien hanh chuyen mon hoa va htfp tac hoa Ian nhau giffa cac cong ty
da quoc gia, tren do doi hoi phai mof rong pham v i trao doi quoc te.

- Sir da dang trong nhu cau tieu dung cua m5i quoc gia nen nhu
cau thi/cfng mai ngay cang Idfn.
- N g i y cang c6 nhiJng van de mang tinh toan cau: Moi trUdng, dan
so, khung bo... can hgrp tac de giai quyet.
203


6. Bieu hi^n cua toan cdu

hoa.

- Thifcfng mai the' gidfi phat trien manh.
-

Dau tii Tuidc ngoai tang nhanh.

- T h i trifctog tai chinh quoc te mcf rong.
-

Cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia c6 vai tro ngay cang l&n.

c. Thcd ca thdch thiJCc cua Vi^t Nam khi tham gia vdo
trinh todn cdu
•

qud

hoa.

Thcficcf:

- M d rong quan he vdri nhieu niTdc tren the gi
- MoT rong t h i trir&ng, thu hut nguon von tiT ben ngo^i.
- Tiep nhan khoa hoc cong nghe hien dai, kinh nghiem quan li,
san xuat tien tien.
- Thuc day qua t r i n h chuyen dich ccf cau kinh te.
•

ThachthuTc:

- Thifc te nen kinh te ntfofc ta con lac hau, phat trien cham.
- Trinh do quan li con thap, suf dung nguon von chifa hieu qua.
- Qua t r i n h chuyen giao cong nghe, hcfp tac phat trien ... gay ap liTc
rat \6n den tai nguyen, moi trudng.
- Cac gia t r i truyen thong lau dcfi cua dan toe c6 nguy cor bi x6i mon.
C a u 2: .
a. Dac diem noi bat ve tU nhien - xd hgi cua Tay Nam A : .
- Tuf nhien:
+ V i t r i : Nam d phia Tay Nam Chau A, an
giijTa

ngOr

dtfotog thong thtfcfng

3 chau luc: A, Au va Phi.

+ K h i hau kho nong.
+ Giau tai nguyen khoang san, nhat la dau mo.

-

Xahpi:

+ La ntfi xuat hien nhieu nen vlin minh c6 dai.
+ La cdi noi cua nhieu ton giao Idrn, dac biet la dao Hoi.
+ Co nhieu xung dot keo dai, bat on chinh t r i - xa hoi.

204


b. Vi sao Tay Nam A trd thanh ncti cg,nh tranh anh hiCctng
cua nhieu ciictng quoc.
+ Nam tren nga 3 cua difcrng giao lou quoc te bang diTdng bo va
di/cfng bien t\i A n Do DiTcfng den Bien Do, an nguf kenh dao Xuy-e r a
Dia Trung Hai va Dai Tay DiTcrng cua 3 chau luc A, Au va Phi nen c6
vai tro chien Itfc/c quan trong.
+ Khi hau kho nong, song ngoi i t va hiem niidc, kho khSn cho san
xuat va sinh hoat dSn den tranh chap nguon ntfdrc.
+ Tai nguyen dau mo c6 truT liTcfng 50% the gidi, la ncfi cung cap dau
mo chu yeu cho the gidi nen t r d thanh ncfi canh tranh anh hiTdng cua
nhieu CLTdng quoc.
+ Dinh kien ve dan toe, ton giao, lich suf phat trien... dSn den xung
dot thifdng xuyen.
+ Sif can thiep day vu Itfi tCr ben ngoai da lam tram trong them van
de

bat-

on

cua

khu

V L T C .

C a u 3:

Dufa vao k i e n thtfc da hoc ve lien minh C h a u A u ( E U ) .
a. Muc dich thanh lg,p EU:
+ Xay diftig, phat trien mot khu vifc ttf do lUU thong hang hoa, dich
vu, tien von va con ngifofi giCfa cac ntfdc thanh vien.
+ Tang cirdng htfp tac, lien ket khong chi ve luat phap, kinh te, noi
vu ma ca tren linh vi/c a n ninh va doi ngoai.
b. ChvCng minh EU la lien minh khu

vvCC

Ictn nhat tren the gidi:

+ So li/tfng cac ntfdc thanh vien tang len lien tuc, nam 2007 c6 27
thanh vien.
+ Mufc do thong nhat, lien ket ngay cang cao.
+ V i the cua EU trong nen kinh te the gidi:
* EU dticng dau the gidi ve GDP, chiem 31% GDP the gidi, trong
khi dien tich chi chiem 2,2%, dan so chi chiem 7,1%.
* EU la trung tam tiiifcfng mai hang dau the gidi, chiem 37,7% gia
tri xuat khau cua the gidi, vtftft ca Hoa K i , Nhat Ban.
* EU C O nhieu dong gop vao sir phat trien cua the gdi, chiem 59%

vien trgf phat trien the gidi, c6 nhieu dong gop vao cac van de mang
tinh toan cau.
205


c. Lien ket vung cf EU:
- K h a i n i ^ m : L a m o t k h u viTc b i e n gidfi cua E U m a d do ngii&i d a n cac
ntfdc t i e n h a n h l i e n k e t , hcfp tac sau r o n g ve cac m a t k i n h t e , x a h o i , v a n
h o a t r e n cof sof t\i n g u y e n v i I d i i c h c h u n g cua cac b e n t h a m g i a .

- Y nghia:
+ T a n g CLfcfng, t h u c d a y q u a t r i n h n h a t t h e h o a d E U .
+ T a n d u n g , p h a t h u y I d i t h e so s a n h cua cac nirdrc.
+ T a n g CLToTng t i n h d o a n k e t , hOli n g h i giOfa cac ni/dc.

C a u 4:
a. Dac diem ca ban ve dan cU - xa hgi Trung

Quoc:

* D a n ci^:
+ D a n so: 1.303.7 t r i e u ngiTcfi ( 2 0 0 5 ) , c h i e m 1/5 d a n so t h e g i d i .
+ T r u n g Quoc c6 t r e n 50 d a n toe k h a c n h a u , ngifori H a n c h i e m t r e n
90%.
+ D a n cii t a p t r u n g d o n g or p h i a D o n g .
+ D a n so t h a n h t h i c h i e m 3 7 % v a c6 x u hiidrng t a n g l e n .

* X a hpi:
+ T r u n g Quoc c h i i t r o n g d e n v i e c p h a t t r i e n g i a o due.
+ T r u y e n t h o n g l a o d o n g c a n cu, s a n g t a o .

b. Chinh sdch dan so Trung

Quoc:

+ C h i n h s a c h d a n so t r i e t de " M o i g i a d i n h c6 m o t c o n " .
+ Tac

dong:

T i e u CLfc: C h i n h s a c h s i n h m o t c o n c o n g vdri t t f t u d n g t r o n g n a m

•

T i c h cLfc: T i s u a t g i a t a n g d a n so t\i n h i e n g i a m c o n 0,6%.

•

(2005)

k h i n h nuf T i a n d e n t i n h t r a n g m a t c a n b k n g gidri t i n h se a n h hiTofng
d e n n g u o n l a o d o n g v a n h i e u v a n de x a h o i k h a c .

c. Phdn bo dan cii Trung
-

quoc:

D a n C L T p h a n b d k h o n g d o n g d e u ( T a p t r u n g d o n g due d p h i a

D o n g , t h i f a t h d t or p h i a T a y ) .
- Nguyen nhan:
+

P h i a D o n g c6

nhieu

d i e u k i e n t h i f o n Igri ( D i a h i n h

bkng

p h a n g , k h i h a u g i o m u a , miJa n h i e u , t a i n g u y e n p h o n g phu...) k i n h te
phat trien.
206


+ Phia Tay dieu kien t\i nhien khac nghiet (Dia hinh chu yeu
1^ doi nui hiem trof, k h i hau luc dia, t a i nguyen i t , kh6 khai thac.)
k i n h te con cham phat trien.
Cau 5:
a. Ve bieu do:.
- Ve bieu do mien thee gia t r i tuyet doi cua xuat nhap Hoa K i .
(Khong xijf ly so' lieu).
- Ve chinh xac, ro rang, tham mi, ghi day du cac thong t i n , dofn v i ,
so lieu, chii thich len bieu do.
+ Thieu ten bieu do, so lieu, dofn v i : trCf 0,25 diem cho moi loai.
+ Thieu chu thich: trCr 0,5 diem.
6. Nhan xet, gidi thich
* Nh|Ln xet:

.

- Hoat dong xuat nhap khau cua Hoa K i ng^y c^ng tkng trifofng,
tong gia t r i nkm 2004 tang gap 1,3 Ian nam 1994.
-

Can can xuat nhap khau cua Hoa K i ngay cang nghieng ve tinh
t r a n g n h a p sieu.
+ Nam 1984: - 108,3 t i USD.
+ Nam 2004: - 617,1 t i USD.
* Giai thich:
- Hoa K i la ctTcfng quoc kinh te, dufng dau the gidi nen nhu cau xuat
nhap khau, tong gia t r i xuat nhap khau cao va ngay cang tang.
- Hien nay Hoa K i dang b i canh tranh manh me bofi cac ntfdfc cua
EU, Nhat Ban va cac nen kinh te mdri ndi.

DE 21
Caul
a) Cat hoi khi gia nhap WTO
- Md rong t h i trifcfng, tao dieu kien cho xuat khau phat trien.
- Hang hoa cua nUdfc ta c6 cof hoi I6n hcfn va binh dang hofn trong
viec tham nhap vao t h i trifcfng quoc te.
- Tang

CLfdng

thu hut von dau ttf

nLfdrc

ngoai.
207


- Co dLftfc mot moi trtfcfng phdp ly holin chinh vk minh bach hcfn,
C O sure hap dSn hcfn doi v6i dau ttf trifc tiep cua nUdc ngoai.
- Nang cao tinh hieu qua va sufc canh tranh cho nen kinh te.
- Giam thue, cat giam hang rao phi thue quan, mof cufa t h i tnfcfng
dich vu se khien moi trtfcrng kinh doanh d niidfc ta ngay cang trd nen
canh tranh hcfn.
- Suf dung dLftfc ccf che giai quyet tranh chap cua WTO.
- Vdri nhieu n6
thoang hcfn.

ILTC

cua WTO, thi/ofng mai quoc te da trof nen thong

b) Thdch th^c cua vi?c gia nh^p

WTO

- Sufc ep canh tranh hang hoa.
- Giam thue, cat giam hang rao phi thue quan hang hoa n\i6c ta
ngay cang phai canh tranh.
- Thach thuTc cua chuyen dich ccf cau kinh te.
- Chuyen dich cd cau life lifdng lao dong.
- Hoan thien the che va cai each nen hanh chinh quoc gia.
- Hoan thien khuon kho phap ly Uen quan den kinh te - thiTomg mai.

- Thach thufc ve nguon nhan

ILTC.

- Phai C O mot doi ngu can bo du manh xuyen suot tCf Trung ifcfng
tdi dia phircrng.
C a u 2:
a) Diem giong nhau ve tyC nhien vd xd hgi cua Tay Nam A vd
Trung A.
* Txi nhien:
- Co v i t r i chien lUdc quan trong trong phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.
- Khi hau kho nong khac nghiet.
- Dat dai do phi thap, khong thuan Itfi cho phat trien nong nghiep.
- Nguon dau mo Idn nhat the gidi.
*Xdhgi:
- Mat do dan so khong cao.
- Da dan toe, la ncfi xuat hien nen van minh eo dai.
- La cai noi cua nhieu ton giao Idn tren the gidi.
- ThiTcfng xay ra xung dot nen dtfcfc xem Ik: diim nong tren the gidi.
208


b) Tay Nam

A va Trung

A trd thdnh

diem bat on tren the

gicfi

- Co v i t r i quan t r o n g ve nhieu mat.
- Co liTgrng dau mo I d n n h a t the g i ^ i .
- T r a n h g i a n h dat dai, nguon ntfdc, cac nguon t a i nguyen khac.
- Xung dot t o n giao.
-

La

khu

v L f c da

dan

toe.

- Cac the \\ic k h u n g bo hoat dong m a n h .
- Sir can t h i e p cua cac the life ben ngolli.
-

ncfi c6 nhieu bien dong phufc tap ve k i n h te - xa h o i ;

Cau 3.
a. Mien

Dong

- Com cac dong bang ven Dai Tay Dtfang. K h i hau on ddi hai dircfng.

-> Thuan Icfi phat t r i e n cay liTcfng thifc, cay ^ n qua.
- Day A-pa-lat chay tCf B^c xuong n a m , cao 1.000m - 1.500m.
- A-pa-lat CO nhieu dtfofng duft gay theo v i tuyen...; k h i hau on d d i .
- Giau t a i nguyen khoang san: t h a n da, sat.. c6 t i e m nSng t h u y
dien Idn.

>

6. Dong bang trung

tam

- N a m giuTa day n i i i A-pa-lat va day n i i i Roc-ki.
- K h i hau on d d i , phia N a m can n h i e t d d i .
- Phan tay va p h i a bac dia h i n h doi n i i i t h a p , t h u a n Igri p h a t t r i e n
dong CO.

,

- Phan phia n a m la dong b k n g do con song M i - x i - x i - p i boi dap; dat
mau mQ, t h u a n Itfi cho san xuat nong nghiep; khoang san: dau mo, k h i
tiTnhien.
c. Mien phia

Tay

- L a day n i i i t r e Co6c-di-e, gom day R6'c-ki d p h i a D o n g v a day
Ne-va-da of phia tay, xen giufa la cac bon dia va ?ao nguyen.
- K h i hau hoang mac va ban hoang mac.
- Dat chu yeu la dat do ba dan, t h u a n I d i p h a t t r i e n dong c6, cay

cong nghiep va t r o n g riftig; khoang san: vang, dong, c h i , boxit,...
- Ven T h a i B i n h DLfdng la dai dong bang nho hep, dat dai mau m d ;
khi hau on ddi va on ddi h a i diTofng.
209


d. A-la-xca,

Ha-oai

- A-la-xca la mot ban dao Idn, nam ve phia tay bac cua Bac M i .
- Dia hinh chu yeu la doi niii; khoang san: dau mo, k h i tii nhien, ...
- Ha-oai nam giffa Thai Binh Dtfctog.
- Giau hai san, c6 tiem nang du lich lorn.
C a u 4.
a, Nhan xet
- Sau 26 nam GDP Trung Quoc c6 SLT thay ddi:
+ T i trong nong nghiep 2011 so vdi 1985 giam: 17,4%
+ T i trong cong nghiep 2011 so vdi 1985 tang: 9,2%
+ T i trong dich vu 2011 so vdri 1985 tang: 8,2%
- T i trong GDP cua Trung Quoc giam nong nghiep, tang cong
nghiep va dich vu.
- Nam 2011 nen k i n h te Trung Quoc vifcft Nhat, trof thanh nen
kinh te Idfn thuf 2 the gidi.
* Nguyen n h a n
- Trung Quoc tien hanh hien dai hoa cong nghiep va nong nghiep.
- Chuyen nen k i n h te chi huy sang nen kinh te t h i trtfcfng.
- Thtfc hien chinh sach md cufa. Thu hut nguon von dau t\i.
h. Vi thehet siic quan trong cua EU trong nen kinh te the gicfi
* E U - mpt trung tam k i n h te hang dau the giofi

- EU la mot trong 3 trung tam kinh te Idn nhat tren the gidi.
- E U dumg dau the gidi ve GDP (2004: EU 12.690,5 t i USD).
- Dan. so chi chiem 7,1% dan so the gidi nhtfng chiem 3 1 % tdng
GDP cua the gidi va tieu thu 19% nang iLfgrng cua the gidi (2004).
* E U - to chtfc thx^cfng mai hang dau the giofi
- EU ddng dau the gidi ve thtrcfng mai, chiem 37,7% gia t r i xuat
khau cua the gidi (2004).
- Ti trong cua EU trong xuat khau the gidi va t i trong xuat khau/GDP
cua EU deu ddng dau the gidi, wxiat xa Hoa K i , Nhat Ban.
- La ban hang idn nhat cua cac nifdc dang phat trien.

210


Cau 5:
a. Bieu do
Loai bieu do thich horp nhat la bieu do mien the hien difcrc stf thay
doi ccr cau gia t r i xuat nhap khau cua Hoa K i giai doan 1995 - 2004.
* Xu; U so lieu:
GIA TRI XUAT NHAP K H A U CUA HOA K I
(Dan vi: %)
Nam

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Xuat khau

43,1

38,3

38,2

36,6

35,7

35,2

Nhap khau

56,9

61,7

61,8

63,4

64,3

64,8

* Ve bieu do:
- Yeu cau:
+ Co ten bieu do, chinh xac, c6 chu thich, dep.
+ Khong CO ten bieu do, khong chinh xac khong cham.
- Neu thieu hoac sai mot chi tiet trCr 0,25 diem.
- Neu tay xoa bieu do t h i trii 0,5 diem.
b. Nhan xet vd giai thich.
* Nhan xet:
- Giai doan 1995 - 2005, ccf cau gia t r i xuat nhap khau cua Hoa K i
CO SLf thay doi theo hiidrng tang t i trong nhap khau, giam t i trong xuat
khau.
- T i trong xuat khau giam lien tuc, giam 7,9%.
- T i trong nhap khau ciia Hoa K i lien tuc t^ng, tSng 7,9%.
- T i trong nhap khau Idfn horn xuat khau, Hoa K i nhap sieu.
* Giai thich:
- Do nhap nguyen, nhien lieu de dap ufng nhu cau san xuat.
- Gia t r i thu ve tCr dau i\i n\i6c ngoai cua Hoa K i rat Idfn.

211


DE 22
C a u 1:
a . Gidi thich:
- Can phai t u duy toan cau v i :
+ Moi tn/cfng Trai Dat la ngoi nha chung cua toan nhan loai.
+ Moi triTdng tvl nhien la mpt the thong nhat, hoan chinh; hoat

dong pha hoai moi trifdng or ncfi nay se anh hudng nhieu den ncfi khac.
- Hanh dong dia phi/cfng:
+ Bao ve moi trtrorng phai dtfgfc tien hanh or tCfng ncfi cu the g^n vdi
cuoc song cua moi ngi/cfi.
+ Khong bao ve moi triTorng mot each chung chung.
b. Hgi nghi thit0ig dinh Rio +20:
- Thofi gian:
+ Thcfi gian: 20 den 22 thang 6 n^m 2012
- Muc tieu:
+ Dam bao cho cdc cam ket chinh t r i ve phat trien ben vuCng da de ra.
+ Danh gia nhufng tien bo va han che trong viec trien khai cac noi
dung cua cac Hoi nghi thtfcfng dinh tnXdc ve phat trien ben vutng dSc
biet la Rio 1992.
+ Xac dinh va t i m cdch giai quyet cho nhiftig thach thufc m6i noi
trong thcfi gian gan day.
- C h u d4 chinh:
+ K i n h te xanh trong boi canh phat trien ben vffng va xoa doi
giam ngheo.
+ Khuon kho the che cho SLf phat trien ben vHng.
C a u 2:
a. Toan cdu hoa vd khu wuV? hocu 2,5d
- TvCdng dong:
+ Deu viftft qua ranh gidi pham vi lanh tho cua 1 nifdc, xoa hoa
ranh giiJi cac quoc gia.
+ Co cung nguon quoc la quoc te hoa kinh te.
212


+ Deu la bieu hien cua lien ket quo'c te.
+ Thiic day cac nUdc mor cua kinh te hop tac tren nhieu mat.

+ CAc nxidc ngay cang phu thuoc Ian nhau.
+ Deu d6i hoi cac ntfdc phai dieu chinh de thich nghi ve chinh sach,
phap luat, ccf che quan ly,...
+ Kich thich chuyen giao cong nghe, thuc day sii hcfp tac ng^y cang
manh me.
- Mau thuan:
+ To^n cau hoa la xu hifdng tat yeu, mor rong tren pham vi toan cau
ve nhieu mat, tang ci/crng siS hop tac quoc te.
+ Khu
hoa dl dS.n den sU chia cat thi trifcfng va sii canh tranh
giCra cac to chiJc khu viic ngay cang gay gat...
+ Xuat hien nhiJng cuoc chien tranh trong mot the gidi da dang.
6. Tdy Nam A vd Trung A:
- Giai thich:
+ Day la van de mang tinh toan cau.
+ Van de nay da trd thanh moi de doa trifc tiep tori on dinh, hoa
binh the gidi.
+ Gay thiet hai lorn cho nhan loai the gidi: ngi/di chet, kinh te thiet
hai nghiem trong, gay kho khan anh hiforng kinh te toan the gidi (gia
xang dau tang).
- Giai phap:
+ Xoa bo mau thutn ve quyen Igri: dat dai, tai nguyen, moi trirorng
song....
+ Xoa bo nhiJng dinh kien ve dan toe, ton giao, van hda...
+ Xoa bo SI/ can thiep vu Igri cua cac the life ben ngoai de c6 diitfc sir
giiip dd cua cong dong quoc te mot each khach quan va cong bang.
+ Ngay cang nang cao siT binh dang, dan chu va mOfc song ngiTori dan.
VLTC

Cau 3:

a. Diem khdc nhau:
- Quy mo nen cang nghiep:
+ Hoa Ki CO nen cong nghiep dilng dau the gidi.
+ Trung Quoc dufng thijT 2.
213


-

Tl trgng cong nghiep trong GDP:

+ Cong nghiep cua Hoa K i trong G D P thap, chiem 19,7%.
+ Trung Quoc con cao chiem 50,9%
-

Ca cdu cong

nghiep:

+ Hoa K i : cac nganh cong nghiep hien dai chiem Oli the: hang
khong - vu try; dien tuT - tin hoc.
+ Trung Quoc: Cac nganh can lao dong dong va re lAi the.
-

Trinh do cong

nghiep:

+ Hoa K i : trinh do cong nghiep rat cao, san pham canh tranh chu
yeu l a cac nganh cong nghe cao: may bay, dien tuf tin hoc, vien thong.

+ Trung Quoc: trinh do cong nghe con thap so vdi mat bang the
gidri; san pham canh tranh chu yeu la cong nghiep hang tieu dung.

b. Dac khu kinh te cua Trung

Quoc

Giai thich:
- G a n nguon nguyen lieu.
- G a n cac mi6c va vung lanh tho c6 von va trinh do phat trien cao:
Nhat Ban, H a n Quoc, Dai Loan,...dac khu Hong Cong, Ma Cao... de thu
hut von dau i\i nxidc ngoai ( F D I )
- Giao thong van tai: cang bien, san bay,... thuan Icfi xuat - nhap
khau nguyen lieu, hang hoa.
- Life liTcfng lao dong doi dao, thi trifcfng tieu thu rong Idn.
V a i tro:
- T h u hiit F D I , tiep nhan chuyen giao cong nghe san xuat tien
tien, CO dieu kien tiep can nen kinh te hien dai tren the gidi.
- Giai quyet viec lam cho ngi/cfi lao dong.
- Tao-vung kinh te mfiu, trong diem thuc day sir phat trien kinh te
xa hoi giOfa cac dia phtrorng tren ca n\s6c.
- Nang cao nang life, trinh do can bo khoa hoc ky thuat va ren
luyen tay nghe cho doi ngu lao dong.
C a u 4:

a. ChtjCng minh:
- Sufc manh cua dong U S D t r e n trtTorng quoc te.
- T i trong von dau tif cua Hoa K i of cac khoi kinh te deu cao.
214

- V a i t r o quan t r o n g cua t h i trifcfng Hoa K i doi v d i cac ntfofc, cac
khoi k i n h te. Sufc mua cua Hoa K i chi phoi t h i triTcfng the gidfi.
- S\i c h i phol cua Hoa K i ve c h i n h t r i , p h a t t r i e n k i n h te cua cac
nifdfc chau A u , Tay A , Dong A va Dong N a m A.
- T i n h quyet d i n h cua k i n h te Hoa K i t r o n g cac k h o i k i n h te
(APEC, E U , W T O ) , ngan hang cac k h u viTc.
- Cac t r u n g tarn t a i c h i n h of cac k h u vi/c deu p h u thuoc vao t r u n g
tam t a i c h i n h N e w Y o r k .
6. Nguyen

nhan:

+ T r a n g b i quan sii, can t h i e p nhieu vao T r u n g Dong, dan den
nhieu v a n de xay r a t a i k h u viic.
+ K h u n g hoang t a i c h i n h toan cau. Dong dola sut gia.
+ Gia dau t a n g Hen tuc.
+ Nifdrc ngoai g i a m dau t\i vao Hoa K i dan den viec l a m , dori song
ngLfofi

dan k h o k h a n a n h hLforng sufc tieu t h u cua ngiTori dan Hoa K i so

v d i trifdrc day.
+ T h i trirorng bat dong san k h o n g phat t r i e n .
+ C h i n h quyen t a p t r u n g t r a n h cuf tong t h o n g m 6 i vao n a m 2008 va
SLf dieu h a n h dat n\l6c l a m vao k h u n g hoang do nhufng t o n dong cua
chinh quyen n h i e m k y trtforc de l a i .
Cau 5:
a. Ve bieu

do:

- Xuf l y so lieu va neu ro each t i n h b a n k i n h cho cac v o n g t r o n . (%)
Nam

2000

2005

100

100

H a n g C N nang va khoang san

25,3

29,0

Hang C N nhe va T T C N

28,4

41,0

H a n g nong san

46,3

30,0

Nhap

100

100

T\i lieu san xuat

84,8

94,9

H a n g tieu dung

15,2

5,1

Xuat

khdu

khdu

215


+ Ban k i n h nufa v6ng tr6n N K
vong trong X K n a m 2000.

nSm

2000 \6n gap 1,22 Ian bdn kinh

nijTa

+ Ban kinh nufa vong tron X K 2005 1dm gap 1,75 Ian b^n kinh
vong tr6n X K nam 2000.

nuTa

+ Ban k i n h nijfa vong trdn N K 2005 I6n gap 1,9 Ian ban kinh nufa
vong tr6n X K 2000.
- Ve bleu do hai nufa tron, mot bieu do nam 2000 va mot bieu do
nam 2005.
6. Nhq,n xet:
- Tir nam 2000 - 2005, tong k i m ngach xuat nhap khau cua nifdc
ta tang 2,68 Ian (xuat khau tang 3,1 Ian; nhap khau tang 2,42 Ian).
- Tuy ban chat cua hoat dong xuat nhap khau trong tCftig giai doan
khac nhau, nhitog tinh trang nhap sieu con Idrn: Nam 2000 nhap sieu
2.706,5 trieu USD, nam 2005 nhap sieu 3.027,2 trieu USD.
-

Ve ccf cau hang xuat nhap khau:

+ Nirdc ta chu yeu nhap khau: t u Heu san xuat, hang tieu dung.
+ Xuat khau hang nong san, hang CN nhe, khoang san.

*

DE23

Cau 1
a. Nhitng tdc dqng cua cupc each mgng khoa hpc dnh hiidng
den SM*phot trien kinh te:
- Khoa hoc va cong nghe t r d thanh life lUcfng san xuat trUc tiep,
chu yeu, tao ra san pham nhif: san xua't phan men, nganh dien tuf, t i n
hoc,...
- Xuat hien cac nganh cong nghiep c6 ham li/cfng khoa hoc k i thuat
cao: san xuat vat Heu mdi, cong nghe gen, ...va cac nganh dich vu c6
ham lucfng t r i thufc cao.
- Lam thay ddi ctf c a u lao dong, tang t i le lao dong lam viec bkng
t r i tue.
- Phat trien thi/cfng mai quoc te, tang cifcfng dau tif nudrc ngoai tren
pham v i toan cau.
h. NhOng thuqn Ifd de tiep cqn nen kinh te tri thvCC cua nxiiic ta,
- Dang - Nha ni/dfc coi giao due la quoc sach hang dau, chu trong
phat trien khoa hoc k i thuat va cong nghe.
216


- Tiem nSng t r i tue

t r i thufc con ngifofi Viet Nam Idrn. Nguon lao

dong tre, doi dao, sdng tao.
- Cof sd vett chat ky thuat ngay cang dirgrc hien dai hoa.
- V i t r i dia ly Tuidc ta thuan Icfi cho hoi nhap va phdt trien.
Cau2

* Tay Nam A l a diem nong c u a the gidri v i :
- Co A4 t r i chien iMc quan trong. Nga 3 chau luc.
- Giau t ^ i nguyen thien nhien dac biet la dau m6. Tap trung nhieu
d Vinh Bec-xich.
- Xung dot ve dan toe, ton gido

cac nhom khung bo.

- Nhieu phan tuf ciTc doan trong cdc ton giao -> mat on dinh chinh t r i .
- Cac nLfdc ttf ban ra sufc ap dat

anh

hLTofng.

- Thieu nguon ntfofc, tranh chap keo dai. ,
* H|Lu qua:
- Kinh te cac quoc gia hi giam sut.
- Dcfi song nhan dan bi de doa.
- Moi trifcfng bi anh htfdng, suy thoai tram trong.
- Lam bien dong gia dau

Anh hudng den phat trien k i n h te.

* Giai quyet cac v a n de:
- Giai quyet nguyen nhan gay mau thuan tren ccf scf hoa binh, ton
trong Ian nhau va dung hoa quyen Itfi.
- Co

SLf n h i f c f n g

bo htfp ly, xoa bo cac

- H6 trtf giai quyet cac van de khu

dinh

V L T C

kien cUc doan.

cap thiet.

Cau3
a. Cong nghiep hoa - Hi^n dgi hoa la nhi^m vu hang ddu:
- Cong nghiep la dong liTc thuc day cac nganh kinh te cung phat trien.
- TQ C O dieu kien thuan Icfi de phat trien cong nghiep: t a i nguyen
phong phu. Da dang, lao dong doi dao, gia re.
- Suf dung nguon von v^ cong nghe ni/dc ngoai hieu qua.
b. Bi^n phdp:
- Thay doi ccf che quan ly: cac nha may difgrc chu dong thiet lai san
xuat va t i m kiem t h i triTdng.
217


-

Thiic h i e n c h i n h sach md cufa va t h u h u t nguon von dau t u ttf

n\l6c ngoai.

- H i e n dai hoa t h i e t b i , ufng dung t h a n h t U U khoa hoc.
- Xay diTng ccS cau nganh hop l y , hieu qua.
c. Ket

qua:

- Ca cau n g a n h c6 svi t h a y doi m a n h me. TCf n a m 1994 phat t r i e n 5
nganh cong nghiep mdri l a dien tuT, hoa dau, san xuat 6 to, che tao
may, xay diftig.
-

San xuat nhieu n g a n h cong nghiep h a n g dau the g i d i : t h a n ,

thep, x i m a n g , p h a n bon,... sif phat t r i e n cua nhuTng nganh k y thuat
cao: dien tuT - t i n hoc, ccf k h i , san xuat may moc, ... quyet d i n h t h a n h
cong t r o n g viec di/a ngifcfi vao vu t r u .
- Day m a n h va p h a t t r i e n cong nghiep nong t h o n .
- P h a n bo tap t r u n g d m i e n Dong va day m a n h phat t r i e n noi dia.
*Lien

v&i Vi$t

Nam:

- TCr n a m 1986 t i e n h a n h doi mdri toan dien nen k i n h te.
- ThiTc h i e n c h i n h sach m d cufa, day m a n h giao liAi hgfp tac.
- Doi mdi quan ly, chuyen tiT tap t r u n g bao cap sang cO che t h i tnfcfng.
- T h a n h lap n h i e u k h u cong nghiep, k h u che xuat t h u h i i t von dau
ttf tCf ntfdc ngoai, g i a i quyet viec l a m , nang cao t a y nghe,...

Cau 4
a. ChvCng minh
nhap

rang

Hoa Ki la dat nUdc cua nhUng

ngitcfi

cii:

- Quy mo dan so t a n g l e n chu yeu do cac luong nhap CLf qua nhieu
thdiky
+ Th§' k i X V I I - X V I I I , n h u f n g ngucfi di cU den Hoa K i la nhufng ngifori
t i n do T h a n h Giao, nhufng ngUori t i n a n c h i n h t r i , nhufng thiicfng n h a n
va nhiJng ke phieu liiU.
+ Trong the k i X V I I I c6 600.000 no le da den b i diTa tiT Chau P h i sang.
+ The k i X I X ngiTcfi Ai-Xcf-Len, nguofi A n h , ngifofi Dufc, ngiTcfi Bac Au
di cif sang Hoa K i .
Cuoi the k i X I X c6 ngiTcfi Xla-vcf, ngifcfi Do T h a i , T r u n g A u va Dong
Au, ngUcfi ven D i a T r u n g H a i , ngi/cfi Chau A.

218


- D a n so Hoa K i tCf 5 t r i e u d a n 1800 l e n 296 t r i e u d a n n a m 2005.
SLT gia t a n g dan so m o t each dac biet n a y cua H o a K i p h a n Idrn l a do
nhap cir. H i e n n a y t r o n g sii gia t a n g dan so cua H o a K i , t i le t a n g ca
hoc cao, chiem t i le 30%.

- T h a n h p h a n chung toe da dang: H i e n n a y 83% d a n so H o a K i c6
nguon goc Chau A u . D a n ctf c6 nguon goc Chau P h i vao k h o a n g 33
trieu ngiTori. D a n cii c6 nguon goc Chau A chiem k h o a n g 3%, NgiTcfi M y
La T i n h chiem khoang 9%. D a n A n h D i e n g c h i con k h o a n g hcfn 3
trieu ngiTofi.
* T a c d p n g c i i a n h i ? n g ngifofi n h a p cvC tofi n e n k i n h te' H o a K i
trong g i a i d o a n d a u x a y dijfng n e n k i n h te tif b a n c h u u g h i a :
- Tick cUc
+ Tao n e n t i n h n a n g dong cua dan oxl t r o n g viec k h a i p h a v u n g d a t
mdri, k h a i pha t a i nguyen va phat t r i e n cac ccf sd k i n h t e .
+ Gop phan gia t a n g

ILTC

li/grng lao dong, gia n h a n cong r e .

+ Diia cac t h a n h tOli khoa hoc k y thuat hien dai tCr Chau Au sang, gop
phan gia tang liic liTc/ng lao dong, h a n che chi p h i dao tao b a n dau.
+ Gop phan thue day phat t r i e n k i n h te xa h o i cua d a t nLfiSc.
- Hffn

che

+ Sif phan hoa giau ngheo v a b a t b i n h dang giufa cac d a n toe l a m
xuat h i e n mau t h u i n giufa cac cong dong ngifcfi.
+ Cac cuoe dau t r a n h bao ve quyen Itfi k i n h te - xa h o i , bao t o n sac
toe luon xay r a l a m cho san xuat b i d i n h don, xa h o i m a t o n d i n h .
Cau5
a. V c hieu do:
-Xuf l y bang so Heu:

NAM

1990

1995

2000

2004

Xuat k h ^ u

43,2

43,1

38,3

35,2

Nh^p k h a u

56,8

56,9

61,7

64,8

- Ve bieu do m i e n .
Yeu cau:
- Ve bieu do c h i n h xac, dep, du cac yeu cau cua bieu do.
- Ve bieu do khae, k h o n g cho d i e m .
219


b. Nhan

xet va giai

thich:

*Nh^nxet:
- N h i n c h u n g , t o n g g i a t r i x u a t n h a p k h a u cua H o a I Q l i e n t u c t S n g
q u a cdc

nam.

- G i a t r i x u a t k h a u t a n g i t horn g i a t r i n h a p k h a u . Ddn chvCng
- T i t r o n g n h a p k h a u t a n g n h a n h hcfn x u a t k h a u .
-> C a n c a n x u a t n h a p k h a u cua H o a K i t h e o hiTdng g i a m wh. l a quoc
gia n h a p sieu.

'

* Giai thich:
-

Q u y m o k i n h t e H o a K i c a n g Idfn b i e u h i e n q u a t d n g g i 6 t r i do

n h i e u d i e u k i e n ve t\S n h i e n v a k i n h t e x a h o i t h u a n I t f i .
-

N h u cau v e n g u o n n g u y e n l i e u , n h i e n l i e u I d n de p h a t t r i e n n e n

k i n h t e n e n n h a p n h i e u tCr mrdc n g o a i m a dac b i e t 1^ c^c niTdc

dang

phat trien.
- X u a t k h a u p h u t h u o c v a o t h i trifofng m a h i e n n a y , c6 n h i e u t r u n g
t a m k i n h t e I d n r a sure c a n h t r a n h v a a n h hirotng

220


PHAN III:

CAC DE T H I D E NGHI
THEO CHUYEN DE
A . I \ H f f M G \AN

DE KK^I TE - XA HOI

T R O N G THC^I K I i n E M D A I
I.

CUpC
DA

C A C H

D A N

M A N G

TGfl

K H O A

HOC

N H C W G T H A Y

- K I T H U A T

D O I

LClN

KINH T E- X A HOI T H E

H I E N

T R O N G

D A I

NEN

GlOfi

Caul:
Hien nay, nen k i n h te the gidi c6 nhOftig bien doi lom lao nhiT the nao?
HlfCfNG

D A N LAM

BAI

* Nen kinh te the giati c6 nhUng Men doi l&n nhit sau:

- Bien d6i ve si2c sdn xudt va guy mo sdn xudt:
+ N e n k i n h te the gi(5i tri/dc day phat t r i e n theo chieu r o n g , h i e n
nay dang phat t r i e n theo chieu sau nhcf t r i n h do k i t h u a t va cong
nghe h i e n dai da tao r a he t h o n g may moc t i f dong, t i f dieu k h i e n he
thong t h o n g t i n h i e n dai, do do cac t h i e t b i va cong nghe dUdc doi
mdi, hoan t h i e n . San p h a m san xuat tao r a tftng ca, ve so lUcfng va
chat iLfgrng.
+ Tuy n h i e n , k h o i lifcfhg san p h a m p h a n bo k h o n g dong deu of cac
qudc gia t r e n the gidfi m a chi t a p t r u n g of cac ntfdc c6 n e n k i n h te
phat t r i e n .
+ d nhieu ntrdfc phat trie'n h i e n nay da xuat h i e n quy mo san xuat
nho va vCra de de dang van dung t h a n h tOu khoa hoc - k i t h u a t , v a n
dung cong nghe mdfi t h a y doi quy t r i n h san xuat, t h a y doi san p h a m
nhanh dap ufng k i p thcfi n h u cau da dang cua ngi/cfi t i e u dung.

- Bien doi ve ca cdu kinh te, ca cdu vd chdt lugng lao dgng:
+ Sii bien doi cof cau k i n h te va lao dong cua c^c ni/dc r a t khac nhau

tuy thuoc vao t r i n h do phat t r i e n va k h a nang ufng dung khoa hoc - k i
thuat vao san xuat tCfng nifdc.
221


+ Nin kinh te
phat t r i e n , k h u
+

U

cac

the
gicd:
T i t r o n g k h u vvCc san xuat v a t chat cham
p h i san xuat v a t chat phat t r i e n n h a n h .

V L T C

niCdc

phat

trien:

T i t r o n g cong nghiem va xay diTng cham

phat t r i e n m a y moc t h a y the sufc lao dong t r o n g cac nganh san xuat
v a t chat, p h a n Idrn lao dong chuyen sang k h u vifc I I I (dich vu). Cac

nganh san xuat p h i v a t chat ngay cang c6 y nghia quan t r o n g t r o n g
viec t a i san xuat sufc lao dong va nang cao hieu qua k i n h te.
+ O

cac

nitdc

dang

va

cham

phat

trien:

sufc lao dong cof b^p vSn

chiem p h a n Idrn t r o n g cac nganh san xuat v a t chat. Ccf cau k i n h te va
cor cau lao dong cham t h a y d d i . T i t r o n g nong nghiep cham phat t r i e n ,
dich vu p h a t t r i e n , t i t r o n g cong nghiep va nong nghiep phat t r i e n
dang ke, mac du t h u nhap chi v i n tCf nong nghiep va cong nghiep.
+ T r o n g n o i bp nganh cong nghiep c6 nhieu chuyen bien quan
t r o n g : Cac n g a n h cong nghiep m u i n h o n c6 h a m iLfcJng k i thuat cao
nhiT dien tuf, v i dien tuf, cong nghe sinh hoc, sieu d i n , t i n hoc, ... difgrc
coi t r o n g va \iu t i e n p h a t t r i e n hcfn mot so nganh t r u y e n thong.
+ Cac n g a n h san xuat k i t h u a t cao tao r a nhufng nghe nghiep mdri
va dat r a nhufng yeu cau cao htfn doi w6i chat liTcfng lao dong.

- Su

thay

doi

vi

phdn

hS

cua

san

xudt:

+ N h i e u mo k h o a n g san mdri difcfc phat h i e n va k h a i thac d nhieu
nori t r e n T r a i D a t .
+ Sufc san xuat xa hoi tang l a m xuat hien cac vung k i n h te phat t r i e n .
+ Do cong nghiep ngay cang suf dung nguon n h i e n lieu m d i , nguyen
v a t lieu n h a n tao n e n cong nghiep k h o n g gan \6i cac k h u mo nhif
trifdfc. N h i e u t r u n g t a m cong nghiep m d i xuat h i e n vdfi h a m li/cJng k i
t h u a t cao hcfn.
+ Cac "nganh cong nghiep san xuat t r u y e n t h o n g nhif luyen k i m ,
hoa chat,... can n h i e u nguyen v a t l i e u difcrc dtfa t a i cac ntfdc dang
p h a t t r i e n , ncfi c6 skn nguyen v a t l i e u , n h a n cong r e , t h i t r i f d n g tieu
thu Idn.
+ Sir t h a y doi hirdrng dau i\i cua cac cong t i I d n cung l a m a n h hifdrng

t d i SLf p h a n bo san xuat t r e n quy mo toan cau. Cac cong t i Idfn da tap
t r u n g dau t\i vao c h i n h cac ntrdrc phat t r i e n : difa cong nghe mdri v d i cac
may moc t h i e t b i t u dong, h i e n dai (khong can nhieu lao dong) den
ncfi v o n t h i e u sufc lao dong nhiftig n h u cau tieu t h u r a t Idrn.
222


+ Viec xuat hien cac khu v i T c kinh te mdri lam quan he kinh te quoc
te cang dUgfc tang cifofng va lam cho nen kinh te the gidfi t r d nen da
dang hcfn.
C a u 2:

a) Vao the k i X X I , xu the toan cau hoa di doi v6i khu v U c hod va da
CLfc hoa diTtfc the hien nhif the nao?
b) Viet Nam can phai lam gi triidc xu the toan cau hoa?
HlfCfNG DAN L A M B A I
a) Xu the toan cdu hod di doi v&i khu vyCc hod vd da cifc
dupe the

hod

hi^n:

- Nen kinh te toan cau hoa difcfc phat trien cao la do nhu cau banh
va canh tranh cua cac c o n g t i xuyen quoc gia va cac CLfcmg quoc
c o n g n g h i e p t r e n ccf scf t a n d u n g n h i j C n g t h a n h t U U cua each m a n g c o n g
nghiep hien dai ma tnfdc het la thanh tUU dien tijf va t i n hoc.
trLfdmg

Do la mot nen k i n h t e t r i thijfc vdi vai tro chu dao cua thong t i n va

tri tue, la SLT chuyen dich nguon gia t r i gia tang chu yeu tCf xuf 11 trifc
tiep vat chat den lam chu cai phi vat chat, den xuf l i thong t i n , nen
kinh te truyen thong bi dao Ion mot each can ban, kinh te ngay nay phai
van dong theo quy tac mdi dtfcfc bieu hien mot mSt bang sif chia tach cac
yeu to tnfofc kia lien ket chat che vdi nhau, mat khac bang sif tuy thuoc
iSn nhau ngay cang gia tang giufa cac linh v i T c va giCfa cac mi&c.
* NhiJng the hien ctf ban cua quan he kinh te quoc te trong xu the
toan cau hoa:
+ Phan cong lao dong quoc te ngay mot sau rong.
+ Thiictog mai quoc te tang len rat nhanh chong.
+ Cac cong t i xuyen quoc gia md rong pham v i boat dong.
+ Cac to

chuTc

tai chinh, ngan hang Idn chi phoi kinh te the gidi.

+ Toan cau hoa khong phai chi lien quan den linh
kinh te ma
con l a xu the ehung cua cac boat dong van hoa - xa hoi va chinh t r i .
V L T C

- Xu the khu vtfc hoa v a d a ctfc hoa di doi vdi toan cau hoa nh^m
bao ve quven Icfi kinh te.
- Cac nifdc trong cung mot khu
thifcfng gan gui nhau v e mat v i
t r i dia l i , van hoa, x a hoi n e n d§ dang giao l i J U vdi nhau v e kinh t e .
V L T C

- Trong cung mot khu v U c kinh

thuan Igfi trong cong viec:

t e SLf h t f p

tac nham dat

di/ofc

nhufng

223


+ Htfp tac de bao ve quyen Ltfi k i n h te cua tCfng quoc gia, chong l a i
sif x a m nhap va l u n g doan cua

riLfdrc

ngoai

+ L i e n k e t gop p h a n dieu hoa boat dong k i n h te cua tiirng
giup cho cac

niidrc

ni/drc,

t r o n g k h o i bao dam sif p h a t t r i e n on d i n h t r a n h

nhiJng cuoc k h u n g hoang k i n h te.

+ L i e n k e t giup dd nhau phat t r i e n bang each suf dung hgfp 11 c^c
nguon von, t a i nguyen, n h a n

ILTC

va mor r o n g t h i triicfng.

- X u t h e nay bieu h i e n cu the toan cau hoa t r o n g nhufng dieu k i e n
p h a t t r i e n k h o n g dong deu gifla cac nxidc, c6 n h o m niTdc t r o n g n h i l n g
dieu k i e n cu t h e , ke ca nhiJng lai i c h khdc nhau cua cac ni/dc va nhom
nirdrc

do t r o n g cac quan he

vdfi

nhau.

- Nhufng l i e n k e t Idrn m a n g t i n h l i e n k h u

VLTC

hay l i e n luc dia nhif:

H i e p d i n h thircfng m a i t u do xuyen D a i Tay DtTcfng giOfa Bac M l va
Lien

m i n h chau

A u ( T A F T A ) ; H o i n g h i hgfp tac

kinh

te A - A u

( A S E A M ) ; H o i n g h i t h i e t lap k h u vtfc thucrng m a i tvi do ven bcf D i a
T r u n g H a i (bao gom cac niidc N a m A , T r u n g Dong va, Bac Phi).
-

Co nhufng k h u

vung nhtf: Cac

ntfofc

viTc

htfp tac n a m gon t r o n g m o t vung hoSc l i e n

t r o n g k h u vifc B^c M i ( N A F T A ) , k h u

viJc

cdc

nifdrc

Dong N a m A ( A S E A N / A F T A , ...)
- Viec h i n h t h a n h cac k h u

VLTC

mau dich t i f do de p h a n chia l a i t h i

trtfcfng va k h u vtfc a n h htfofng t r o n g t r a t ttf the gidfi m d i , dieu do l a m
cho xu t h e k h u viic hoa p h a t t r i e n m a n h me va trof t h a n h mot bieu
h i e n t a p t r u n g cua xu the da ctfc hoa dang dien r a t r e n the gidri.
b) Vi?t Nam triCcfc xu the toan cau

hod:

- Xu the toan cau hoa l a m o t xu the k h o n g the dao

ngiTOc

di/tfc m&c

du xu the do vCra m d ra. nhufng v a n hoi va t r i e n vong m d i me, vCfa bao
h a m nh{?ng t h a c h thufc va nguy ccf.
- Do cung l a thcfi cof de khSc phuc n h a n h c^c m a t yeu k e m cua nen
k i n h te va dcfi song xa h o i , tiep t h u von va cong nghe h i e n dai cua
ntfdc ngoai, t i n h hoa t r i tue cua thcfi d a i , r u t ngSn khoang each de b i t
k i p cac midc d i triTdc.
- Do cung l a t h a c h thufc can phai g i a i quyet h a n g loat kho k h a n v i
nifdrc

ta

qua each m a n g khoa hoc - k i t h u a t va each m a n g cong

chtfa

nghiep. P h a i g i a i quyet dong bo h a n g loat v a n de gai goc ve t r i n h do
dan t r i , ve n a n g liic cong nghe, ve phong each tiT duy, ve nang life
quan l i , . . . de chuyen m i n h l i c h suf tCf mot xa h o i nong nghiep dang
bLfdre dau cong nghiep hoa sang xa h o i t h o n g t i n .
224


- Ve n g u y ccf: P h a i l u o n c a n h g i a c v6i nhChig y do b a n h trifdrng v a
no dich cua m o t so' s i e u cifcfng v a c o n g t y x u y e n quo'c g i a muo'n t h o n g
qua xu t h e t o a n cau h o a de t a c d o n g d e n dtfcfng l o i c h i n h t r i , k i n h t e
va v a n h o a cua cac

nifdc k h a c t h e o h i f d n g c6 l a i cho h o , t h i f c h i e n

chinh sach t h i i c d a n c o n g n g h e d o i vdri cac ntfdc d a n g p h a t t r i e n , v a
chinh sach d i e n b i e n h o a b i n h d o i v d i cac nifdrc x a h o i c h u n g h i a .
- V i e t N a m se k h o n g each l i vdri t h e gidri V i e t N a m c h u d o n g h o i
nhap vao x u t h e t o a n cau h o a , k h u v i i c h o a vdi

day du y nghia

va

trach n h i e m cua m o t quoc g i a c6 doc l a p , c h u q u y e n , hcfp t a c b i n h
dang vdi t a t ca cac quoc g i a k h a c v i sif p h o n v i n h cua d a t niSdc,

tren

ccf sof giOr vUng doc l a p d a n toe, bao ve Igri i c h quoc g i a , k i e n t r i d i n h
hifdfng x a h o i c h u n g h i a . T h e h i e n q u a n h i J n g q u a n d i e m ccf b a n sau:
* Tinh

than

dan tgc phai

dUgfc the hi^n tren

nhieu

mat:

Dircrng l o i c h i n h t r i , c h i e n ItfOc p h a t t r i e n doc l a p , s a n g t a o diTa v a o
xu the thcfi d a i , dac d i e m t i n h h i n h iux6c t a , t r u y e n t h o n g d a n toe, b a n
s^c v a n k h o n g c h i u sufe ep ciia b a t k i t h e life nao. C h a m l o p h a t t r i e n
mot each d o n g bp n o i life k i n h t e , n o i life k h o a hoc v a c o n g n g h e , n o i liic
van hoa m a y e u t o q u y e t d i n h l a y e u t o con ngi/cfi h e t sufe coi t r o n g v i e c
nang cao d a n t r i cho t o a n x a h o i v a dao t a o n h a n t a i .

* Lpfi

ich quoc

gia phai

mqi chinh

sach

doi ngi, doi

nhat

cua

P h a t b u y cac lai t h e so s a n h de n a n g cao h i e u q u a cac b o a t

dong

kinh t e -

luon

luon

la muc

tieu

cao

ngog.i:

x a h o i , difa l a i Itfi l e h cao n h a t cho d a t nU6c.

M a t khac,

khan tri/cfng t a o nhufng lai t h e so s a n h mdfi, x u a t p h a t tCf dac d i e m v a

nhu cau thori d a i , t i ^ x u t h e p h a t t r i e n t h i t r i f c f n g t h e gidfi, tCr t h e m a n h
ve dieu k i e n tiT n h i e n v a x a h o i , v e t a i n g u y e n c o n ngiTcfi v a t a i n g u y e n
nhan v a n

nLfde

* Xdy dUng
xa hgi chu

ta.
nen

kinh

te nhieu

thanh

phdn

theo

dinh

hiCctng

nghia.

D a n g t a d a de r a y e u cau d o i m d i t i f d u y m a trUdrc h e t l a t t f d u y
k i n h t e , e h u y e n tuf ccf che t a p t r u n g q u a n l i e u bao cap, k e h o a c h h o a

tap t r u n g s a n g m o t n e n k i n h t e t h i trtfcfng, p h a t b u y n a n g Ixic

san

xuat cua m o i t h a n h p h a n k i n h t e , mcf cijfa h o i n h a p v a o n e n k i n h t e
the gidri t o a n cau b o a c6 si/ q u a n l i cua N h a nxidc t h e o d i n h hifdfng x a
hoi c h i i n g h i a . H o i n h a p x u t h e t o a n cau h o a , d o i mdri k i n h t e cua

niidc

ta da d i di/orc nbCIng biTdc d a u t i e n r a t q u a n t r o n g , d a dtftfc n h a n

dan

ca niidc n h i e t t i n h hLfdmg ufng v a btfdrc d a u t h u difgrc n h i e u t h a n h t i f u t o
Idfn t r e n n h i e u l i n h vifc.

225


C a u 3:
NhuTng v a n de k i n h te - xa h o i nao can c6 sir phoi hgrp t o ^ n cau de
giai quyet?

HlfCfNG DAN LAM
* Van de chien tranh va hba

BAI

binh:

- N h i e u nifdc v a n con chi p h i Idrn cho quan s\i, chiem t i t r o n g dau
tii I6n t r o n g nen k i n h te quoc dan.
- Cac t h a n h tiXu khoa hoc - k i thuat va cong nghe h i e n dai con
diioc ufng dung de tao ra cac vu k h i t o i t a n h i e n dai.
- Viec buon ban vu k h i van dem lai nguon Icri Icfn cho mot so quoc gia.
- VSn con cac t h a m vpng ve lanh tho va lanh hai la nguon goc cua
nhieu cuoc xung dot cue bo hien dang d i l n ra d mot so nori tren the gicfi.
- NhOrng cuoc xung dot t i e m t a n g (ve dat dai, k i n h te, t o n giao, sac
toe) C O the dan den nhufng cuoc chien t r a n h t r e n quy mo Idfn.
Dau t r a n h bao ve hoa b i n h , chong chien t r a n h , dac biet la chien
t r a n h h a t n h a n v i n la n h i e m vu cap bach cua toan n h a n loai.

* Van de moi triicfng sink thai va bdo v? moi trUcnig:
O cac ntfdrc phat t r i e n cong nghiep phat t r i e n , mufc do ufng dung
khoa hoc - k i t h u a t cong nghe r a t Idfn, cac hoat dong san xuat va sinh
hoat tac dong vao m o i triTdng theo hiiofng gay 6 n h i i m ntfofc (do dung
nhieu hoa chat doc h a i , chat t h a i san xuat va s i n h hoat, ...), 6 n h i i m
k h o n g k h i ( k h i t h a i tCf cac nha may, x i nghiep cong nghiep va cac
phiTcfng t i e n giao t h o n g v a n t a i ) . H i e n tifgrng t h u n g t a n g ozon dang
dtftfc quan t a m n h a t h i e n nay bori cac chat t h a i CFC va R r o m i n chu
yeu tCr cac midc cong nghiep phat t r i e n gay r a .
- CJ cac nxidc dang phat t r i e n : Suy thoai m o i trifdng chu yeu do khai
thac nguon t a i nguyen t h i e n n h i e n de dam bao S L T song.
-

X o i m o n , suy thoai dat, suy k i e t rCfng, k h a i thac can k i e t tai

nguyen, chat t h a i l a m 6 n h i e m moi trtfcfng... la nhuTng v a n de ccf ban
ve m o i triTcfng cua cac nifdc nay.

Hoat dong bao ve m o i trircirng t r e n toan cau r a t da dang va can c6
S L T t h a m gia h6 trcf Ian nhau cua t a t ca cac quoc gia, ciia nhieu to chufc
quoc te t r e n the gidi.

226


* V a n de thiictng mg.i quoc
Tang

nhanh

kinh te

thiet
bieu

hien

ca cac

nay

te) nhif

(kinh

cua

nham

aiSdc

diia

vu cua

chinh

bao

ve

Hien

nay

d o n g de

to

* Van de dan
- Si/

da

+ U

cac

mau

hang

mau

cua

niCac

phdt

van

dich n h a m

san

xuat

de

the

Mufc

Idn, ... nen

-

d

nguf&i g i a , t h i e u

cac

nitdc

dang

so d i e n

sinh

ra

d

cac

kinh te - xa
so t h u h i i t

hoi

cac

q u o c te

da

va

dan so.

Cac

va

bien

cac

thi

hoa la

thi

hoa

dan

quy

Ti

va

do

do

te

Nhieu

hoa,

dich

cung

phat

ctfc

dan

cao,

cua

chung
han

da

chau

che

tac

hoat

han

v i the

ti le ngLfdfi
ra

la cac

so

cao

gia

Phi

se

toan

dan

va

dan

so
vu

dong

nhan

Nhieu

loai.

tang

dan

dirc/c p h a n
La-tinh

no

dan

so

va

nao

to'c

mufc

niidc
cac

dan
dang

to

chufc

chinh

sach

do

tang

trien

de

vay, van

k h i

hien

t d i suT p h a t

Vi

cau.

gidi

bung

n h i e u nifdc thifc h i e n

Mi

gia

dich

trong

so t h e

do do

trien,
tac

do

trien

thCfa.

tang

phat

che

phat

so' d a t

thai toan

g i i i p dd

so

cao

le

toe

dan

dan

trien

t a m
phap

tich

de

dang

sinh

tang

dan

dan

so

wkn

cac

niiac

net

dac trtfng

phdt

hoa

so do

mo,

hod:

dien ra khac nhau

cong n g h i e p

le

hang

dan

van

m o i triTofng

ntfdc

tat

cao.

Do
d

dang

n i f d c c h a u Au

* Van de do thi

-

trien:

dang tien hanh

so t r o n g k h i
con r a t

nirdc

che

dang

k h o n g t t f o r n g x u f n g 80%

cac ni/dc

tai

sir q u a n

thifc h i e n

do

phdt

song

la

...

cau.

liTcfng l a o d o n g k e

ILTC

t a n g t r i f d n g k i n h te

nay d a n g

gao,

suT d u n g

khac, khoi k i n h

han

(WTO)

ngirdri

song

b i n h cua ngifciri

t o e do

tranh

so:

on d i n h , t u o i t h o t r u n g

c h a m soc

diTcfc

hod:
dan

trien:

thtfdng

ca,

thep,

t r o n g mXdc

gidi

vdfi

t o n g so' d a n

cuoc c h i e n

quoc gia

c h o n g l a i mXdc

dich tren toan

cU va do thi

dang

bo,

te, cac

chifa

te.

chufc t h i r c r n g m a i

t h i f c h i e n t t f do

te

h a y c u a c a i v a t c h a t c u a niTdfc m i n h .

ho

dong d e n t h i r o n g m a i quoc

Nhieu

to, thit

khoi kinh

c u a m i n h de

sach bao

nifdc ngoai,

6

tranh

Cac

he

d i e m cua m d r o n g q u a n

nay, t r a t tU thtfcfng m a i quoc

chien

g i a t a n g sufc m a n h

ra

m o t dac

sinh nhieu roi loan.

tinh trang nay.

p h i f c f n g t i e n k i n h te

khac

tdfi

cho

nen

lap cong bang

thiTofng m a i

te la

thifcfng m a i quoc

gidri. Nhtftig

the

te:

chufc

thi

va
rat

nang

trien:
da

cua

thdi

giuia cac
Qua

cao.
ro

Nhieu

ret,

niidc,

trinh

dien ra hang

dai ngay

do

tram

thanh

cac

pho

nhtfng

qua

trinh

k h u

viic.

hoa

gSn

vdi qua

trinh

nay.

Cac

niTdc n a y

c6

thi
n a m

nay

xay

cac t h a n h pho Idn

diTng v d i d i n h
dang

dan

dan

ti

hifdng
ra

cac
227