C 35 01 li thuyet ve este

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1
–
—C—OR',
O
VD1: CH3COOCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3OCO–COOCH3.
RCOOR'

O
R—C—O—R'

RCOOH + R'OH ↽

H ,to

⇀ RCOOR' + H2O

(1) Este no.
(2) Este không no.
•
•
•

VD2:
nH2nO2.

1
A) CH3COOH.
C) HCOOCH3.

B) CH2(COOH)2.
D) CH2=CH–CH2OH.

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2
A) HCOOH.
C) (COOCH3)2.
3

B) (COOH)2.
D) HCOOC2H5.
không

A) CH3COOCH2CH3.
C) HCOOCH3.
4

B) CH3COCH3.
D) C6H5COOCH3.
không

A) CH3OOCCH3.
C) HOOCCH3.

B) HCOOCH3.
D) CH2=CHCOOCH3.
O

5

O

3–C–O–CH2CH2–O–C–CH3

A) CH3COOCH2OOCCH3.
C) CH3COOCH2COCH3.

là
B) CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3.
D) CH3COOCH2CH2COCH3.
O

6

3–O–C–C2H5

A) CH3OCOC2H5.
C) C2H5COOCH3.

B) CH3OOCC2H5.
D)

A) CH3COOCH3.
C) (COOCH3)2.

B) (COOH)2.
D) (CH2CHO)2.

7

8

2=CHCOOCH3

A)
B)
C)
D)
3OOC–COOCH3

là este

A)
B)
C)
D)

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A

3COO–CH2CH2–OCOCH3

A)
B)
C)
D)
B
A) CnH2nO2 (n 2).
C) CnH2n–2O2 (n 3).

B) CnH2nO (n
D) CnH2n+2O2 (n

A) CnH2n–2O2 (n
C) CnH2n–2O4 (n

B) CnH2n–4O4 (n 2).
D) CnH2nO4 (n 3)

1).

C
2).
4).

D
A)
B)

C)
D)
E

4H8O2

A) 5.

B) 2.

C) 4.

F
TOPPER. Chú ý

là

D) 6.
5H10O2

A) 4.

B) 6.

C) 8.

là
D) 9.

A) 2.

B) 3.

C) 4.

D) 8.

A) 5.

B) 2.

C) 4.

D) 6.

G

H

I
2

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A) HCOOC2H5 và CH3COOCH3.
B) C2H3COOC2H5 và C2H5COOC2H5.
C) C2H5COOCH3 và HCOOCH(CH3)2.
D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 và CH3COOC2H5.
3

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2

Danh pháp

RCOOH

RCOO + H+

VD3: Ion CH3COO là fomat; ion CH2=CHCOO là acrylat.

VD4: CH3COO—CH3
axetat

metyl axetat.

metyl

HCOO—CH=CH2
fomat

vinyl fomat.

vinyl

J

là

A) fomic.
C) benzoat.

K

B) axetat.
D) fomat.
6H5COO

là

A) benzoic.
C) benzoat.
TOPPER. Chú ý

B) stiren.
D) axetat.

L

CH2=C(CH3)-COOH là axit
metacrylic.

2=C(CH3)COO

là
B) benzoat.
D) metacrylat.

A) acrylat.

C) fomat.
M
(a) HCOOCH3.
(c) CH2=C(CH3)COOC2H5.
(e) C6H5COOCH3.

2=CH-CH2-

(b) CH2=CHCOOCH3.
(d) CH3COOCH=CH2.
(f) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.

là anlyl

6H 56H5CH2-

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N

3OCO–COOCH3

A)
C)
O
(a) etyl fomat.
(c) phenyl axetat.
(e) benzyl acrylat.

là

B)
D)

(b) vinyl axetat.
(d) anlyl axetat.
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3

ancol, phenol, axit cacboxylic.

—
TOPPER. Chú ý
•

RCOOR' + H2O ↽

•

RCOOR' + NaOH

H ,to

⇀ RCOOH + R'OH.
to

RCOONa + R'OH.

4

O
LiAlH4

R—C—O—R'

và ancol.

VD5: CH3COOCH3

LiAlH4
to

CH3CH2OH + CH3OH.

P
H ,to
⇀
(a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ↽
to
(b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
(c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
to
(d) (COOCH3)2 + NaOH
to
(e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + NaOH
Q
(a)

RCH2OH + R'OH.

to

to

O
CH2–O–C–CH3
+

H2 O ↽

H ,to

⇀

CH2–O–C–CH=CH2
O
(b)

O
O
CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH

to

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5

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3

Nhóm –COOH

2O

CO2

H2
Không

Nhóm –COO–

Không

R
4H8O2

ancol là
A) 2.

B) 3.

C) 6.

D) 4.

B) 2.

C) 4.

D) 1.

S
C4H8O2
A) 3.
T
2H4O2

A) 2.

3

B) 5.

C) 4.

U

D) 3.
4H8O2

A) 2.

B) 3.

C) 4.

D) 5.

V
X (C5H10O2) + NaOH
Y + HCl
T
T + Ag2O/NH3
Z

H2SO4 (®Æc)
180 oC

to

(NH4)2CO3 + Ag.
but–2–en + H2O.

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•

H ,to

2O

↽

⇀ Axit + Ancol

A là ancol, B là axit.
•

axit không
3OH

+ CO

W

xt
to

CH3COOH.

4H8O2

A) metanol.
C) axit fomic.

B) etyl axetat.
D) etanol.

X

X và Y (MX < MY
A) metyl propionat.
C) etyl axetat.
Y

B) metyl axetat.
D) vinyl axetat.
6H10O4

A) CH3OCO–CH2–COOC2H5.
B) C2H5OCO–COOCH3.
C) CH3OCO–COOCH3.
D) CH3OCO–CH2CH2–COOC2H5.

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TOPPER. Chú ý
VD6: CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH
CH2=CH ↽ ⇀ CH3CH=O

CH3COONa + CH2=CH–OH

H—O

Z

(a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
(b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH
(c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH
(d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH
a Cho các este sau: etyl fomat (1); vinyl axetat (2); metyl acrylat (3);
ra ancol là
A) 1, 2, 3.
C) 2, 3, 4.

B) 1, 3, 4.
D) 1, 2, 4.

b
sinh ra ancol là
A) 1.
B) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.

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8


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• TH1:
• TH2:

1).
2)

c

4H6O2

A) 4.

B) 3.

C) 5.

D) 6.

d

4H6O2

A) HCOOCH=CHCH3.
C) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2.

B) HCOOCH2CH=CH2.
D) CH3COOCH=CH2.

e
3

2

3

A) HCOOCH=CH2.
C) HCOOCH3.

B) CH3COOCH=CH2.
D) CH3COOCH=CHCH3.

f
Este X (C4HnO2)
A) CH3COOCH2CH3.
C) CH3COOCH=CH2.

NaOH
to

Y

AgNO3
NH3 ,to

Z

NaOH
to

C2H3O2Na.

ã cho là

B) CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3.

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R'

O

hay RCOOC6H4R'

R—C—O—

•

—O trong este
to

RCOO–C6H4R' + NaOH

RCOONa + R'C6H4OH.

•
R'C6H4OH + NaOH
nNaOH

neste

R'C6H4ONa + H2O.

2

nNaOH
neste

•

2

•
VD7:

CH3COOC6H5 + NaOH
CH3COONa + C6H5OH
C6H5OH + NaOH
C6H5ONa + H2O
CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH

CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O.

g
(a) HCOOC6H5 + NaOH
(b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + NaOH
TOPPER. Chú ý

h

X

NaOH (d−)
to

Y

A) axit axetic, phenol.
B) anhiđrit axetic, phenol.
C) anhiđrit axetic, natri phenolat.
D) axit axetic, natri phenolat.

2O.

i

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Phenyl axetat

9H10O2.

A) CH3COOCH2C6H5.
C) C6H5COOC2H5.

Cho X tác

B) HCOOC6H4C2H5.
D) C2H5COOC6H5.

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j
+H2O/HgSO4, to
(4)

C2H2

H2 /Pd,PbCO3 ,to
(1)

A

H2O/H ,to
(2)

CuO,to
(3)

B

C

Br2 ,H2O
(5)

D

+O2
(6)

NaOH,to
(8)

B+F

E

+B/H+, to
(7)

+NaOH, to
(9)

A–F
k
AgNO3 /NH3 ,to
(2)

B

C
Vinyl axetat

+NaOH, to
(1)
H

( 4)

A
Etyl axetat

C

+NaOH, to
(4)

D

O2 /men giÊm
(5)

C

A – D.
l
A
Vinyl fomat

H
(2)

C

AgNO3 /NH3 ,to
(3)

(NH4)2CO3

+NaOH, to
(1)

B

AgNO3 /NH3 ,to
(3)

D
A – D.

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Câu
1

C

Câu
H

C

Câu
X

A

2

D

I

A

Y

A

3

B

J

D

4

C

K

C

Z
a

B

5

B

L

D

b

D

6

D

M

c

A

7

C

N

d

C

8

B

O

e

B

9

D

P

f

C

A

C

Q

g

D

B

A

R

D

h

C

C

C

S

C

i

D

D

C

T

C

j

E

C

U

A

k

F

D

V

G

C

W

M
(a) metyl fomat.
(c) etyl metacrylat.
(e) metyl benzoat.

B

l
B

(b) metyl acrylat.
(d) vinyl axetat.
(f) anlyl axetat.

O
(a) HCOOC2H5.
(b) CH3COOCH=CH2.
(c) CH3COOC6H5.
(d) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.
(e) CH2=CHCOOCH2C6H5.
P
(a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ↽ H

,to

(b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH

to

⇀ CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COONa + C2H5OH

(c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
(d) (COOCH3)2 + 2NaOH
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to

(e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + 2NaOH

to

CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH

(COONa)2 + 2CH3OH
to

(CH2OH)2 + 2CH3COONa
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Q

O
CH2–O–C–CH3

CH2–OH

(a)

+

2H2O ↽

H ,to

⇀

CH2–O–C–CH=CH2

CH3COOH
+

CH2–OH

CH2=CHCOOH

O

O
O
(b) CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH
to

NaOOC CH=CH COONa + 2CH3OH

V
X = HCOOCH(CH3)CH2CH3
Z = CH3CH2CHOHCH3

Y = HCOONa
T = HCOOH

Z
(a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH
(b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH
HCOONa + CH3CHO
(c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH
HCOONa + CH3CH2CHO
(d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH
HCOONa + (CH3)2CO
g
(a) HCOOC6H5 + 2NaOH
HCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O
(b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + 2NaOH
CH3
3
6H4
j
A: C2H4.
B: C2H5OH.
E: CH3COOC2H5.

(1) C2H2 + H2

Pd/PbCO3 , to

(2) C2H4 + H2O
(3) C2H5OH + CuO
(4) C2H2 + H2O

C: CH3CHO.
F: CH3COONa.

H , to

C2H5OH
t

o

HgSO 4 , to

men giÊm

(7) CH3COOH + C2H5OH
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D: CH3COOH.

C2H4

(5) CH3CHO + Br2 + H2O

(6) C2H5OH + O2

2O

CH3CHO + Cu + H2O
CH3CHO
CH3COOH + HBr
CH3COOH + H2O
H , to

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

CH3COONa + C2H5OH
(8) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
(9) CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa + H2O
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k
A: CH3COONa.
C: CH3COOH.

B: CH3CHO.
D: C2H5OH.

l
A: HCOONa.

C: HCOOH.

B: CH3CHO.
D: CH3COOH.

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