Appendix A Conversion Factors and Equivalents

Appendix A: Conversion Factors and Equivalents

Temperature

Inches to Millimeters

Ounces to Grams

Pounds to
Kilograms

F = (°C × 9/ 5) + 32
C = (°F -32) × 5 /9

in = mm × 0.03937
mm = in × 25.4

oz = gm × 0.0352739
gm = oz × 28.349527

lbs = kg × 2.205
kg = lbs × 0.454

°F

mm

oz

grams

lbs

kg

-18

1

0.3969

1

28.35

1

0.454

+14

-10

1

0.794

2

56.7

3

1.36

23

-5

1

/ 16

1.5875

3

85.05

5

2.3

26.6

-3

1

/8

3.175

4

113.4

7

3.18

28.4

-2

1

/4

6.35

5

141.75

9

4.08

30.2

-1

1

12.7

6

170.1

20

9.07

32.0

0

3

19.05

7

198.45

40

18.14

33.8

+1

1

25.4

8

226.8

60

27.21

35.6

2

2

50.8

9

255.15

80

36.28

37.4

3

3

76.2

10

283.5

41.0

5

4

101.6

16

453.6

50.0

10

5

127.0

32

907.18

68.0

20

86.0

30

122.0

50

From

To

212.0

100

lbs/ft 2

kg/m2

4.88241

257.0

125

lbs/in2 (psi)

kg/cm 2

0.070307

302.0

150

gallons (gal)

liters (l)

3.78533

347.0

175

gal/min

l/sec

0.063088

392.0

200

miles

km

1.609

437.0

225

482.0

250

milli

meters

deka

527.0

275

centi

liters

grams

572.0

300

deci

kilo

hecto

-0.4

°C

in
/ 64
/ 32

/2
/4

Conversion Factors

© Plastics Design Library

Multiply by

Metric Units

Appendix A: Conversion Factors and Equivalents


Appendix B: Abbreviations, Acronyms,
and Material Names
B.1

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Table B.1. Abbreviations and Acronyms Listed Alphabetically with Commonly Used Names

Abbreviations

Names

Abbreviations

Names

AA

Acetic Aldehyde

CAE

Computer-aided engineering

ABA

Acrylonitrile-butadieneacrylate

CAN

Cellulose acetate nitrate

CAP

Cellulose acetate propionate

ABS

Acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene

CF

Cresol-formaldehyde

AC

Acetate

CFC

Chlorofluorocarbon

ACM

Acrylate rubber

CM

Chloro-polyethylene

CMC

Carboxymethyl cellulose

ACPES

Acrylonitrile-chlorinated
polyethylene-styrene

CN

Cellulose nitrate (celluloid)

ADC

Allyl diglycol carbonate

COPE

Copolyester elastomer

AEC

Acrylonitrile ethylene styrene

CP

Cellulose propionate

AGE

Allylglycidylether

CPE

Chlorinated polyethylene

AMMA

Acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate

CPET

Crystalline polyethylene
terephthalate

AMS

Alpha methyl styrene

CPVC

AN

Acrylonitrile

Chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride

APET

Amorphous polyethylene
terephthalate

CR

Chloroprene rubber or
neoprene rubber

ASA

Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile

CS

Casein

ASTM

American Society for Testing

Materials

CSPE

Chlorosulfonated
polyethylene

AZ

Azodicarbonamide

CTA

Cellulose triacetate

BA

Butyl acrylate

CTE

Coefficient of thermal
expansion

BBP

Benzyl butyl phthalate

CTFE

Chlorotrifluoroethylene

BO

Biaxially oriented

DAC

Diallyl chlorendate

BOPP

Bioriented polypropylene

DAF

Diallyl fumarate

BR

Butadiene rubber

DAIP

Diallyl isophthalate

BS

Butadiene styrene

DAM

Diallyl maleate

Buna

Polybutadiene

DAMP

Diallyl metaphthalate

CA

Cellulose acetate

DAOP

Diallyl orthophthalate

CAA

Computer-aided analysis

DAP

Diallyl phthalate

CAB

Cellulose acetate butyrate

DEP

Diethyl phthalate

CAD

Computer-aided design

© Plastics Design Library

(Cont’d.)
Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms


224
Table B.1. (Cont’d.)

Abbreviations
DSC

Names
Differential scanning
calorimetry

Abbreviations

Names

HIPS

High impact polystyrene

HMW

High molecular weight

HMW-HDPE

High molecular-weight, highdensity polyethylene

EA

Ethyl acrylate

EBA

Ethylene butyl acrylate

EC

Ethyl cellulose

H-NBR

Hydrogenated nitrile rubber

ECO

Epichlorhydrin rubber

HPT

Holding-pressure time

ECTFE

Ethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene

IIR

Butyl rubber (isoprene
rubber)

EEA

Ethylene ethyl acrylate

IM

Injection molding

EMA

Ethylene-methyl acrylate

IR

Isoprene rubber (synthetic)

EMAC

Ethylene-methyl acrylate
copolymer

LCM

Liquid composite molding

LCP

Liquid crystal polymer

EPDM

Ethylene-propylene-diene
terpolymer

LIM

Liquid injection molding

EPR

Ethylene-propylene rubber

LLDPE

Linear low density

polyethylene

EPS

Expandable (or expanded)
polystyrene

LMC

EPT

Ethylene-propylene
terpolymer

Low pressure molding
compound or low molecular
weight

LPE

Linear polyethylene

ETFE

Ethylenetetrafluoroethylene

EVA

Ethylene-vinyl acetate

LPIM

Low pressure injection
molding

EVAL

Ethylene-vinyl alcohol

LSR

Liquid silicone rubber

EVE

Ethylene-vinyl ether

LWP

Lost wax process

FC

Fluorocarbon

MA

Maleic anhydride

FEA

Finite element analysis

MABS

Methylmethacrylate ABS

FEP

Fluoronated ethylene
propylene

MAN

Methyl acrylonitrile

FF

Furan-formaldehyde

MBS

Methacrylate-butadienestyrene

FPVC

Flexible polyvinyl chloride

MC

Methyl cellulose

GMTP

Glass mat reinforced
thermoplastic

MCO

Moldability and cost
optimization

GPPS

General purpose polystyrene

MDA

Methylene dianiline

GR-1

Butyl rubber

MDPE

Medium density polyethylene

GR-N

Nitrile rubber

MEK

Methyl ethyl ketone (solvent)

GRP

Glass reinforced plastic

MEKP

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

GR-S

Styrene butadiene rubber

MF

Melamine formaldehyde

HCFC

Hydrochlorofluorocarbon

MI

Melt index

HDPE

High density polyethylene
(Cont’d.)

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

© Plastics Design Library


225
Table B.1. (Cont’d.)

Abbreviations

Names

Abbreviations

Names

PBR

Polybutadiene-vinyl
pyridene

Medium molecular weight

PBS

Polybutadiene-styrene

MPDA

M-phenylene diamine

PBT

Polybutadiene-terephthalate

Melamine phenol
formaldehyde

PBZ

Polybenzobisoxazole

MPF

PC

Polycarbonate

MPPO

Modified PPO

PCA

Polycarbonate-acrylic

MQ

Dimethylsilicone elastomer

PCDP

Polydicyclopentadiene

NBR

Nitrile butadiene rubber,
nitrile rubber, or GR-1

PC/PBT

Polycarbonate/polybutylene
terephthalate

NC

Nitrocellulose

PCT

NCR

Acrylonitrile chloroprene
nitrate

Polycyclohexylene
dimethylene-terephthalate

PCTFE

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene

NIR

Acrylonitrile isoprene rubber

PE

Polyethylene

NR

Natural rubber (polyisoprene)

PEA

Poly(ethyl acrylate)

NSR

Nitrile-silicone rubber

PEBA

Polyether block amide

OPP

Oriented polypropylene

PEC

OPR

Propylene oxide rubber

Polyphenylene ether
copolymer

OPS

Oriented polystyrene

PEEK

Polyetheretherketone

Olefin-modified styreneacrylonitrile

PEI

Polyetherimide

OSA

PEK

Polyetherketone

P

Phenyl

PEKEKK

PA

Polyamide (nylon)

Polyetherketoneetherketoneketone

PAA

Polyacrylic acid

PEKK

Polyetherketoneketone

PAE

Polyarylether

PEN

Polyethylene naphthalate

PAEK

Polyaryletherketone

PEO

Polyethylene oxide

Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon

PEP

Polyethylene polymer

PAH

PEPA

Polyether-polyamide

PAI

Polyamide-imide

PES

Polyethersulfone

PAK

Polyester alkyd

PET

Polyethylene-terephthalate

PAMS

Polyalpha-methylstyrene

PETG

PAN

Polyacrylonitrile

Polyethylene-terephthalate
glycol

PAR

Polyarylate

PF

PAS

Polyarylsulfone

Phenol formaldehyde
(phenolic)

PB

Polybutylene

PFA

Perfluoroalkoxy

PBAN

Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile

PFF

Phenol furfural

PBI

Polybenzimidazole

PI

Polyimide or isoprene rubber

PIB

Polyisobutylene

MIM

Metal injection molding

MMA

Methyl methacrylate

MMW

(Cont’d.)
© Plastics Design Library

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms


226
Table B.1. (Cont’d.)

Abbreviations

Names

Abbreviations

Names

PIR

Polyisocyanurate

PVDF

Polyvinylidene fluoride

PMA

Polymethyl acrylate

PVDM

Polyvinyl fluoride

PMCA

Polymethyl-n-chloroacrylate

PVFM

Polyvinyl formal

PMI

Polymethacrylimide

PVIE

Polyvinyl isobutyl ether

PMMA

Polymethyl methacrylate
(acrylic or plexiglass)

PVK

Polyvinyl carbozole

PVP

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

PMP

Polymethyl pentene

PVT

Pressure-volume-temperature

PMQ

Phenylsilicone elastomer

RIM

Reaction injection molding

PMS

Paramethyl styrene

RMPS

Rubber modified polystyrene

PO

Polyolefin

RP

Reinforced plastic

POM

Polyoxymethylene (acetal)

RPBT

Reinforced PBT

POP

Polyoxypropylene

RPVC

Rigid PVC

PP

Polypropylene

SAN

Styrene-acrylonitrile

PPA

Polyphthalamide

SB

Styrene-butadiene

PPE

Polyphenylene ether

SBR

Styrene-butadiene rubber

PPE/PPO

Polyphenylene ether /

polyphenylene oxide

SBS

Styrene-butadiene-styrene

PPMS

Polypara-methylstyrene

SCR

Styrene chloroprene rubber

PPO

Polyphenylene oxide

S-EPDM

Sulfonated-EPDM

PPOX

Polypropylene oxide

SFT

Screw-forward time

PPS

Polyphenylene sulfide

SIR

Silicone isoprene rubber

PPSS

Polyphenylene sulfide sulfone

SIS

Styrene-isoprene-styrene

PPSU

Polyphenylene sulfone

SLA

Stereolithography

PPT

Polypropylene-terephthalate

SMA

Styrene maleic anhydride

PS

Polystyrene

S/MMA

Styrene/methyl methacrylate

SMS

Styrene methylstyrene

PSB

Polystyrene butadiene rubber
(GR-S, SBR)

SPE

Society of Plastics Engineers

PSU

Polysulfone

SPI

PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene

Society of the Plastics
Industry

PTMG

Polytetramethylene glycol

SR

Polysulfide rubber

PUR

Polyurethane

SR

Synthetic rubber

PVAC

Polyvinyl acetate

SRP

Styrene-rubber plastic

PVAL

Polyvinyl alcohol

STL

File format used for
stereolithography models

PVB

Polyvinyl butyral

TAC

Triallyl cyanurate

PVCA

Polyvinyl chloride acetate

TCE

Trichloroethylene

PVC

Polyvinyl chloride

TFE

Tetrafluoroethylene

PVDC

Polyvinylidene chloride

TPA

Terephthalic acid
(Cont’d.)

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

© Plastics Design Library


227
Table B.1. (Cont’d.)

Abbreviations

Names

Abbreviations

Names

TPI

Thermoplastic polyimide

V

Vinyl

TPO

Thermoplastic polyolefin

VA

Vinyl acetate

TPP

Triphenyl phosphate

VAE

Vinyl acetate ethylene

TPS

Toughened polystyrene

VC/E

Vinyl chloride/ethylene

TPU

Thermoplastic
polyurethane

VCM

Vinyl chloride monomer

VC/MA

Vinyl chloride/methylacrylate

TPV

Thermoplastic vulcanizate

VD

Vinylidene

TPX

Polymethylpentene

VDC

Vinylidene chloride

TSSC

Toluenesulfonyl
semicarbazide

VLDPE

Very low density
polyethylene

UF

Urea formaldehyde

VMQ

Vinylsilicone elastomer

UHMWPE

Ultra high molecular weight
polyethylene

VP

Virgin plastic

Ultra low density
polyethylene

VPE

Vulcanized polyethylene

ULDPE

VT

Vinyl toluene

UP

Unsaturated polyester

XLPE

Cross linked polyethylene

UPVC

Unplasticized PVC

XMC

UR

Urethane

Extra high strength molding
compound

XPS

Expandable polystyrene

© Plastics Design Library

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms


228

B.2

Material Names

Although standards and recommendations exist for polymer abbreviations and names, they are widely disregarded. Names in particular are subject to considerable variation. For example, you may see polymethylmethacrylate
rendered as polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl-methacrylate, poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl-methacrylate). Table B.2.1 offers the most commonly-used forms regardless of standard, and
provide alternatives only where these are more than variants in orthography.

Table B.2. Amorphous and Semicrystalline Thermoplastics Listed by Polymer Name

Common Name

Abbreviation

Alternative Name(s)

Form

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

ABS

Acrylonitrile Chlorinated
Polyethylene Styrene

ACS

Acrylonitrile Styrene Chlorinated
Polyethylene

Amorphous

Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate

ASA

Acrylate Styrene Acrylonitrile,
Polyacrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile

Amorphous

Cellulose Acetate

CA

Cellulose Diacetate, Cellulose
Ethanoate

Amorphous

Cellulose Acetate Butyrate

CAB

Cellulose Acetobutyrate,
Cellulose Ethanoate Butanoate

Amorphous

Cellulose Acetate Propionate

CAP

Cellulose Acetopropionate,
Cellulose Propionate, Cellulose
Propanoate

Amorphous

Cellulose Nitrate

CN

Amorphous

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

CPVC

Amorphous

Chlorortrifluoroethylene

CTFE

Semicrystalline

Cyclic Olefin Copolymer

COC

Ethyl Cellulose

EC

Amorphous

Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene

ECTFE

Semicrystalline

Ethylene Ethyl Acrylate

EEA

Semicrystalline

Ethylene Propylene Copolymer

EPM

Semicrystalline

Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene

ETFE

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate

EVA

Semicrystalline

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

EVAC

Semicrystalline

Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol

EVAL

Semicrystalline

Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol

EVOH

Semicrystalline

Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene

FEP

Ionomer

ION

Perfluoroalkoxyethylene

PFA

Polyacrylonitrile

PAN

Polyamide

PA

Polyamide Imide

PAI

Amorphous

Cyclic Olefinic Copolymer

Amorphous

Polyethylene Tetrafluoroethylene

Perfluoroethylene Propylene

Semicrystalline

Semicrystalline
Semicrystalline

Perfluoroalkoxyalkane

Semicrystalline
Semicrystalline

Nylon

Semicrystalline
Amorphous
(Cont’d.)

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

© Plastics Design Library


229

Table B.2. (Cont’d.)

Common Name

Abbreviation

Alternative Name(s)

Form

Polyamide/ABS

PA/ABS

Nylon/ABS

Amorphous

Polyarylamide

PARA

Semicrystalline

Polyarylate

PAR

Amorphous

Polyaryletherketone

PAEK

Polyarylsulfone

PAS

Amorphous

Polyarylsulfone

PASU

Amorphous

Polybutylene

PB

Semicrystalline

Polybutylene Terephthalate

PBT

Semicrystalline

Polycarbonate

PC

Amorphous

Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene

PC/ABS

Amorphous

Polycarbonate/Polybutylene
Terephthalate

PC/PBT

Amorphous

Polychlorortrifluoroethylene

PCTFE

Semicrystalline

Polycyclohexylenedimethylene
Terephthalate Glycol-modfied

PCTG

Semicrystalline

Polyetheretherketone

PEEK

Semicrystalline

Polyetherimide

PEI

Amorphous

Polyetherketone

PEK

Semicrystalline

Polyetherketoneketone

PEKK

Semicrystalline

Polyethersulfone

PESU

Amorphous

Polyethersulfone

PES

Amorphous

Polyethylene

PE

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Cross-linked

XLPE

Cross-linked Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Cross-linked

PEX

Cross-linked Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene High Density

HDPE

High Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene High Density

PE-HD

High Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Linear Low Density

PE-LLD

Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Linear Low Density

LLDPE

Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Linear Medium Density

LMDPE

Linear Medium Density
Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Low Density

LDPE

Polyethylene Low Density

PE-LD

Low Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Medium Density

PE-MD

Medium Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Medium Density

MDPE

Medium Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Oxide

PEO

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Oxide

PEOX

Semicrystalline

Polyarylether

Semicrystalline

Semicrystalline

(Cont’d.)
© Plastics Design Library

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

230
Table B.2. (Cont’d.)

Common Name

Abbreviation

Alternative Name(s)

Form

Polyethylene Terephthalate

PET

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycolmodified

PETG

Amorphous

Polyethylene Ultra High Molecular
Weight

PE-UHMW

Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Ultra High Molecular
Weight

UHMWPE

Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polyethylene Ultra Low Density

ULDPE

Ultra Low Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline

Polymethylmethacrylate

PMMA

Polymethylpentene

PMP

TPX

Semicrystalline

Polyoxymethylene

POM

Acetal, Polyacetal,
Polyformaldehyde

Semicrystalline

Polyphenylene Ether

PPE

Amorphous

Polyphenylene Oxide

PPO

Amorphous

Polyphenylene Oxide/Polyamide

PPO/PA

Polyphenylene Sulfide

PPS

Semicrystalline

Polyphenylsulfone

PPSU

Amorphous

Polypropylene

PP

Semicrystalline

Polystyrene

PS

Amorphous

Polystyrene High Impact

HIPS

High Impact Polystyrene

Amorphous

Polystyrene Syndiotactic

SPS

Syndiotactic Polystyrene

Semicrystalline

Polysulfone

PSUL

Amorphous

Polysulfone

PSU

Amorphous

Polytetrafluoroethylene

PTFE

Semicrystalline

Polyurethene Linear

PUR

Polyvinyl Alcohol

PVAL

Semicrystalline

Polyvinyl Alcohol

PVOH

Semicrystalline

Polyvinyl Chloride

PVC

Amorphous

Polyvinyl Chloride Chlorinated

PVC-C

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

Amorphous

Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized

PPVC

Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Amorphous

Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized

PVC-P

Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Amorphous

Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized

PVCU

Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Amorphous

Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized

PVC-U

Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Amorphous

Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized

UPVC

Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Amorphous

Polyvinyl Fluoride

PVF

Semicrystalline

Polyvinylidene Chloride

PVDC

Semicrystalline

Polyvinylidene Fluoride

PVDF

Semicrystalline

Amorphous

Polyphenylene Oxide/Nylon

Semicrystalline

Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Semicrystalline

(Cont’d.)
Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

© Plastics Design Library


231
Table B.2 (Cont’d.)

Common Name

Abbreviation

Styrene Acrylonitrile

AS

Amorphous

Styrene Acrylonitrile

SAN

Amorphous

Styrene Butadiene

SB

Amorphous

Styrene Maleic Anhydride

SMA

Amorphous

Styrene Methylmethacrylate

SMMA

Amorphous

Trimethylhexamethylene
Terephthalamaide

TMDT

© Plastics Design Library

Alternative Name(s)

Polyamide Aromatic Transparent

Form

Amorphous

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms