C 34 01 li thuyet ve axit cacboxylic
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TOPPER. Chú ý
1
O
—C—
–
–
O
—C——OH
–
cacbonyl
–.
axit fomic
O
O
H—C—O—
—C—O—H
VD1: CH2=CH–
2
Danh pháp
Axit cacboxylic là nhóm axit
* + "oic"
–
VD2:
butan
4
3
2
1
CH3–CH–CH2–COOH
axit 3–metylbutanoic.
CH3
3–metyl
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HCOOH
CH3COOH
axit fomic
axit axetic
axit metanoic
axit etanoic
CH2=CH–COOH
axit acrylic
axit propenoic
C6H5COOH
axit benzoic
axit benzoic
HOOC–COOH
axit oxalic
1
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1
A) CH3CHO.
C) CH3COOCH3.
B) CH3COOH.
D) CH3CH2OH.
2
không
A) HCOOH.
C) HOOC–COOH.
B) CH3COOH.
D) HO–COOH.
3
không
A) HCOOH.
C) HCOOCH3.
B) CH3COOH.
D) HOOC–COOH.
O
O
4
—C—CH2—C—COOH.
A) HOOC–COOH.
C) HCOO–CH2–COOH.
5
B) HOOC–CH2–COOH.
D) HCOO–CH2–HCOO.
–CH=CH–COOH là
A)
B)
C)
D)
6
COOH là
A)
B)
C)
D)
7
A) CH2=CH–COOH.
B) (COOH)2.
C) HOOC–CH=CH–COOH.
D)
COOH
COOH
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8
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A) CnH2n–2O2.
C) CnH2n–2O4.
B) CnH2n–4O2.
D) CnH2nO4.
A
3H4O3)n.
A) C6H8O6.
C) C12H16O12.
B) C3H4O3.
D) C9H12O9.
B
3H5O2
A) C3H5O2.
C) C6H10O4.
B) C3H10O2.
D) C6H10O2.
TOPPER. Chú ý
,
(2 < n < 7).
C
(a) C4H8O2.
D
(b) C4H6O2.
(c) C5H10O2.
3CH2
A) axit butanoic.
C) axit etanoic.
E
B) axit propanoic.
D) axit pentanoic.
2=CH–COOH
A) axit propenoic.
C) axit acrylic.
là
B) axit oxalic.
D)
F
(a) axit 2–metylbutanoic.
(b) axit 2–metylpropenoic.
G
A) axit fomic.
C) axit oxalic.
B) axit benzoic.
D) axit acrylic.
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2
(2)
TOPPER. Chú ý
O
(1)
—C—
R—C
O—H
R—C
O
R—C
O
O
3
•
•
VD3:
etanal, axit etanoic và axit propanoic.
3COOH < CH3CH2COOH
axit etanoic
axit propanoic
C2H6 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH < CH3CH2COOH.
H
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A) CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH.
B) CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH.
C) C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH.
D) C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
4
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I
A) CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO.
B) CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.
C) CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D) HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
J
A) T, Z, Y, X.
C) T, X, Y, Z.
B) Z, T, Y, X.
D) Y, T, X, Z.
K
A)
B)
C)
D)
L
3COOH (1); CH3CH2CH2OH (2); CH3CH2OH (3);
CH3CH2COOH (4); CH3COCH3
A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4.
C) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5.
TOPPER. Chú ý
H2
ancol C2H5
các axit cacboxylic.
B) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1.
D) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5.
M
A) H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, C2H2.
B) C2H2, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O.
C) H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H2.
C) CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH, C2H2.
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3
+
VD4: CH3COOH
CH3COO + H+.
—
—O—
này là H2O)
X là nguyên
O
—C— >
X là nguyên
ANCOL < H2O < HCO3 < PHENOL < H2CO3
KHÔNG
VD5:
2CO3
> phenol
CO2 + H2O + C6H5ONa
C6H5ONa + NaHCO3
H2CO3
N
A) H2O, C6H5OH, CH3COOH.
B) CH3COOH, C6H5OH, H2O.
C) C6H5OH, H2O, CH3COOH.
D) CH3COOH, H2O, C6H5OH.
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O
2H5OH
(Y); CH3COOH (Z); C6H5OH (T). Dãy
A) T, Y, X, Z.
C) Y, T, Z, X.
B) X, Z, T, Y.
D) Y, T, X, Z.
P Cho các axit
CH3COOH
Cl3C–COOH Cl2CH–COOH ClCH2COOH
A) X, Y, Z, T.
C) Y, Z, T, X.
B) X, T, Z, Y.
D) Y, T, Z, X.
A) axit 2–clobutanoic.
C) axit 4–clobutanoic.
B) axit 3–clobutanoic.
D) axit butanoic.
Q
TOPPER. Chú ý
2
bão hòa chính
là H2CO3
R
2
axetic là
A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 4.
bão
D) 5.
S
A)
B)
C)
D)
T
6H5ONa)
có pH > 7.
không
A) C6H5OH + Na2CO3
C6H5ONa + NaHCO3.
B) 2CH3COONa + H2SO4
2CH3COOH + Na2SO4.
C) CH3OH + NaOH
CH3ONa + H2O.
D) CH3COOH + NaHCO3
CH3COONa + H2O + CO2.
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Câu
1
B
Câu
G
C
2
D
H
D
3
C
I
B
4
B
J
A
5
B
K
C
6
D
L
A
7
B
M
A
N
A
8
9
C
O
C
A
A
P
B
B
C
Q
A
R
C
C
D
B
S
E
D
D
T
C
F
8
(a) CnH2nO2 (n 1).
(c) CnH2n–2O4 (n 2).
C
(a) C – C – C – COOH
(b) CnH2n–2O2 (n
(d) CnH2n–4O4 (n
C–C–C
COOH
(b) C = C – C – COOH
C=C–C
(c) C – C – C – C – COOH
COOH
C–C–C–C
C – C = C – COOH
COOH
C – C – C – COOH
C
2).
4).
COOH
C–C–C
C
F
(a) CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH.
(b) CH2=C(CH3)COOH.
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