Thuận lợi và bất lợi của du lịch

Thuận lợi (benefi ts of tourism)
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Provides employment opportunities, both skilled and unskilled, because it is a
labor-intensive industry
Generates a supply of needed foreign exchange
Increases incomes
Creates increased gross national product

Can be built on existing infrastructure
Develops an infrastructure that will also help stimulate local commerce and industry
Can be developed with local products and resources
Helps to diversify the economy
Tends to be one of the most compatible economic development activities available
to an area, complementing other economic activities
Spreads development
Has a high multiplier impact
Increases governmental revenues
Broadens educational and cultural horizons and improves feelings of self-worth
Improves the quality of life related to a higher level of income and improved standards of living
Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition
Justifies environmental protection and improvement
Provides employment for artists, musicians, and other performing artists because of visitor
interest in local culture, thereby enhancing the cultural heritage
Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population
Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political
barriers, and religious barriers
Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination
Promotes a global community
Promotes international understanding and peace

Bất lợi (negative aspects of tourism)
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Develops excess demand for resources
Creates the diffi culties of seasonality
Causes infl ation
Can result in unbalanced economic development
Creates social problems
Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution
Degrades the cultural environment
Increases the incidence of crime, prostitution, and gambling
Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes
Threatens family structure
Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts
Creates misunderstanding
Creates confl icts in the host society
Contributes to disease, economic fl uctuation, and transportation problems.


Railroads
Passenger rail service in the United States is dominated by Amtrak and in Canada by
Via Rail. In Europe, Japan, and elsewhere, rail passenger transportation is much more
developed and widespread, offering greater opportunities than in North America.
Railroads hire managers, passenger service representatives, traffic analysts, marketing managers,
sales representatives, reservations clerks, information specialists, conductors,engineers, coach and

lounge car attendants, and station agents.

Rental Car Companies
sector of tourism employs reservation agents, rental sales agents, clerks of various
kinds, service agents, mechanics, and district and regional managers.

Hotels, Motels, and Resorts
regional manager, general manager, resident manager, comptroller, accountants,
management trainees, director of sales, director of convention sales, director of personnel,director
of research, mail clerks, room clerks, reservation clerks, front - offi ce manager,housekeepers,
superintendent of service, bellhops, lobby porters, doormen, maids, chefs,cooks, kitchen helpers,
storeroom employees, dishwashers, waiters, bartenders, apprenticewaiters, heating and air conditioning personnel, maintenance workers, engineers,electricians, plumbers, carpenters,
painters, and laundry workers.


Global Distributions Systems and Online Companies
principal IT strategist, senior software design engineer, network engineer, IT voice
network engineer, director of software development, senior software design engineer,
database developer, senior manager of strategy and marketing, market manager, sales manager,
director of customer care, customer service quality director, customer service representative,
marketing analyst, account manager, global recruiter, art director, fraudanalyst, fi nancial analyst,
customer analyst, merchandising analyst, lodging operations manager, product manager,
corporate counsel, and call center representative.

Travel Agencies
branch manager,commercial account specialists, domestic travel counselors, international travel
counselors, research directors, and advertising managers. Trainee group sales consultants,
accountants, fi le clerks, sales personnel, tour planners, tour guides, reservationists, group
coordinators, trainees, operations employees, administrative assistants, advertising specialists,
and computer specialists are other possibilities.

Tour Companies
Tour manager or escort, tour coordinator, tour planner, publicist, reservations specialist,
accountant, sales representative, group tour specialist, incentive tour coordinator, costing
specialist, hotel coordinator, offi ce supervisor, and managerial positions.

Food Service
Headwaiters, captains, waiters and waitresses, bus persons, chefs, cooks, bartenders, restaurant
managers, assistant managers, personnel directors, dieticians, menu planners, cashiers, food
service supervisors, purchasing agents, butchers, beverage workers, hostesses, kitchen helpers,
and dishwashers.

Tourism Education
Administrators, teachers,
Professors, researchers, and support staff.

Tourism Research
The tourism researcher plans market studies, consumer surveys,
and the implementation of research projects. Research jobs are available in national
tourism offi ces, state/provincial travel offi ces, and private firms.

Travel Communications


A number of opportunities are available in travel writing for editors, staff writers, and
freelance writers. Most major travel fi rms need public relations people who write
and edit, disseminate information, develop communication vehicles, obtain publicity,
arrange special events, do public speaking, plan public relations campaigns, and
so on. A travel photographer could fi nd employment in either public relations or
travel writing. Television is a medium with increasing opportunities. The Internet has

become a major communication medium for the travel industry and provides job
opportunities.

Recreation and Leisure
Jobs in recreation and leisure are enormous. Some examples are activity director,
aquatics specialist, ski instructor, park ranger, naturalist, museum guide, handicapped program
planner, forester, camping director, concert promoter, lifeguards, tennis and
golf instructors, coaches for various athletic teams, and drama directors. Many recreation workers
teach handicrafts. Resorts, parks, and recreation departments often employ recreation directors
who hire specialists to work with senior citizens or youth groups, to serve as camp counselors, or
to teach such skills as boating and sailing. Management, supervisory, and administrative positions
are also available.

Attractions
Attractions such as amusement parks and theme parks are a major source of tourism
employment. Large organizations such as Disney World, Disneyland, Six Flags, Europa - Park,
Tivoli Gardens, and Sea World provide job opportunities ranging from top management jobs to
clerical and maintenance jobs.

Festivals and Events
Festivals and events are one of the fastest - growing segments of the tourism industry.
Event management is emerging as a fi eld, is becoming more professional, and is providing a new
source of job opportunities. Events are creating offi ces and moving them to year - round
operation. The International Special Events Society (ISES) has a career center. Visit
.

Sports Tourism
Sports are popular throughout the world, with many sports teams and enterprises
becoming big businesses and offering job opportunities in the management and marketing areas.

Tourist Offices and Information Centers
Numerous jobs are available in tourist offi ces and information centers. Many chambers of
commerce function as information centers and hire employees to provide this information. Many
states operate welcome centers. Job titles found in state tourism
offi ces are director, assistant director, deputy director, travel representative, economic


development specialist, assistant director for travel promotion, statistical analyst,
public information offi cer, assistant director for public relations, marketing coordinator,
communications specialist, travel editor, media liaison, media specialist, photographer,
administrative assistant, information specialist, media coordinator, manager of travel literature,
writer, chief of news and information, marketing coordinator, market analyst, research analyst,
economist, reference coordinator, secretary, package tour coordinator,and information clerk.

Convention and Visitors Bureaus and Destination
Management Organizations
As more and more cities enter the convention and visitor industry, employment
opportunities in this segment grow. Many cities are devoting public funds to build convention
centers to compete in this growing market. Convention and visitors bureaus
require CEOs, managers, assistant managers, research directors, information specialists,
marketing managers, public relations staff, sales personnel, secretaries, and clerks.

Meeting Planners
A growing profession is meeting planning. Many associations and corporations are
hiring people whose job responsibilities are to arrange, plan, and conduct meetings.

Gaming
One of the fastest - growing sectors is gaming. Today, one is hard - pressed to fi nd a state where
gambling is not allowed or a gaming proposal is not in front of the state legislature. From
riverboats to Indian reservations to land - based casinos, new destinations are being created.

Casinos provide job opportunities ranging from managers to marketers to mechanics to clerical
and maintenance jobs.

Other Opportunities
A fairly comprehensive list of career opportunities has been presented. Others that
do not fi t the general categories listed are club management, entertainment management,
corporate travel departments, hotel representative companies, in - flight and trade magazines, and
trade and professional associations.