programmers guide to java scjp certification 3rd edition _ www.bit.ly/taiho123

www.traintelco.com


A Programmer’s Guide to
Java™ SCJP Certification
Third Edition

www.traintelco.com


This page intentionally left blank

www.traintelco.com


A Programmer’s Guide to
Java™ SCJP Certification
A Comprehensive Primer
Third Edition

Khalid A. Mughal
Rolf W. Rasmussen

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco
New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid
Capetown • Sidney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City

www.traintelco.com


Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products

are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher
was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals.
The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no
expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or
arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein.
The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and
content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests.
For more information, please contact:
U.S. Corporate and Government Sales
(800) 382-3419

For sales outside the United States please contact:
International Sales

Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mughal, Khalid Azim.
A programmer's guide to Java SCJP certification : a comprehensive primer / Khalid A.
Mughal, Rolf W. Rasmussen.—3rd ed.
p. cm.
Previously published under title: A programmer’s guide to Java certification.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-321-55605-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Electronic data processing personnel--Certification. 2. Operating systems (Computers)—Examinations--Study guides. 3. Java (Computer program language)--Examinations-Study guides. I. Rasmussen, Rolf (Rolf W.) II. Mughal, Khalid Azim. Programmer’s guide
to Java certification. III. Title.
QA76.3.M846 2008
005.2'762--dc22

2008048822

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by
copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding
permissions, write to:
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-55605-9
ISBN-10:
0-321-55605-4
Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Stoughton, Massachusetts.
First printing, December 2008

www.traintelco.com


To the loving memory of my mother, Zubaida Begum,
and my father, Mohammed Azim.
—K.A.M.

For Olivia E. Rasmussen and
Louise J. Dahlmo.
—R.W.R.

www.traintelco.com


This page intentionally left blank

www.traintelco.com

Contents Overview

Foreword

xxxv

Preface

xxxvii

1

Basics of Java Programming

2

Language Fundamentals

19

3

Declarations

39

4

Access Control

103

5

Operators and Expressions

159

6

Control Flow

203

7

Object-Oriented Programming

283

8

Nested Type Declarations

351

9 Object Lifetime

1

389

10 Fundamental Classes

423

11 Files and Streams

467

12

Localization, Pattern Matching and Formatting

531

13

Threads

613

14 Generics

661
vii

www.traintelco.com

viii

CONTENTS

15

Collections and Maps

747

A Taking the SCJP 1.6 Exam

851

B

Objectives for the SCJP 1.6 Exam

857

C

Objectives for the SCJP 1.6 Upgrade Exam

863

D

Annotated Answers to Review Questions

869

E

Solutions to Programming Exercises

935

F

Mock Exam

959

G

Number Systems and Number Representation

1005

Index

1013

www.traintelco.com


Contents

List of Figures

xxiii

List of Tables

xxvii

List of Examples

xxix

Foreword

xxxv

Preface

xxxvii

1 Basics of Java Programming
1.1
1.2
1.3

1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

1.9
1.10

Introduction
Classes
Declaring Members: Fields and Methods
Objects
Class Instantiation, Reference Values, and References
Object Aliases
Instance Members
Invoking Methods
Static Members
Inheritance
Aggregation
Tenets of Java
Review Questions
Java Programs
Sample Java Application
Essential Elements of a Java Application
Compiling and Running an Application
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercise

1
2
2
3
4
4

6
6
7
7
10
12
13
13
15
15
15
16
17
18
18

ix

www.traintelco.com


x

CONTENTS

2

Language Fundamentals
2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3

Basic Language Elements
Lexical Tokens
Identifiers
Keywords
Literals
Integer Literals
Floating-Point Literals
Boolean Literals
Character Literals
String Literals
White Spaces
Comments
Review Questions
Primitive Data Types
Integer Types
The char Type
The Floating-Point Types
The boolean Type
Review Questions
Variable Declarations
Declaring and Initializing Variables
Reference Variables

Initial Values for Variables
Default Values for Fields
Initializing Local Variables of Primitive Data Types
Initializing Local Reference Variables
Lifetime of Variables
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercise

Declarations
3.1
3.2

3.3

3.4

19
20
20
20
20
21
22
22
23
23
25
25
26

27
28
28
29
29
30
31
31
31
32
33
33
34
35
35
36
37
37

39

Class Declarations
JavaBeans Standard
Naming Patterns for Properties
Naming Patterns for the Event Model
Method Declarations
Statements
Instance Methods and the Object Reference this
Method Overloading
Constructors

The Default Constructor
Overloaded Constructors
Review Questions

www.traintelco.com

40
41
41
42
44
45
45

47
48
49
51
52


CONTENTS

xi

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

Enumerated Types
Declaring Typesafe Enums
Using Typesafe Enums
Declaring Enum Constructors and Members
Implicit Static Methods for Enum Types
Inherited Methods from the Enum Class
Extending Enum Types: Constant-Specific Class Bodies
Declaring Typesafe Enums Revisited
Review Questions
Arrays
Declaring Array Variables
Constructing an Array
Initializing an Array
Using an Array
Anonymous Arrays
Multidimensional Arrays
Review Questions
Parameter Passing
Passing Primitive Data Values
Passing Reference Values
Passing Arrays
Array Elements as Actual Parameters
final Parameters
Variable Arity Methods
Calling a Varargs Method

Varargs and Non-Varargs Method Calls
The main() Method
Program Arguments
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercises

4 Access Control
4.1
4.2

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6

54
54
54
55
57
58
59
62
63
69
70
70
71
72

74
75
79
81
82
84
86
87
89
90
91
93
94
95
96
100
101

103

Java Source File Structure
Packages
Defining Packages
Using Packages
Compiling Code into Packages
Running Code from Packages
Searching for Classes
The JAR Utility
System Properties
Review Questions

Scope Rules
Class Scope for Members

www.traintelco.com

104
105
106
107
115
117
117
120
122
123
129
129


xii

CONTENTS

4.7
4.8

4.9

4.10

5

Block Scope for Local Variables
Accessibility Modifiers for Top-Level Type Declarations
Other Modifiers for Classes
abstract Classes
final Classes
Review Questions
Member Accessibility Modifiers
public Members
protected Members
Default Accessibility for Members
private Members
Review Questions
Other Modifiers for Members
static Members
final Members
abstract Methods
synchronized Methods
native Methods
transient Fields
volatile Fields
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercise

Operators and Expressions
5.1

5.2

5.3
5.4

5.5

Conversions
Widening and Narrowing Primitive Conversions
Widening and Narrowing Reference Conversions
Boxing and Unboxing Conversions
Other Conversions
Type Conversion Contexts
Assignment Context
Method Invocation Context
Casting Context of the Unary Type Cast Operator: (type)
Numeric Promotion Context
Precedence and Associativity Rules for Operators
Evaluation Order of Operands
Left-Hand Operand Evaluation First
Operand Evaluation before Operation Execution
Left to Right Evaluation of Argument Lists
The Simple Assignment Operator =
Assigning Primitive Values
Assigning References
Multiple Assignments
Type Conversions in Assignment Context

www.traintelco.com

131

132
135
135
136
138
138
139
141
142
143
144
146
147
148
150
150
151
152
153
154
157
157

159
160
160
161
162
162
163

164
164
164
165
166
168
168
168
169
169
169
169
170
171


CONTENTS

xiii

5.6

5.7
5.8

5.9
5.10
5.11

5.12

5.13

5.14
5.15

Review Questions
Arithmetic Operators: *, /, %, +, Arithmetic Operator Precedence and Associativity
Evaluation Order in Arithmetic Expressions
Range of Numeric Values
Unary Arithmetic Operators: -, +
Multiplicative Binary Operators: *, /, %
Additive Binary Operators: +, Numeric Promotions in Arithmetic Expressions
Arithmetic Compound Assignment Operators: *=, /=, %=, +=, -=
Review Questions
The Binary String Concatenation Operator +
Variable Increment and Decrement Operators: ++, -The Increment Operator ++
The Decrement Operator -Review Questions
Boolean Expressions
Relational Operators: <, <=, >, >=
Equality
Primitive Data Value Equality: ==, !=
Object Reference Equality: ==, !=
Object Value Equality
Boolean Logical Operators: !, ^, &, |
Operand Evaluation for Boolean Logical Operators
Boolean Logical Compound Assignment Operators: &=, ^=, |=
Conditional Operators: &&, ||
Short-Circuit Evaluation
Review Questions

The Conditional Operator: ?:
Other Operators: new, [], instanceof
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercise

6 Control Flow
6.1
6.2

6.3

173
174
174
174
175
177
178
180
180
182
184
185
186
187
187
188
190
190
191

191
192
193
194
195
195
196
197
199
201
201
202
202

203

Overview of Control Flow Statements
Selection Statements
The Simple if Statement
The if-else Statement
The switch Statement
Review Questions
Iteration Statements
The while Statement
The do-while Statement
The for(;;) Statement
The for(:) Statement

www.traintelco.com

204
204
204
205
207
212
216
217
217
218
220


xiv

CONTENTS

6.4

6.5
6.6

6.7

6.8
6.9
6.10

7

Transfer Statements
Labeled Statements
The break Statement
The continue Statement
The return Statement
Review Questions
Stack-Based Execution and Exception Propagation
Exception Types
The Exception Class
The RuntimeException Class
The Error Class
Checked and Unchecked Exceptions
Defining New Exceptions
Exception Handling: try, catch, and finally
The try Block
The catch Block
The finally Block
The throw Statement
The throws Clause
Review Questions
Assertions
The assert Statement and the AssertionError Class
Compiling Assertions
Runtime Enabling and Disabling of Assertions
Using Assertions
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercises

Object-Oriented Programming

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4
7.5

Single Implementation Inheritance
Inheritance Hierarchy
Relationships: is-a and has-a
The Supertype-Subtype Relationship
Overriding Methods
Instance Method Overriding
Covariant return in Overriding Methods
Overriding vs. Overloading
Hiding Members
Field Hiding
Static Method Hiding
The Object Reference super
Review Questions
Chaining Constructors Using this() and super()
The this() Constructor Call

www.traintelco.com

223
223
224

226
228
229
235
239
241
241
242
243
244
245
245
246
251
255
257
260
265
265
267
269
272
276
279
279

283
284
286
286

287
288
288
290
292
294
294
294
295
297
302
302


CONTENTS

xv

7.6

7.7

7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11

7.12
7.13
7.14

The super() Constructor Call
Review Questions
Interfaces
Defining Interfaces
Abstract Method Declarations
Implementing Interfaces
Extending Interfaces
Interface References
Constants in Interfaces
Review Questions
Arrays and Subtyping
Arrays and Subtype Covariance
Array Store Check
Reference Values and Conversions
Reference Value Assignment Conversions
Method Invocation Conversions Involving References
Overloaded Method Resolution
Reference Casting and the instanceof Operator
The Cast Operator
The instanceof Operator
Review Questions
Polymorphism and Dynamic Method Lookup
Inheritance Versus Aggregation
Basic Concepts in Object-Oriented Design
Encapsulation
Cohesion
Coupling
Review Questions
Chapter Summary

Programming Exercises

8 Nested Type Declarations
8.1
8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

Overview of Nested Type Declarations
Static Member Types
Declaring and Using Static Member Types
Accessing Members in Enclosing Context
Non-Static Member Classes
Instantiating Non-Static Member Classes
Accessing Members in Enclosing Context
Review Questions
Local Classes
Accessing Declarations in Enclosing Context
Instantiating Local Classes
Anonymous Classes
Extending an Existing Class

www.traintelco.com

305
308

309
310
310
312
313
314
314
315
317
317
319
319
320
323
324
327
327
328
332
340
342
345
345
346
346
347
349
349

351

352
355
355
357
359
360
362
367
371
372
374
377
377


xvi

CONTENTS

Implementing an Interface
Instantiating Anonymous Classes
Accessing Declarations in Enclosing Context
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercise

9

Object Lifetime
9.1

9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11

389

Garbage Collection
Reachable Objects
Facilitating Garbage Collection
Object Finalization
Finalizer Chaining
Invoking Garbage Collection Programmatically
Review Questions
Initializers
Field Initializer Expressions
Static Initializer Blocks
Instance Initializer Blocks
Constructing Initial Object State
Review Questions
Chapter Summary

10 Fundamental Classes
10.1

10.2
10.3

10.4

379
380
380
382
386
386

Overview of the java.lang Package
The Object Class
Review Questions
The Wrapper Classes
Common Wrapper Class Constructors
Common Wrapper Class Utility Methods
Numeric Wrapper Classes
The Character Class
The Boolean Class
Review Questions
The String Class
Immutability
Creating and Initializing Strings
The CharSequence Interface
Reading Characters from a String
Comparing Strings
Character Case in a String
Concatenation of Strings

Searching for Characters and Substrings
Extracting Substrings
Converting Primitive Values and Objects to Strings

www.traintelco.com

390
390
392
396
397
398
401
406
406
410
413
416
420
422

423
424
424
428
428
429
430
433
436

437
437
439
439
439
442
443
445
446
446
448
449
450


CONTENTS

xvii

10.5

Formatting Values
Pattern Matching
Review Questions
The StringBuilder and the StringBuffer Classes
Thread-Safety
Mutability
Constructing String Builders
Reading and Changing Characters in String Builders
Constructing Strings from String Builders

Appending, Inserting, and Deleting Characters in String Builders
Controlling String Builder Capacity
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercises

11 Files and Streams
11.1
11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5
11.6

450
452
452
456
456
456
457
457
458
458
460
461
464

465

467

Input and Output
The File Class
Querying the File System
File or Directory Existence
File and Directory Permissions
Listing Directory Entries
Creating New Files and Directories
Renaming Files and Directories
Deleting Files and Directories
Byte Streams: Input Streams and Output Streams
File Streams
Filter Streams
Reading and Writing Binary Values
Review Questions
Character Streams: Readers and Writers
Print Writers
Writing Text Files
Reading Text Files
Using Buffered Writers
Using Buffered Readers
The Standard Input, Output, and Error Streams
Comparison of Byte Streams and Character Streams
The Console class
Review Questions
Object Serialization
The ObjectOutputStream Class

The ObjectInputStream Class
Customizing Object Serialization
Serialization and Inheritance

www.traintelco.com

468
468
470
472
472
473
473
474
474
475
477
479
479
484
488
490
492
494
495
496
499
500
500
506

510
511
512
517
519


xviii

CONTENTS

Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercise

12 Localization, Pattern Matching, and Formatting
12.1
12.2
12.3

12.4

12.5

12.6

12.7

The java.util.Locale Class
The java.util.Date Class

The java.util.Calendar Class
Static Factory Methods to Create a Calendar
Interoperability with the Date Class
Selected get and set Methods
Manipulating a Calendar
Comparing Calendars
The java.text.DateFormat Class
Static Factory Methods to Create a Date/Time Formatter
Formatting Dates
Parsing Strings to Date/Time
Managing the Calendar and the Number Formatter
The java.text.NumberFormat Class
Static Factory Methods to Create a Number Formatter
Formatting Numbers and Currency
Parsing Strings to Numbers
Specifying the Number of Digits
Review Questions
String Pattern Matching Using Regular Expressions
Regular Expression Fundamentals
Escaping Metacharacters
The java.util.regex.Pattern Class
The java.util.regex.Matcher Class
The java.util.Scanner Class
Review Questions
Formatting Values
Overview
Defining Format Specifiers
Conversion Categories and Formatting Conversions
Selected Format Exceptions
Using the format() Method

Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercises

522
529
530

531
532
535
536
537
537
537
539
540
541
541
542
543
545
546
546
546
547
547
551
554
554

561
562
566
571
582
593
593
595
597
601
602
604
610
610

13 Threads

613

13.1
13.2
13.3

614
614
615

Multitasking
Overview of Threads
The Main Thread

www.traintelco.com


CONTENTS

xix

13.4

13.5

13.6

Thread Creation
Implementing the Runnable Interface
Extending the Thread Class
Review Questions
Synchronization
Locks
Synchronized Methods
Synchronized Blocks
Review Questions
Thread Transitions
Thread States
Thread Priorities
Thread Scheduler
Running and Yielding
Sleeping and Waking Up
Waiting and Notifying

Joining
Blocking for I/O
Thread Termination
Deadlocks
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercises

14 Generics
14.1
14.2

14.3
14.4

14.5

14.6

615
616
619
622
626
626
627
629
631
634
634

638
638
639
640
640
647
649
650
651
653
658
659

661

Introducing Generics
Generic Types and Parameterized Types
Generic Types
Parameterized Types
Generic Interfaces
Extending Generic Types
Raw Types and Unchecked Warnings
Collections and Generics
Wildcards
The Subtype Covariance Problem with Parameterized Types
Wildcard Types
Subtype Covariance: ? extends Type
Subtype Contravariance: ? super Type
Subtype Bivariance: ?
Subtype Invariance: Type

Some Restrictions on Wildcard Types
Using References of Wildcard Parameterized Types
Generic Reference Assignment
Using Parameterized References to Call Set and Get Methods
Bounded Type Parameters
Multiple Bounds

www.traintelco.com

662
663
663
665
666
668
670
672
673
673
675
675
676
677
677
677
678
679
680
684
686

xx

CONTENTS

14.7
14.8

14.9
14.10

14.11
14.12

14.13

Review Questions
Implementing a Simplified Generic Stack
Generic Methods and Constructors
Generic Method Declaration
Calling Generic Methods
Wildcard Capture
Capture Conversion
Flexibility with Wildcard Parameterized Types
Nested Wildcards
Wildcard Parameterized Types as Formal Parameters
Flexible Comparisons with Wildcards
Recursive Bounds
Type Erasure

Bridge Methods
Implications for Overloading and Overriding
Method Signature
Implications for Overloading
Implications for Overriding
Limitations and Restrictions on Generic Types
Reifiable Types
Implications for instanceof operator
Implications for Casting
Implications for Arrays
Implications for Varargs
Implications for Exception Handling
Implications for Nested Classes
Other Implications
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercises

15 Collections and Maps
15.1

15.2

15.3

Comparing Objects
The equals() Method
The hashCode() Method
The Comparable<E> Interface
The Comparator<E> Interface

Review Questions
The Java Collections Framework
Core Interfaces
Implementations
Collections
Basic Operations
Bulk Operations
Iterators

www.traintelco.com

686
695
697
699
700
703
705
705
705
707
709
712
714
716
716
716
717
718
722

722
723
724
726
729
730
731
733
734
744
745

747
748
751
760
765
771
775
777
778
780
784
784
785
785


CONTENTS

xxi

Array Operations
Review Questions
15.4 Sets
The HashSet<E> and LinkedHashSet<E> Classes
15.5 The SortedSet<E> and NavigableSet<E> Interfaces
The SortedSet<E> Interface
The NavigableSet<E> Interface
The TreeSet<E> Class
15.6 Lists
The ArrayList<E>, LinkedList<E>, and Vector<E> Classes
15.7 Queues
The Queue<E> Interface
The PriorityQueue<E> and LinkedList<E> Classes
The Deque<E> Interface
The ArrayDeque<E> and LinkedList<E> Class
Review Questions
15.8 Maps
Basic Operations
Bulk Operations
Collection Views
15.9 Map Implementations
The HashMap<K,V>, LinkedHashMap<K,V>, and Hashtable<K,V> Classes
15.10 The SortedMap<K,V> and NavigableMap<K,V> Interfaces
The SortedMap<K,V> Interface
The NavigableMap<K,V> Interface
The TreeMap<K,V> Class
Review Questions
15.11 Working with Collections

Ordering Elements in Lists
Searching in Collections
Changing Elements in Collections
Sorting Arrays
Searching in Arrays
Creating List Views of Arrays
Miscellaneous Utility Methods in the Arrays Class
Review Questions
Chapter Summary
Programming Exercises

A

Taking the SCJP 1.6 Exam
A.1
A.2

Preparing for the Programmer Exam
Registering for the Exam
Obtaining an Exam Voucher
Signing Up for the Test
Contact Information

www.traintelco.com

790
791
796
796
800

800
801
802
804
806
809
809
810
813
815
816
821
821
822
822
823
823
826
826
827
828
833
838
838
840
841
842
843
845
846

846
849
850

851
851
852
852
852
852


xxii

CONTENTS

A.3

A.4

A.5

B

After Taking the Exam
How the Examination Is Conducted
The Testing Locations
Utilizing the Allotted Time
The Exam Program
The Questions

Types of Questions Asked
Types of Answers Expected
Topics Covered by the Questions
Moving on to Other Java Technology Exams

Objectives for the SCJP 1.6 Exam

853
853
853
853
854
854
854
855
855
856

857

C Objectives for the SCJP 1.6 Upgrade Exam

863

D Annotated Answers to Review Questions

869

E Solutions to Programming Exercises

935

F Mock Exam

959

G

Number Systems and Number Representation
G.1

G.2
G.3

G.4

Number Systems
Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Number System
Converting Binary Numbers to Decimals
Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Decimals
Relationship between Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Numbers
Converting Decimals
Converting Decimals to Binary Numbers
Converting Decimals to Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers
Representing Integers
Calculating 2’s Complement

Index

1005

1005
1005
1006
1007
1007
1008
1008
1009
1010
1011

1013

www.traintelco.com


List of Figures

1.1
UML Notation
for Classes
Chapter
11
1.2 UML Notation for Objects
1.3 Aliases
1.4 Class Diagram Showing Static Members of a Class
1.5 Members of a Class
1.6 Class Diagram Depicting Inheritance Relationship
1.7 Class Diagram Depicting Aggregation
2.1

Primitive
Chapter
2 19Data Types in Java
3.1
The Event
Chapter
3 39Model
3.2 Array of Arrays
3.3 Parameter Passing: Primitive Data Values
3.4 Parameter Passing: Reference Values
3.5 Parameter Passing: Arrays
4.1
Java Source
Chapter
4 103File Structure
4.2 Package Hierarchy
4.3 File Hierarchy
4.4 Searching for Classes
4.5 Searching in JAR files
4.6 Block Scope
4.7 Public Accessibility
4.8 Protected Accessibility
4.9 Default Accessibility
4.10 Private Accessibility
5.1
Widening
Primitive Conversions
Chapter
5 159
5.2 Overflow and Underflow in Floating-point Arithmetic

5.3 Numeric Promotion in Arithmetic Expressions
6.1
Activity
Diagram for if Statements
Chapter
6 203
6.2 Activity Diagram for a switch Statement
6.3 Activity Diagram for the while Statement
6.4 Activity Diagram for the do-while Statement
6.5 Activity Diagram for the for Statement
6.6 Enhanced for Statement
6.7 Method Execution

3
5
6
8
9
10
12
28
43
78
84
85
87
104
105
116
118

121
132
141
142
143
144
160
176
181
205
208
217
218
219
221
237

xxiii

www.traintelco.com


xxiv

LIST OF FIGURES

6.8 Exception Propagation
6.9 Partial Exception Inheritance Hierarchy
6.10 The try-catch-finally Construct
6.11 Exception Handling (Scenario 1)

6.12 Exception Handling (Scenario 2)
6.13 Exception Handling (Scenario 3)
6.14 Execution of the Simple assert Statement (with Assertions Enabled)
6.15 Package Hierarchy
7.1
Inheritance
Chapter
7 283Hierarchy
7.2 Inheritance Relations
7.3 Reference Type Hierarchy: Arrays and Subtype Covariance
7.4 Type Hierarchy to Illustrate Polymorphism
7.5 Implementing Data Structures by Inheritance and Aggregation
8.1
Static Member
Chapter
8 351 Classes and Interfaces
8.2 Outer Object with Associated Inner Objects
8.3 Nested Classes and Inheritance
8.4 Local Classes and Inheritance Hierarchy
9.1
Memory
Organization at Runtime
Chapter
9 389
10.1
Partial10
Inheritance
Hierarchy in the java.lang Package
Chapter
423

10.2 Converting Values Between Primitive, Wrapper, and String Types
11.1
Partial11
Byte
Stream Inheritance Hierarchies
Chapter
467
11.2 Stream Chaining for Reading and Writing Binary Values to a File
11.3 Partial Character Stream Inheritance Hierarchies
11.4 Setting up a PrintWriter to Write to a File
11.5 Setting up Readers to read Characters
11.6 Buffered Writers
11.7 Buffered Readers
11.8 Keyboard and Display as Console
11.9 Object Stream Chaining
13.1
Threads Using a Runnable Object
ChaSpawning
pter 12
3 531
613
13.2 Spawning Threads—Extending the Thread Class
13.3 Thread States
13.4 Running and Yielding
13.5 Sleeping and Waking up
13.6 Waiting and Notifying
13.7 Thread Communication
13.8 Stack Users
13.9 Joining of Threads
13.10 Deadlock

14.1
Extending
Generic Types
Chapter
14 661
14.2 No Subtype Covariance for Parameterized Types
14.4 Partial Type Hierarchy for Node<? super Integer>
14.3 Partial Type Hierarchy for Node<? extends Number>
14.5 Partial Type Hierarchy for Selected Parameterized Types of Node<E>
14.6 Flexible Comparisons with Wildcards
15.1
The Core
Interfaces
Chapter
15 747

www.traintelco.com

238
240
246
248
249
250
266
271
287
314
318
340

342
358
362
366
374
392
424
429
476
481
489
493
494
496
497
501
511
616
620
635
639
640
641
642
643
648
652
668
674
676

676
678
709
778