EU Private International Law Harmonization of Laws

EU Private International Law


ELGAR EUROPEAN LAW
Series editor: John Usher, Professor of European Law and Head, School of
Law, University of Exeter, UK
European integration is the driving force behind constant evolution and
change in the laws of the member states and the institutions of the European
Union. This important series will offer short, state-of-the-art overviews of
many specific areas of EU law, from competition law to consumer law and
from environmental law to labour law. Whilst most books will take a thematic,
vertical approach, others will offer a more horizontal approach and consider
the overarching themes of EU law.
Distilled from rigorous substantive analysis, and written by some of the
best names in the field, as well as the new generation of scholars, these books
are designed both to guide the reader through the changing legislation itself,
and to provide a firm theoretical foundation for advanced study. They will be
an invaluable source of reference for scholars and postgraduate students in the
fields of EU law and European integration, as well as lawyers from the respective individual fields and policymakers within the EU.
Titles in the series include:
EU Consumer Law and Policy
Stephen Weatherill
EU Private International Law
Harmonization of Laws
Peter Stone


EU Private International
Law
Harmonization of Laws

Peter Stone
Professor of Law, University of Essex, UK

ELGAR EUROPEAN LAW

Edward Elgar
Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA


© Peter Stone 2006
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission
of the publisher.
Published by
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
Glensanda House
Montpellier Parade
Cheltenham
Glos GL50 1UA
UK
Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
136 West Street
Suite 202
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A catalogue record for this book

is available from the British Library

ISBN-13: 978 1 84542 015 4 (cased)
ISBN-10: 1 84542 015 2 (cased)
Typeset by Cambrian Typesetters, Camberley, Surrey
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall


Contents
Series editor’s preface
Preface
Table of cases
Table of statutes
Table of statutory instruments
Table of EU directives and regulations
Table of treaties

vii
ix
x
xxxiv
xxxvii
xxxix
li

PART I INTRODUCTION
1

Introduction

3

PART II CIVIL JURISDICTION AND JUDGMENTS
2 History, outline and scope
3 Domicile
4 Alternative jurisdiction
5 Protected contracts
6 Exclusive jurisdiction
7 Submission
8 Concurrent proceedings
9 Provisional measures
10 Recognition and enforcement of judgments
11 Enforcement procedure

13
45
64
113
133
155
176
198
205
238

PART III CHOICE OF LAW IN RESPECT OF OBLIGATIONS
12 Contracts
13 Protected contracts
14 Torts
15 Restitution

263
312
330
377

PART IV FAMILY MATTERS
16

Matrimonial proceedings

383
v


vi

Contents

17 Parental responsibility
18 Familial maintenance and matrimonial property
PART V

403
430

INSOLVENCY

19 Insolvency

439

Index

463


Series editor’s preface
Private international law at the European level is a topic which in recent years
has both grown enormously and changed its legal character. Some seven years
ago, Professor Stone published a book on Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments in
Europe, analysing the 1968 Brussels Convention on that subject and the case
law to which it had given rise. Since 2000, that Convention has been replaced
by a directly applicable Regulation, and Regulations have also been adopted,
to cite the major examples, on recognition and enforcement of judgments in
matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility, on insolvency
proceedings, on the service in Member States of judicial and extrajudicial
documents in civil or commercial matters, and on co-operation between the
courts of Member States in the taking of civil or commercial evidence.
Furthermore, the case law in relation to the legislation on jurisdiction and
judgments has prompted one commentator to write an article on the ‘systematic dismantling’ of the common law of conflict of laws. Hence the need for,
and the importance of, the present book, and I am very grateful to Professor
Stone for guiding us (sometimes critically) through this rapidly developing
area with commendable clarity.
So far as the legal character of the legislation is concerned, the original
Brussels Convention, whilst based on what is now Article 293 of the EC
Treaty, was not in the strict sense EC Law, but rather a separate convention
between the Member States of the EC; it was nevertheless described as ensuring the free movement of judgments to accompany the free movement of
goods, persons, services and capital under the EC Treaty. However, the
Amsterdam Treaty brought judicial co-operation into a new Title IV of the EC

Treaty, giving rise to the legislation mentioned in the previous paragraph – but
at a price. Title IV also deals with the sensitive issues of asylum, immigration
and visas, and Protocols were negotiated to the effect that it should not in principle apply to the UK, Ireland, or Denmark. The UK and Ireland nevertheless
have the power under their Protocols to opt-in to legislation adopted under
Title IV, and they have done so with regard to all the measures discussed in
this book. However, the Danish Protocol does not contain such a provision,
meaning that this area has become a practical example of differentiated integration within the EU. However, it will be seen that for jurisdiction and judgments, the original solution was for the Brussels Convention to continue to
apply in relations between the other Member States and Denmark, and in 2005
vii


viii

Series editor’s preface

an international agreement was signed between the rest of the EU and
Denmark to allow for the application of the Regulation in Denmark, a model
which presumably can be followed in relation to the other relevant measures.
Thus the issues go beyond specific questions of private international law, and
this book will be found to be of interest by a wider audience.
John A. Usher
November 2005


Preface
In recent years, European Community legislation designed to harmonize the
laws of the Member States on many important topics within private international law has been adopted or proposed. This volume seeks to analyse in
detail the most significant of these EC measures and proposals.
After a general introduction, Chapters 2–11 examine the Brussels I
Regulation on civil jurisdiction and judgments. Chapters 12 and 13 deal with

the Rome Convention on choice of law in respect of contracts, and Chapters
14 and 15 with the Rome II Proposal on choice of law in respect of torts and
restitutionary obligations. Family matters, especially the Brussels IIA
Regulation on matrimonial matters and parental responsibility, are considered
in Chapters 16–18. Finally, Chapter 19 examines the Insolvency Regulation.
The present volume reached its semi-final form in November 2005, and
makes use of materials available by that date. It has also been possible to
incorporate some important subsequent developments in the case-law up to
March 2006. But the three EC Commission proposals released in December
2005 and January 2006 – the Maintenance Proposal, the Rome I Proposal, and
the amended Rome II Proposal – came too late for their content to be examained.
Peter Stone
Colchester
March 2006

ix


Table of cases
UNITED KINGDOM
3T Telecom Ltd, Re [2005] All ER
(D) 91 444
A, Re [1988] 1 FLR 365, CA 401,
414
A, Re [1991] 2 FLR 241, CA 414
A, Re [1996] 1 WLR 25 401
A, Re [2004] 1 All ER 912 405,
411
A v A [1993] 2 FLR 225 402
A v L [2002] 1 FLR 142 411

ABCI v Banque Franco-Tunisienne
[1997] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 531, CA;
affirming [1996] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
485 32, 95, 207
ABCI v Banque Franco-Tunisienne
[2003] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 146, CA
350
ABKCO v Music Collection [1995]
RPC 657, CA 96
AIG v QBE [2001] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
268 158
AIG Group v Ethniki, The [2000] 2
All ER 566, CA; affirming [1998]
4 All ER 301 73, 78, 158
AZ, Re [1993] 1 FLR 682, CA
420
Abouloff v Oppenheimer (1882) 10
QBD 295 216
Ace Insurance v Zurich Insurance
[2001] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 618, CA
50, 54, 57, 173
Adams v Cape Industries [1990] Ch
433 218, 226–8

Adams v National Bank of Greece
and Athens [1961] AC 255 293
Agnew v Länsförsäkringsbolagens
[2001] 1 AC 223, HL; affirming
[1997] 4 All ER 937, CA;
affirming [1996] 4 All ER 978

73, 115
Aiglon v Gau Shan [1993] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 164 42, 56, 64, 107
Aim Underwriting Agencies
(Ireland) Ltd, Re [2005] ILPr 22
279, 323, 324, 326, 442, 445
Airbus Industrie v Patel [1999] 1 AC
119, HL; reversing [1997] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 8, CA 192, 193
Akai v People’s Insurance [1998] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 90 267, 274, 311
Al H v F [2001] 1 FCR 385, CA
401, 402, 413
Albazero, The [1977] AC 774, HL;
reversing [1974] 2 All ER 906
79
Albeko v Kamborian Shoe Machine
Co (1961) 111 LJ 519 294
Amazonia, The [1990] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 236, CA 277
American Motorists Insurance Co v
Cellstar Corp [2003] ILPr 22, CA
50
Amin Rasheed v Kuwait Insurance
Co [1984] 1 AC 50, HL 270,
271, 272, 278, 279, 323
Amoco (UK) Exploration Co v
British American Offshore Ltd
[1999] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 772 192

Table of cases

Anchor Line, Re [1937] 1 Ch 483
289
Andrew Weir Shipping Ltd v
Wartsila UK Ltd [2004] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 377 109
Angelic Grace, The [1995] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 87, CA 35, 192, 193
Anna H, The [1995] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
11, CA 104
Anton Durbeck v Den Norske Bank
[2003] QB 1160, CA; [2002]
EWHC 1173 94, 101
Apple Corps v Apple Computer
[1992] FSR 431 294
Apple Corps v Apple Computer
[2004] ILPr 34 286
Arab Monetary Fund v Hashim
[1996] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 589, CA,
affirming [1993] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
543 303, 377, 378, 379
Arena Corporation, Re [2003]
EWHC 3032, Ch 442
Arkwright v Bryanston [1990] 2 QB
649 51, 54
Armar, The [1981] 1 WLR 207
276
Armstrong v Armstrong [2003] 2

FLR 375 62
Ashurst v Pollard [2001] Ch 595,
CA; affirming [2000] 2 All ER
772 29, 135
Assunzione, The [1954] P 150
289
Atlantic Emperor (No 1), The [1989]
1 Lloyd’s Rep 548, CA 295
Atlas Shipping Agency v Suisse
Atlantique [1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
188 72, 84, 102
Attock Cement v Romanian Bank
for Foreign Trade [1989] 1 WLR
1147, CA 280
B, Re [1993] 1 FLR 993 402

xi

B, Re [1994] 2 FLR 249, CA 419
B, Re 24 July 1995, CA 402, 413
B v B [1993] Fam 32, CA 419
B v B [2004] EWCA Civ 681 413,
421
BCCHK v Sonali Bank [1995] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 22 280
BRAC Rent-A-Car International, Re
[2003] 1 WLR 1421 442
Babanaft International v Bassatne
[1990] Ch 13, CA 203
Balkanbank v Taher [1995] 1 WLR

1067, CA 202
Bank of Africa v Cohen [1909] 2 Ch
129 298
Bank of Baroda v Vysya Bank
[1994] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 87 280,
286
Bank of Dubai v Abbas [1997] ILPr
308, CA 61
Bank of Scotland v Banque
Nationale de Paris 1996 SLT 103
50, 165, 186, 189
Bank of Scotland v Butcher, 28 July
1998 (unreported), CA 280,
290
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi v Baskan
Gida [2004] ILPr 26 68, 95, 96,
108, 109, 111, 163, 169, 179, 180,
188, 191
Baring Brothers v Cunninghame DC
[1996] WL 1093491, OH CS
303, 378
Barry v Bradshaw [2000] ILPr 706
77
Base Metal Trading Ltd v Shamurin
[2002] CLC 322, [2004] 1 All ER
(Comm) 159, affirmed [2005] 1
All ER (Comm) 17, CA 268,
320, 321, 354
Batthyany v Walford (1887) 36 Ch
D 269 378

xii

Table of cases

Bautrading v Nordling [1997] 3 All
ER 718, CA 203, 212
Bazias 3, The [1993] QB 673, CA
204
Bell v Exxtor, 24 February 1993
(unreported), CA 135
Berezovsky v Michaels [2000] 1
WLR 1004, HL 57, 93
Bergen, The [1997] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
380 39, 104, 155
Berisford v New Hampshire
Insurance [1990] QB 631 51, 54
Birnie v Expro Gulf Ltd, 24 June
2004, EAT 322
Bodley Head v Flegon [1972] 1
WLR 680 298, 307
Boissevain v Weil [1950] AC 327
229
Bonacina, Re [1912] 2 Ch 394, CA
265, 294
Bonython v Australia [1951] AC 201
278, 284, 292
Booth v Phillips [2004] 1 WLR
3292 319

Boss Group v Boss France [1997] 1
WLR 351, CA 56, 64, 68, 73,
78, 178
Boston Scientific v Cordis, 18
November 1997 (unreported)
144
Bothan v Ministry of Defence, 12
November 2004, EAT 322
Boys v Chaplin [1971] AC 356
341, 373
Bragg v Bragg [1925] P 20 235
Bristow Helicopters Ltd v Silorsky
Aircraft Corp [2004] EWHC 401
51
British South Africa Co v De Beers
Consolidated Mines [1912] AC
52, CA; reversing [1910] 2 Ch
502 289

British Sugar v Babbini [2005] 1 All
ER (Comm) 55 167
Britto v Home Secretary [1984] Imm
AR 93 401
Broken Hill Pty v Xenakis [1982] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 304 280
C, Re [1989] 1 FLR 403 419
C (Abduction: Settlement), Re
[2005] 1 FLR 127. See Cannon v
Cannon 422
C v C [2004] EWHC 1959 (Fam)

396
C v FC [2004] 1 FLR 317 404, 411
CGU International Insurance v
Szabo [2002] Lloyd’s Rep IR 196
276, 290, 323
Caledonia Sunsea v Microperi
[2003] SC 70, Inner House;
affirming [2001] SCLR 634
286, 287
Caltex v Metro [1999] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 724 110, 175
Cameron v Cameron [1996] SLT
306, Inner House 401, 402,
413
Canada Trust v Stolzenberg (No 2)
[2002] 1 AC 1, HL; affirming
[1998] 1 WLR 547, CA
47, 68, 107
Cannon v Cannon [2005] 1 FLR
169, CA 420, 422
Carnoustie v ITWF [2002] 2 All ER
(Comm) 657 293
Cartwright v Cartwright [2002] 2
FLR 610 27
Casio Computer v Sayo [2001] ILPr
43, CA 89, 97, 108
Caterpillar Financial Services v SNC
Passion [2004] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 99
273
Centrax v Citibank [1999] 1 All ER

(Comm) 557, CA 276, 277


Table of cases

Chagos Islanders v Attorney General
[2004] EWCA Civ 997; affirming
[2003] EWHC 2222 302
Chailease Fianance Corp v Crédit
Agricole Indosuez [2000] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 348, CA 76, 280
Channel Tunnel Group v Balfour
Beatty [1993] AC 334 200, 202
Chaparral, The [1968] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
158 171
Charman v WOC Offshore [1993] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 551, CA 120
Chase Manhattan Bank v IsraelBritish Bank [1981] Ch 105
377, 379
Chatenay v Brazilian Submarine
Telegraph Co [1891] 1 QB 79,
CA 299
Chellaram v Chellaram (No 2)
[2002] 3 All ER 17 68, 69, 102
Cheni v Cheni [1965] P 85 305
Chequepoint v McClelland [1997]
QB 51, CA 201
Chiron v Murex [1993] FSR 567,
CA 310
Ci4net.com Inc, Re [2005] BCC 277

445
Citibank v Rafidian Bank [2003]
ILPr 49 226
Clipper Shipping v SO Investment
[1989] ECC 216, OH 204
Co Tunisienne de Navigation v Co
d’Armement Maritime [1971] AC
572 272, 276–7, 279, 280, 285
Coast Lines v Hudig & Veder [1972]
2 QB 34 279, 289, 294
Cohn, Re [1945] Ch 5 292
Coin Controls v Suzo International
[1997] 3 All ER 45 143, 144,
189
Comet Group v Unika Computer
[2004] ILPr 1 200, 222

xiii

Connelly v RTZ [1996] QB 361, CA
50
Continental Bank v Aeakos [1994] 1
WLR 588, CA 35, 186, 192,
193
Cooke’s Trusts, Re (1887) 56 LT
737 298
Cool Carriers v HSBC Bank [2001]
2 Lloyd’s Rep 22 183
Cooper v Cooper (1888) 13 App Cas
88 298

Coupland v Arabian Gulf Petroleum
Co [1983] 3 All ER 226, CA;
affirming [1983] 2 All ER 434
373–4
Courtney, Re [1835–42] All ER Rep
415 289
Cover Europe Ltd, Re [2002] BPIR
931 29, 183
Coverbat v Jackson, 31 January
1997 (unreported), CA 231
Crédit Lyonnais v New Hampshire
Insurance Co [1997] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 1, CA 286, 287, 326
Crédit Suisse v Cuoghi [1998] QB
818, CA 199, 202, 203
Crédit Suisse v MLC [1999] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 767 192
Crédit Suisse Financial Products v
SGE [1997] ILPr 165 157
Croft v King [1893] 1 QB 419 108
Crofts v Cathay Pacific Airways
[2005] EWCA Civ 599, CA 322
Cronos Containers v Palatin [2003]
2 Lloyd’s Rep 489 96, 176
Cumming v Scottish Daily Record
[1995] EMLR 538 49, 67
D v D [1996] 1 FLR 574 401, 402,
413
D v P [1998] 2 FLR 25 188
DC v WOC, 5 July 2000

(unreported) 50


xiv

Table of cases

DSM Anti-Infectives v Smithkline
Beecham [2004] EWCA Civ
1199, CA; affirming [2004]
EWHC 1309 51
DSS v Butler [1995] 4 All ER 193
202
D’Almeida v Becker [1953] 2 QB
329 301
Daisytek-ISA Ltd, Re [2004] BPIR
30 442, 445
Daniel v Foster 1989 SCLR 378
61, 62, 432
Davenport v Corinthian Motor
Policies at Lloyds 1991 SLT 774
99, 114
Davy International v Voest Alpine
[1999] 1 All ER 103, CA
185
Def Lepp Music v Sturat-Brown
[1986] RPC 273 143
Definitely Maybe v Marek
Lieberberg [2001] 1 WLR 1745
84, 287

Deichland, The [1990] QB 361, CA
103, 104, 182
Derby v Weldon [1990] Ch 65, CA;
affirming Times, 15 November
1988 203, 209
Deschamps v Miller [1908] 1 Ch
856 137
Deutsche Schachtbau- und
Tiefbohrgesellschaft v Ras Al
Khaimah National Oil Co [1990]
AC 295 275
Dexter v Harley [2001] WL 272859;
Times, 2 April 2001 89, 97
Dickson v Dickson [1990] SCLR
692, Inner House 401
Dollfus Mieg v CDW International
[2004] ILPr 12 111
Domicrest v Swiss Bank Corp
[1999] QB 548 95, 350

Donohue v Armco [2002] 1 All ER
749, HL 54, 173, 192
Drax Holdings Ltd, Re [2004] 1
BCLC 10 442
Dresser v Falcongate [1992] QB 502
162, 184
Dubai Bank v Abbas, 17 July 1996
(unreported), CA 432
Dunhill v Diffusion Internationale de
Maroquinerie de Prestige [2002]

ILPr 13 73, 95
Durham v T & N, 1 May 1996
(unreported), CA 303
EMI v Watterbach [1992] 1 QB 115
208, 209
East West Corp v DKBS 1912
[2003] 2 All ER 700, CA;
affirming [2002] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
182 293
Edmunds v Simmonds [2001] 1
WLR 1003 341, 344, 353,
374
Egon Oldendorff v Libera Corp
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 64; [1996]
1 Lloyd’s Rep 380 279, 295
El Amria, The [1981] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
119, CA 54, 173
Eli Lilly v Novo Nordisk [2000]
ILPr 73, CA 50, 57, 169
Ellis v McHenry (1871) LR 6 CP
228 215
Emanuel v Symon [1908] 1 KB 302
218
Emmett, ex parte [1993] 2 FLR 663
235
English v Donnelly [1958] SC 494
309, 315
Ennstone Building Products v
Stanger [2002] 1 WLR 3059, CA
285, 287, 288

Equitas v Wave City Shopping
[2005] EWHC 923 86, 94


Table of cases

Ertel Bieber v Rio Tinto [1918] AC
260 293, 305
European Capital Trade Finance Ltd
v Antenna Hungaria, 23 February
1996 (unreported), CA 266
Evans v Evans [1989] 1 FLR 135,
CA 414
Evia Luck, The [1992] 2 AC 152
275, 295, 303, 378
Evialis v Siat [2003] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
377 170, 186
F, Re [1992] 1 FLR 548, CA 401,
402, 413
F, Re [1995] 3 All ER 641, CA
420
F v S [1993] 2 FLR 686, CA 401,
402, 413
Ferguson Shipbuilders v Voith
Hydro 2000 SLT 229, OH 64,
287
Financial Services Authority v Dobb
White & Co [200] BPIR 479
442
Finnish Marine Insurance v

Protective National Insurance
[1990] 1 QB 1078 98
Firswood v Petra Bank [1996] CLC
608, CA 30, 163
Fitzgerald v Williams [1996] 2 All
ER 171, CA 201
Fort Dodge v Akzo [1998] FSR 222,
CA 142–4, 189
Foster v Driscoll [1929] 1 KB 470,
CA 229, 306
Fournier v Fournier [1998] 2 FLR
990, CA 26, 430
Fox v Taher [1997] ILPr 441, CA
178, 184
Frans Maas Logistics v CDR
Trucking [1999] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
170 39
Fraser v Buckle [1996] 1 IR 1 275

xv

Freccia del Nord, The [1989] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 388 184
Front Comor, The [2005] EWHC
454 35, 36, 375
G, Re [1993] 1 WLR 824, CA 413
G, Re [1995] 1 FLR 64 420
G, Re [2004] 1 FLR 378, CA
404, 405, 408, 411
Gan Insurance v Tai Ping Insurance

[1999] Lloyd’s Rep 472, CA
281, 285
Gascoine v Pyrah [1994] ILPr 82,
CA 108
Gateshead MBC v L [1996] Fam 55
413
General Textiles v Sun & Sand
Agencies [1978] 1 QB 279
228
Geveran Trading Co Ltd v
Skjevesland [2003] BPIR 73
444, 445
Glencore v Metro [1999] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 632 163, 183, 184, 186
Glencore v Metro [2001] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 284 266, 322, 354
Glencore v Shell [1999] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 692 183
Glencore Grain v Agros Trading
[1999] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 410, CA
170
Godard v Gray (1870) LR 6 QB 139
215
Grant, ex parte, 31 July 1997
(unreported) 401
Grant, William v Marie-Brizard
1996 SCLR 987 179, 181, 287
Gray v Formosa [1963] P 259 225
Greenwich Ltd v National
Westminster Bank [1999] 2

Lloyd’s Rep 308 201
Griggs v Evans [2004] EWHC 1088
136, 137, 143, 145


xvi

Table of cases

Grell v Levy (1864) 143 ER 1052
309
Grupo Torras v Al-Sabah [1995] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 374 30, 47, 49, 56,
57, 61, 62, 64, 141, 178, 184,
188, 191, 432
H, Re [1991] 2 AC 476 418
H, Re [1998] AC 72 419
H, Re [2000] 2 AC 291 419
HIB v Guardian Insurance [1997] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 412 284, 299
Haji-Ioannou v Frangos [1999] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 337, CA 57, 58
Halley, The (1868) LR 2 PC 193
339
Hamlyn v Talisker Distillery [1894]
AC 202 279
Happy Fellow, The [1998] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 13 105, 181
Harding v Wealands [2005] 1 All ER
415, CA 301, 341, 344, 353, 373

Hardwick Game Farm v SAPPA
[1966] 1 WLR 287 266
Hari Bhum, The [2005] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 67, CA 32–6, 116, 178,
193, 375
Harrods (Buenos Aires) Ltd, Re
[1992] OJ C219/4, HL; [1992] Ch
72, CA 50, 51, 141
Hawthorne, Re (1883) 23 Ch D 743
137
Hayward, Re [1997] Ch 45 28, 30,
135, 142
Heidberg, The [1994] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
287 35, 208, 218, 295
Henderson v Henderson (1844) 115
ER 111 215
Hewden Stuart v Gottwald, 13 May
1992 (unreported), CA 75, 92,
174
Holding Oil v Marc Rich [1996]
CLY 1085, CA 109

Hollandia, The [1983] 1 AC 565
270
Hough v P & O Containers [1999]
QB 834 106, 110, 169
House of Spring Gardens v Waite
[1991] 1 QB 241, CA 216
Hulse v Chambers [2001] 1 WLR
2386 374

IBS v APM [2003] All ER (D) 105
96, 174
IP Metal v Ruote (No 2) [1994] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 560, CA 186
Ikarian Reefer, The (No 2) [2000] 1
WLR 603, CA; affirming [1999]
2 Lloyd’s Rep 621 37, 109, 119
Ikimi v Ikimi [2002] Fam 72; [2001]
2 FCR 385, CA 62, 401
Indian Endurance, The (No 2)
[1998] AC 878 104
Insured Financial Structures v
Elektrocieplownia Tychy [2003]
QB 1260, CA 171
Interdesco v Nullifire [1992] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 180 216, 229, 247
Iran Continental Shelf Oil Co v IRI
International Corp [2002] EWCA
Civ 1024, CA 285, 287
Iran Vojdan, The [1984] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 380 276
Ispahani v Bank Melli Iran [1998]
Lloyd’s Rep Bank 133, CA 306
Ivan Zagubanski, The [2002] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 106 32, 33, 35
J, Re [1990] 2 AC 562 401, 402,
413
JP Morgan Europe Ltd v Primacom
AG [2005] EWHC 508 167,
179, 182, 191, 198

Jacobs Marcus v Crédit Lyonnais
(1884) 12 QBD 589 284, 293
Jacobson v Frachon (1927) 44 TLR
103 226, 229


Table of cases

James Burrough Distillers v
Speymalt Whisky Distributors
[1991] RPC 130 143
Jarrett v Barclays Bank [1997] 2 All
ER 484 138
Jogia, Re [1988] 1 WLR 484 98
Johnson v Coventry Churchill
[1992] 3 All ER 14 321, 341,
354
Johnson v Taylor [1920] AC 144,
HL 79
Jones v Trollope Colls, Times, 26
January 1990, CA 303
Jordan v Baltic Insurance Group
[1999] 2 AC 127 118
K, Re, 24 June 1991 (unreported),
CA 413
K, Re [1995] 2 FLR 211, CA 413
Kahler v Midland Bank [1950] AC
24 294
Kapur v Kapur [1984] FLR 920
401

Kaufman v Gerson [1904] 1 KB
591, CA 295, 305
Kay’s Leasing v Fletcher (1964) 116
CLR 124 310
Kenburn Waste Management v
Bergmann [2002] ILPr 33, CA;
affirming [2002] FSR 44 75,
84, 288
King v Brandywine Reinsurance Co
[2004] EWHC 1033 276
King v Crown Energy [2003] ILPr
28 63, 108
Kitechnology v Unicor [1995] FSR
765, CA 89, 92, 97, 169, 170
Kleinwort v Ungarische Baumwolle
[1939] 2 KB 678, CA 307
Kleinwort Benson v City of
Glasgow DC [1999] AC 153, HL;
reversing [1996] 2 All ER 257,
CA 72–4, 88–90, 107

xvii

Kloechner v Gatoil [1990] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 177 186
Knauf UK v British Gypsum [2001]
EWCA Civ 1570, CA 55,
159
Komninos S, The [1991] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 370, CA 171, 279, 303

Konkola Copper Mines v Coromin
[2005] EWHC 898 54, 173
Kribi, The [2001] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 76
159, 161, 163, 186, 192
Kurz v Stella Musical [1992] Ch 196
170
Kuwait Airways v Iraqi Airways
(Nos 4 and 5) [2002] 2 AC 883
339
Kuwait Oil Tanker Co v Qabazard
[2004] 1 AC 300 154
LA Gear v Whelan [1991] FSR 670
143, 189
Ladgroup v Euroeast Lines 1997
SLT 916, OH 104
Lafi v Meriden [2000] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 51 50, 157, 170
Lake Avery, The [1997] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 540 32, 33, 294
Landhurst Leasing v Marcq [1998]
ILPr 822 207, 248, 249
Latchin v General Mediterranean
Holidays [2002] CLC 330 63,
68, 101, 108, 285, 288
Lawrence v Lawrence [1985] Fam
106 400
Lawson v Serco [2006] UKHL 3
322
Le Feuvre v Sullivan (1855) 14 ER
389 304

Lennon v Scottish Daily Record
[2004] EMLR 18 49, 67
Lepre v Lepre [1965] P 52 225
Leroux v Brown (1852) 12 CB 801
297


xviii

Table of cases

Lesotho Highlands Development
Authority v Impregilo [2003] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 497, CA; affirming
[2003] 1 All ER (Comm) 22
302
Leyland DAF Ltd, Re [1994] 2
BCLC 106, CA 30
Libyan Arab Foreign Bank v
Bankers Trust [1988] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 259 307
Libyan Arab Foreign Bank v
Manufacturers Hanover Trust (No
2) [1989] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 608
307
Lightning v Lightning Electrical
Contractors, 23 April 1998
(unreported), CA 135
Linda, The [1988] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
175 182

Lloyd v Guibert (1865) LR 1 QB
115 289
Lubbe v Cape (No 1) [1999] ILPr
113, CA 50
Lubbe v Cape (No 2) [2000] 1 WLR
1545, HL; [2000] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
139, CA 50
M, Re [1993] 1 FLR 495, CA 401,
413
M, Re, 10 August 1995 (unreported),
CA 401, 402, 413
M, Re [1996] 1 FLR 887, CA 401,
402, 413
M v M [1997] 2 FLR 263, CA
401, 402
MBM Fabri-Clad v Eisen und
Huttenwerke Thale [2000] ILPr
505, CA 75, 79
Macartney, Re [1921] 1 Ch 522
224, 228
Macaulay v Macaulay [1991] 1
WLR 179 235, 434
Mackender v Feldia [1967] 2 QB
590 295

Macmillan v Bishopsgate Trust (No
3) [1996] 1 WLR 387, CA;
affirming [1995] 1 WLR 978
137, 304
Macrae v Macrae [1949] P 397, CA

401
Mahme Trust Reg v Lloyds TSB
Bank [2004] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 637
50
Maimann v Maimann [2001] EWCA
Civ 1132, CA 164
Male v Roberts (1800) 3 Esp 163
298
Man v Haryanto [1991] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 429, CA 235
Marann Brooks CSV Ltd, Re [2003]
BPIR 1159 441
Marc Rich v Impianti (No 2) [1992]
1 Lloyd’s Rep 624, CA 175
Marconi Communications v Pan
Indonesia Bank [2005] EWCA
Civ 422, CA; affirming [2004] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 594 280, 285, 287
Mark v Mark [2004] 1 FCR 385, CA
402
Mariannina, The [1983] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 12 276
Maronier v Larmer [2003] QB 620,
CA 226
Marubeni v Mongolian Government
(No 1) [2002] 2 All ER (Comm)
873 268, 279, 298, 299, 300
Marubeni v Mongolian Government
(No 2) [2004] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 198
299, 300

Maspons v Mildred (1882) 9 QBD
530, CA; affirmed (1883) 8
AppCas 874 300
Massey v Heynes (1881) 21 QBD
330 108
Mazur Media Ltd v Mazur Media
GmbH [2005] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 41
96, 460


Table of cases

McFeetridge v Stewarts & Lloyds
[1913] SC 773 298
Mecklermedia v DC Congress
[1998] Ch 40 96, 183, 189
Mediterranean Shipping Co v
Atlantic Container Line [1999]
CLY 4441, CA 192
Medway Packaging v Meurer
Maschinen [1990] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
112 78
Mercantile Investment Co v River
Plate Co [1892] 2 Ch 303 289
Mercedes-Benz v Leiduck [1996] 1
AC 284, PC 202
Mercury Communications v
Communication Telesystems
International [1999] 2 All ER
(Comm) 33 169, 170, 281

Mercury Publicity v Loerke [1993]
ILPr 142, CA 56, 64, 75, 84,
129
Merrill Lynch v Municipality of
Piraeus [1997] CLC 1214 300
Merzario v Leitner [2001] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 490 39
Messier Dowty v Sabena [2000] 1
WLR 2040, CA 108, 109
Metall und Rohstoff v Donaldson
Lufkin & Jenrette [1990] QB 391,
CA 94
Miles Platts v Townroe [2003] 1 All
ER (Comm) 561, CA 178
Miliangos v Frank [1976] AC 443
249
Miller v Whitworth [1970] AC 583
280
Milor v British Airways [1996] 3 All
ER 537 50
Minster v Hyundai [1988] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 621 95
Mirchandani v Somaia [2001] WL
239782 285

xix

Missouri Steamship Co (1889) 42
ChD 321 279, 294
Modus Vivendi v Sanmex [1996]

FSR 790 96
Molins v GD [2000] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
234, CA 184
Montagu Evans v Young 2000 SLT
1083, OH 84
Mora Shipping v Axa Corporate
Solutions Assurance [2005]
EWHC Civ 1069, CA 75
Morin v Bonhams & Brooks [2004]
1 Lloyd’s Rep 702, CA; affirming
[2003] 2 All ER (Comm) 36
295
Motorola Credit Corp v Uzan [2004]
1 WLR 113 193, 203
Mount Albert BC v Australasian Life
Insurance Society [1938] AC 224
289, 293, 294, 307
Mount I, The [2001] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
597, CA 304
Nabb Brothers Ltd v Lloyds Bank
International (Guernsey) Ltd
[2005] EWHC 405 97
N, Re [1993] 2 FLR 124, CA 401
Napp Laboratories v Pfizer [1993]
FSR 150 142
Nasser v United Bank of Kuwait
[2002] 1 WLR 1868 201, 227
National Bank of Greece and Athens
v Metliss [1958] AC 509 293
Nessa v Chief Adjudication Officer

[1999] 1 WLR 1937, HL 401,
402
Neste Chemicals v DK Line [1994]
3 All ER 180 184
New Hampshire Insurance Co v
Strabag Bau [1992] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 361 115
Newmarch v Newmarch [1978] Fam
79 235


xx

Table of cases

Newtherapeutics Ltd v Katz [1991]
Ch 226 142
Nike v Parker, 31 October 1994
(unreported), CA 50
Nile Rhapsody, The [1994] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 382, CA 50
Noirhomme v Walklate [1992] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 427 232
Normaco v Lundman [1999] ILPr
381 209
Norris v Chambres (1861) 3 De GF
& J 583 137
O, Re [1997] 2 FLR 702 419
OT Africa Line v Magic Sportswear
Corp [2005] EWCA Civ 710

267, 274
Oakley v Ultra Vehicle Design Ltd
[2005] EWHC 872 30, 272, 441
Ophthalmic Innovations
International (UK) Ltd v
Ophthalmic Innovations
International Inc [2004] EWHC
2948 287
Owens Bank v Bracco [1992] 2 AC
443 216
Owusu v Jackson [2002] ILPr 45,
CA 50, 52–4, 56, 57
P (GE), Re [1965] 1 Ch 568, CA
413, 414
P v A-N [2000] WL 33148939
401, 413, 414
Padolecchia v Padolecchia [1968] P
314 400
Parouth, The [1982] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
351, CA 294
Pearce v Ove Arup [2000] Ch 403,
CA; affirming [1997] Ch 293
50, 96, 143, 144
Peninsular Line v Shand (1865) 16
ER 103 279, 294
Perrini v Perrini [1979] 2 All ER
323 400

Petrotrade v Smith [1998] 2 All ER
346 47, 62, 107, 432

Philips Domestic Appliances and
Personal Care BV v Salton
Europe Ltd [2004] EWHC 2092
54
Phillip Alexander Securities v
Bamberger [1997] ILPr 73, CA
193, 226
Po, The [1991] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 206
38, 50, 104
Polly Peck International, Re [1998]
3 All ER 812, CA 50, 136
Pordea v Times Newspapers, 16
March 1999 (unreported) 227
Pound v Hardy [1956] AC 588
293
Power Curber v National Bank of
Kuwait [1981] 1 WLR 1233
284
Presentaciones Musicales v Secunda
[1994] Ch 271, CA 300
Prinsengracht, The [1993] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 41 104
Print Concept v GEW [2001] ECC
36 286
Project XJ220 Ltd v Comte d’Uzes
and Comte de Dampierre, 19
November 1993 (unreported)
123
Provimi v Aventis [2003] EWHC
961 167

Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v
Prudential Insurance Co of
America [2003] 1 WLR 2295,
CA 144, 151, 219
Q’s Estate, Re [1999] 1 Lloyd’s Rep
931 33
QRS v Frandsen [1993] 3 All ER
289, CA 23, 30
Qureshi v Qureshi [1972] Fam 173
235


Table of cases

R, Re [1992] 2 FLR 481, CA
401, 402, 413
R (No 2), Re [1993] 1 FLR 249
413
R, Re [1995] 1 FLR 716, CA 420
R v Brentwood Registrar, ex parte
Arias [1968] 2 QB 956 400
R v International Trustee [1937] AC
500 272, 276, 284, 293, 294
R v R [1995] Fam 209, CA 421
R v R [2005] 1 FLR 687 413
Raiffeisen Zentralbank v National
Bank of Greece [1999] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 408 77, 83, 90, 95, 281,
284, 350
Ralli v Naviera [1920] 2 KB 287

306, 307
Rank Film Distributors v Lanterna
[1992] ILPr 58 77, 174, 178
Rayner v Cafenorte [1999] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 750, CA 244
Rayner v Davies [2003] 1 All ER
(Comm) 394, CA; affirming
[2002] 1 All ER (Comm) 620
90, 125
Regazzoni v Sethia [1958] AC 301,
HL 229, 306
Reichhold v Goldman Sachs [2000]
1 WLR 173, CA 189
Rellis v Hart [1993] SLT 738 413
Republic of Haiti v Duvalier [1990]
QB 202, CA 203
Republic of India v India Steamship
Co Ltd (No 2) [1998] AC 878
182
Rewia, The [1991] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
325, CA; reversing [1991] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 69 54, 59, 63, 109
Roerig v Valiant Trawlers [2002] 1
All ER 961, CA 353, 374
Rosseel v Oriental Commercial
[1990] 3 All ER 545, CA 203

xxi

Rosso, The [1982] 3 All ER 841, CA

292, 297
Rousillon v Rousillon (1880) 14
ChD 351 294, 309
Royal Bank of Scotland v Cassa di
Risparmio delle Provincie
Lombard [1992] WL 895017, CA
76
Royal Boskalis v Mountain [1999]
QB 674, CA 295, 305, 306
Ruby v Commercial Union (1933)
150 LT 38, CA 299
S, Re [1991] 2 FLR 1, CA 413
S, Re [1993] Fam 242, CA 420
S, Re [1994] Fam 70 401, 413
S, Re [1994] 1 FLR 819, CA 420
S, Re [1995] 1 FLR 314 413
S, Re [1998] AC 750 402, 414,
418, 419
S, Re [2003] EWHC 3065 417
S (No 1), Re [2004] 1 FLR 571
426
S (No 2), Re [2004] 1 FLR 582 425
S v H [1998] Fam 49 419
S v S [1997] 1 WLR 1200 196
SCOR v Eras (No 2) [1995] 2 All
ER 278 107, 195
SISRO v Ampersand Software
[1994] ILPr 55 216, 229
SNIA v Lee Kui Jak [1987] AC 871
192

Salvage Association, Re [2004] 1
WLR 174 441, 442
Samcrete v Land Rover [2001]
EWCA Civ 2019 281, 283, 286,
287, 288
Santa Fe v Gates, 16 January 1991
(unreported), CA 91
Sarrio v Kuwait Investment
Authority [1997] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 113, CA 50, 57, 58, 188,
190


xxii

Table of cases

Sayers v International Drilling
[1971] 3 All ER 163 272, 279,
281, 294
Schibsby v Westenholz (1870) LR 6
QB 155 218
Sea Maas, The [1999] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
281 76, 80
Seaconsar v Bank Markazi [1994] 1
AC 438, HL 68
Selco v Mercier 1996 SLT 1247
232
Senator Hanseatische
Verwaltungsgesellschaft, Re

[1996] 4 All ER 933, CA;
affirming [1996] 2 BCLC 562
23
Sennar, The [1985] 1 WLR 490, HL
165
Sepracor v Hoechst [1999] FSR 746
144
Shah v Barnet LBC [1983] 2 AC
309, HL 61, 401, 402
Shamil Bank of Bahrain v Beximco
Pharmaceuticals [2004] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 1, CA 275, 278
Shell v Coral Oil [1999] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 72 192, 311
Shierson v Vlieland-Boddy [2004]
EWHC 2752 445, 451
Showlag v Mansour [1995] 1 AC
431, PC 236
Siboti v BP France [2003] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 364 158
Sidmetal v Titan [1966] 1 QB 828
218
Sinfra v Sinfra [1939] 2 All ER 675
299
Singh v Rajah of Faridkote [1894]
AC 670 218
Sinochem v Mobil [2000] 1 Lloyd’s
Rep 670 169, 171, 172
Siskina, The [1979] AC 210 202

Smith, Re [1916] 2 Ch 206 289
Society of Lloyd’s v Fraser [1999]
Lloyd’s Rep IR 156, CA 307
Society of Lloyd’s v White [2002]
ILPr 10 307
Solani Bank v Bank Austria, 15
January 1997 (unreported), CA
57
Sony Computer Entertainment Inc v
Ball [2004] EWHC 1738 143
Source v TUV Rheinland Holding
[1998] QB 54, CA 77, 89, 90
South African Breweries Ltd v King
[1900] 1 Ch 273 294
Speed Investments Ltd v Formula
One Holdings Ltd [2005] 1
BCLC 455, CA 141, 185
Spilada, The [1987] 1 AC 460 49,
53
Spurrier v La Cloche [1902] AC 445
279
Standard Steamship Owners’
Protection and Indemnity
Association (Bermuda) Ltd v GIE
Vision Bail [2004] EWHC 2919
121, 157, 160
Stolt Marmaro, The [1985] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 428 276
Sulaiman v Juffali [2002] 1 FLR 479
392

Surzur v Koros [1999] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 611, CA 69
Swithenbank Foods Ltd v Bowers
[2002] 2 All ER (Comm) 974
129
Syal v Heyward [1948] 2 KB 443
216
TSN v Jurgens [2002] 1 WLR 2459,
CA; affirming [2001] WL 606474
233, 245
TXU Europe German Finance BV,
Re [2005] BPIR 209 441


Table of cases

Tavoulareas v Tsavliris [2004]
EWCA Civ 48, CA 184
Thurston v Thurston, 28 October
1997 (unreported), CA 433
Tiernan v Magen Insurance [2000]
ILPr 517 280
Tjaskemolen (No 2) [1997] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 476 208, 210
Toepfer v Cargill [1997] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 98 33, 35, 186, 192
Toepfer v Molino Boschi [1996] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 510 35, 186
Tonicstar v American Home
Assurance [2004] EWHC 1234

280, 285
Toprak v Finagrain [1979] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 98 307
Torni, The [1932] P 78 269
Trade Indemnity v
Forsakringsaktiebolaget Njord
[1995] 1 All ER 796 73
Travelers Casualty v Sun Life
[2004] EWHC 1704, [2004]
Lloyd’s Rep IR 846 51, 324
Trendtex v Crédit Suisse [1982] AC
679 295
Trepca Mines, Re [1960] 1 WLR
1273 218
Trepca Mines, Re [1963] Ch 199
309
Trustor v Barclays Bank [2000] WL
1675230; Times, 22 November
2000 191
Turnbull v Walker (1892) 67 LT 767
218
Turner v Grovit [1999] 1 WLR 794,
CA 183, 193–5, 226
Tyburn Productions v Conan Doyle
[1991] Ch 75 143
UBS v Omni Holding [2000] 1
WLR 916 30
Ultisol v Bouygues [1996] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 140 192, 195

xxiii

Union de Crédit pour le Bâtiment,
Re, 22 January 1999
(unreported), CA 112, 135
Union Transport v Continental Lines
[1992] 1 WLR 15, HL; affirming
[1991] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 48, CA
74, 76, 294
United City Merchants v Royal
Bank of Canada [1983] 1 AC 168
270
United Railways of Havana, Re
[1961] AC 1007; [1960] Ch 52,
CA 271, 278, 284
V, Re [1995] 2 FLR 992 401
V v B [1991] 1 FLR 266 402
Vadala v Lawes (1890) 25 QBD 310
216
Vale do Rio doce Navegacao v
Shanghai Bao Steel [2000] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 1 33
Vervaeke v Smith [1983] 1 AC 145
235
Viditz v O’Hagan [1900] 2 Ch 87
298
Virgin Aviation v CAD Aviation
[1991] ILPr 79 190
Viskase v Paul Kiefal [1999] 3 All
ER 362, CA 75

Vita Food Products v Unus Shipping
[1939] AC 277 269, 272, 274,
294
Volvox Hollandia, The [1988] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 361, CA 105
Von Mitchke-Collande v Kramer
[2005] EWHC 977 208, 246
W, Re [1995] 1 FLR 878 419
Wahda Bank v Arab Bank [1996] 1
Lloyd’s Rep 470, CA 281
Waterford Wedgwood v Nagli
[1999] ILPr 9 110
Watson v First Choice Holidays
[2001] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 339, CA
109


xxiv

Table of cases

Welex v Rosa Maritime [2003] 2
Lloyd’s Rep 509, CA; affirming
[2002] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 701 295
Wermuth v Wermuth [2003] 1 WLR
942, CA 200, 433
Westacre Investments v Jugoimport
[2000] 1 QB 288, CA; [1998] 4
All ER 570 167, 217, 228
Wilson Smithett & Cope v Terruzzi

[1976] QB 683 270
Wood v Wood [1957] P 254 235
Xin Yang, The [1996] 2 Lloyd’s Rep
217 57, 58
Xing Su Hai, The [1995] 2 Lloyd’s
Rep 15 108, 109, 203
Z v Z [1992] 2 FLR 365, CA 401
Zivnostenska Bank v Frankman
[1950] AC 57 284, 294
Zucker v Tyndall Holdings [1992] 1
WLR 1127, CA 202

EUROPEAN COURT OF
JUSTICE
AS-Autoteile Service v Mahle
220/84 [1985] ECR 2267 154
Anterist v Crédit Lyonnais 22/85
[1986] ECR 1951 169, 170
Arblade C-369 and C-376/96 [1999]
ECR I-8453 359
Arcado v Haviland 9/87 [1988] ECR
1539 70
Baten C-271/00 [2002] ECR I-10489
433
Bavaria Fluggesellschaft Schwabe v
Eurocontrol 9–10/77 [1977] ECR
1517 22
Benincasa v Dentalkit C-269/95
[1997] ECR I-3767 122, 167
Berghoefer v ASA 221/84 [1985]

ECR 2699 158

Bertrand v Ott 150/77 [1978] ECR
1431 122
Besix v WABAG C-256/00 [2002]
ECR I-1699 75, 80, 83
Bier v Mines de Potasse d’Alsace
21/76 [1976] ECR 1735 90, 94
Blanckaert & Willems v Trost
139/80 [1981] ECR 819 100
Brenner v Dean Witter Reynolds C318/93 [1994] ECR I-4275 113,
173
Brennero v Wendel 258/83 [1984]
ECR 3971 247, 248
CHW v GJH 25/81 [1982] ECR
1189 25, 26, 174, 198, 397,
431
Capelloni v Pelkmans 119/84 [1985]
ECR 3147 238, 242, 243, 249
Carron v Germany 198/85 [1986]
ECR 2437 240
Castelletti v Trumpy C-159/97
[1999] ECR I-1597 160–63,
166, 167, 169
Commission v Spain C-70/03 [2004]
ECR I-7999 317
Coreck Maritime v Handelsvreem C387/98 [2000] ECR I-9337 54,
136, 162, 167, 172
Coursier v Fortis Bank C-267/97
[1999] ECR I-2543 28, 214

Custom Made v Stawa C-288/92
[1994] ECR I-2913 74, 75, 83,
161, 163
Danmarks Rederiforening, acting on
behalf of DFDS Torline v LO
Landsorganisationen i Sverige,
acting on behalf of SEKO Sjöfolk
Facket för Service och
Kommunikation C-18/02 [2004]
ECR I-1417 17, 90, 92, 335
Dansommer v Götz C-8/98 [2000]
ECR I-111 137–9