Unit 2 và bài tập

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Unit 2
Cultural diversity
GRAMMAR REVISION: Tense revision and Sequence of tenses
A. Tense revision (2)
1. Present perfect continous ( Subject + has/have been + Ving)
 Cách dùng:
a) Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ còn kéo dài đến hiện tại, đặc biệt với ý nhấn mạnh vào
tính liên tục của hành động
Ex :
She has been teaching here for 10 years
b) Diễn tả hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ vừa mới chấm dứt
Ex:

He must be tired. He has been working really hard for the exam
 Sự khác nhau giữa thì hiện tại hoàn thành đơn và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
 Khi nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất của hành động, ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành đơn; khi muốn nhấn
mạnh vào tính liên tục của hành động, ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Ex:

I have watched this movie ( I have finished it)
I have been watching this movie ( I haven't finished it)
 Khi muốn lặp đi lặp lại 1 hành động trong quá khứ, ta nên dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành đơn

Say:
I have visited Paris 3 times
Don't say:
I have been visiting Paris 3 times

 Khi động từ trong câu chỉ trạng thái, cảm giác, sở hữu, quan điểm, ta chỉ dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Say:
I have had this computer for 5 years
Don't say:
I have been having this computer for 5 years
2. Past perfect continous ( Subject + had been + Ving)
 Cách dùng:
a) Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của 1 hành động đã và đang diễn ra và có thể hoàn tất trước 1 hành
động hay 1 thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ.
Ex:

He had been playing the video games for 2 hours when his mother came home
b) Diễn tả 1 hành động hay 1 sự kiện diễn tiến suốt 1 khoảng thời gian dài và chấm dứt trước 1
hành động khác trong quá khứ

Ex:

He had been working for the company for 5 years when he retired
 Sự khác nhau giữa thì quá khứ hoàn thành và thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
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 Khi diễn tả sự kết thúc hay hoàn tất của hành động, ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành đơn
 Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào tính liên tục của hành động, ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Ex:

She had departed when I came to the airport

She had been having dinner when I came
B. Sequence of Tense
1. Present tense in sequence
 Nhìn chung, nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở dạng Present tenses thì động từ trong mệnh đề phụ
có thể là Present tense, Past tense, Future tense
 Ta có 4 dạng Present tense hay sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính là: Simple present, Present continous,
Present perfect, và Present perfect continous.
 Xét các ví dụ sau:
People think that he is very rich
They announce that the museum will close on Monday
I hope he bought the book I told him
She says he has got better in his English
2. Past Tense in Sequence
 Khi động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở dạng Past tenses thì động từ trong mệnh đề phụ phải ở dạng Past
tense
 Ta có 4 dạng past tenses hay sử dụng trong mệnh đề chính là: Simple past, past continous, past
perfect và past perfect continous
 Xét các ví dụ sau:
I thought he passed the exam
We were having dinner when he came
She had already gone to sleep when I came
They had been watching the movie for 1 hour when the light went out
 Các liên từ chỉ thời gian thường hay xuất hiện trong việc hòa hợp các thì sau:
1. Simple present - simple future
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.

Since

After
After she arrives here, she will buy a house
Before
I will finish the report before it gets dark
Until
We will wait until the rain stops
As soon as
He will eat lunch as soon as he comes home
When
When he comes here, I will tell him to call you
Present perfect – Simple past
I haven’t visisted my grandparents since I moved to another city last
month
I have played the guitar since I was a high school student

3. Present perfect - Past perfect
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1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

When
Before
By
Until
After

When we arrived, he had left the party
Before the ambulance came, he had died
By the time the boss came, we had finished all the reports
The meeting had finshed until he came
After Nam had graduated, he landed a job as an architect

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Practice test
A. PHONETICS AND VOCABULARY
I.

Choose the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from the others in each group

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
II.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
III.

A. crooked
B. cracked
C. kicked
D. worked
A. stopped
B. laughed
C. missed
D. climbed
A. crossed
B. brushed
C. removed
D. hoped
A. educated
B. cultivated
C. prepared
D. rested
A. required
B. started
C. mended
D. decided
Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the rest

A. inferior
B. reference
C. arrival
D. terrific
A. mechanic
B. optional
C. national
D. definite
A. polite
B. struggle
C. visual
D. physics
A. literature
B. temperature
C. appointment
D. measurement
A. protect
B. passion
C. reward
D. supply
Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence
1. One of the symbol of Vietnamese culture, especially in Mekong Delta, is the ______ leaf
hat that is very popular to the girls here
A. local
B. triangle
C. conical
D. diagonal
2. According to Ms Thanh, the essential feature of their success in their business is the
________ relationship with the other firms
A. built-in

B. built-up
C. close-run
D. close-knit
3. In many parts of our country, many parents still believe in _________ marriage and they
don‟t let their children decide their marriage by themselves
A. contractual
B. approval
C. commercial
D. proposal
4. Many American men agree that wives and husbands should ______ in each other and
share all thoughts
A. share
B. confide
C. rely
D. discuss
5. When I was a little girl, I was always _______ to tell who I was going with and where I
was going to whenever I went out
A. begged
B. obliged
C. insisted
D. convinced
6. My aunt gave up the ambition of being a painter and even more __________ all her life
to the family and her children
A. delivered
B. spread
C. sacrificed
D. sent
7. Nowadays most of young people in both city and countryside __________ the view of
loving after marriage
A. reflect

B. approve
C. protect
D. reject
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8. To make a conical leaft hat, you have to shape 16 or 18 _________ into conical form
before covering it with palm leaves
A. ribs
B. frames
C. robs
D. sticks
9. Recently, the price of everything is going up day afterday. It‟s difficult for us to
________ our living condition in such a situation
A. last
B. protect
C. long
D. maintain
10. To make sure a happy marriage, equal __________ is one of the important things that
you should appreciate
A. partnership
B. mothership
C. leadership
D. membership
B. GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer
21. I __________ send you the package as soon as it ________

A. „ll send/‟ll arrive
B. „d send/ arrived
C. „ll send/ arrives
D. send/ arrives
22. Almost everyone _________ for home by the time we arrived
A. had left
B. has left
C. left
D. would leave
23. “Did you meet Jane here at the univeristy ?”
“ No, we ________ when I started college.”
A. has already met
B. had already met
C. has already been meeting
D. had already been meeting
24. Since 1980, scientists in the world ____ a lot of things to fight AIDS
A. have done
B. did
C. are doing
D. had done
25. Many people _________ of malaria, smallpox before the process of vaccination
_________ in the 19th century
A. had died/was invented
B. died/ was invented
C. died/ has been invented
D. have died/ has been invited
26. _________ to rain before you woke up this morning?
A. Would it begin
B. Did it begin
C. Has it begun

D. Had it begun
27. We had just got out of car when it __________ to set fire
A. had begin
B. began
C. has begun
D. was beginning
28. Since the first English colonists ________ in 1607, the population of the United States
__________ to over 280 million people
A. landed/has grown
B. had landed/ has grown
C. landed/ grew
D. has landed/ has grown
29. When Columbus _________, Indians __________ in the Americas for thousands of years
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A. has arrived/ had lived
B. arrived/ had been living
C. had arrived/ has been living
D. arrived/ had lived
30. After Jolie ________ the Oscar award, she _________ in many films
A. won/ appeared
B. won/ has appeared
C. had won/ appeared
D. had won/ had appeared
31. The children are in the park. They ___________ ball for the last 2 hours, but they don‟t
seem to be tired yet

A. have played
B. have been playing
C. played
D. had been playing
32. Now Julia has a job and is living in Chicago. In the last 6 months, she _______ only 3
letters to her parents
A. has written
B. wrote
C. is writing
D. had written
33. It‟s nice to see you again. What _____ you _________ since we last meet?
A. are......doing
B. had........... done
C. did......do
D. have......been doing
34. Jimmy is a tennis player. This year he is a national champion again. He _________ the
champion four times
A. has been winning
B. has won
C. has won
D. won
35. After Emily ________ enough money for the trip, she ________ an air ticket to Bangkok
and stayed there for 3 days
A. had saved/ bought
B. saved/ bought
C. had/saved
D. has saved/ has bought
36. She was glad that she __________ reservations at the hotel before she left because the
area was very popular
A. has made

B. had been making
C. had made
D. made
37. I ________ bicycles since I was 10 years old
A. collected
B. have been collecting
C. had collected
D. am collecting
38. Don‟t worry! I‟ll give her this message as soon as she ________
A. has returned
B. will return
C. returned
D. returns
39. Windy is sick and needs some days off. Her close friends, Alison, ______ it for her until
she _______ fine again
A. will do/ feels
B. is doing/ will feel
C. does/ has felt
D. will do/ will feel
40. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We _____for more than 24 hours
A. have travelled
B. had been travelling
C. travelled
D. had travelled

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C. READING
I.
Read the passage and choose the best answer

All dressed in red
Before getting married, the bride at a Hindu wedding ceremony does everything to make sure her wedding
day is a lucky one. A holy man studies the horoscopes of the bride and the groom to choose the right day for
the wedding, so that the marriage will be long and happy. Will the marriage be a happy one if the wedding
takes place on Wednesday, or would it be better to wait until the full moon on Friday? After checking all the
signs very carefully, he chooses the wedding day. There are the weeks of preparation and excitement that are
common to all cultures, then finally, on the wedding day itself, before helping her dress, the bride‟s sisters
and female friends paint her hands and feet with henna. When she‟s ready, she puts on a red sari, the colour
which will bring her good luck, for the marriage. During the ceremony, the groom‟s relatives place a small
mark of red paste on her forehead to show she is a married woman. After decorating the bride with jewels,
they cover both her face and that of the groom with a veil. And then she is married. During the reception, the
guests enjoy a feast of food and drink, while the bride and the groom sit together and share their meal.
41. To make sure the wedding day is a lucky one, a Hindu bride ____________
A. Paints her hands with henna
B. Studies the groom‟s horoscope
C. Gets her horoscope studied by a holy man
D. Waits until the full moon on Friday
42. The wedding day is chosen carefully by ______________
A. A holy man
B. The bride
C. The groom
D. The groom‟s relatives
43. The choice of the wedding day from the holy man is based on ________ that he has

checked carefully
A. The bride‟s horoscope
B. All the signs
C. The full moon
D. The groom‟s horoscope
44. The bride puts on a red safari after ____________________
A. Decorating with jewels
B. Sealing a small mark of red paste on the forehead
C. Covering her face with a veil
D. Painting hands and feet with henna
45. The small mark of red paste on the bride‟s forehead means _____________
A. The wedding day is certainly a lucky one
B. The marriage will be lucky
C. The girl is a married woman
D. The marriage will be long and happy






bride (n) /braid/ : cô dâu
wedding ceremony (noun phrase) / „wediŋ „serəmoʊni/ : lễ cưới
make sure (verb phrase )/ meik ʃʊr/ : đảm bảo
holy (adj) /‟hoʊli/: linh thiêng, thánh thần
horoscope (n) / „hɑ:rəskoʊp/ : cung hoàng đạo





groom (n) / gru:m/: chú rể
marriage (n) / „mӕriʤ/: hôn nhân
take place ( phrasal verb) / teik pleis/: xảy ra
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














full moon ( noun phrase) / fʊl mu:n/: trăng tròn
check (v)/ ʧek/: kiểm tra
sign (n) /sain/: dấu hiệu
preparation (n) / prepə „reiʃn/: sự chuẩn bị
excitement (n) / ik „saitmənt/: sự hứng khởi, phấn khích

sari (n)/ „sɑ: ri/ : áo sari- trang phục truyền thống của người Ấn Độ
relative (n) / „relətiv/: họ hàng
forehead (n) / „fɔ:hed/ : trán
paste (n) / peist/ : hồ bột ( để dán)
jewel (n) / „ʤu:əl/ : trang sức, đá quý
veil (n) / veil/: mạng che mặt
reception (n) / ri „sepʃn/ : sự tiếp đón
guest (n) /gest/ : khách
feast (n) / fi:st/: bữa tiệc

II.

Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion
Wedding is very important to the Vietnamese, not only (46) _______the couple involved but also for
both families. The wedding day is usually (47) ________ carefully by the groom's parents.
(48) _________ the wedding day, the groom's family and relatives go to the bride‟s house
(49)_______ a lot of gifts wrapped in red papers. Those (5) ______hold the trays of gifts are also carefully
chosen,
they
are
usually
happily
(51)
_________
couples
The Master of Ceremonies (52) ______ the groom, the bride, the parents, the relatives and guests of
the two families. The wedding ceremony starts in front of the (53) ____. The bride and the groom would
pray, (54) ________ their ancestors' permission to be married. The Master of Ceremonies would give the
wedding couple (55) ______ on starting a new family. The groom and the bride then (56) ________their
wedding

rings.
Often the wedding (57) ________ is scheduled at the groom or bride‟s home or at a restaurant and all
close
relatives,
friends
and
neighbours
are
invited.
Traditional food and beer or wine are served. (58) _________the reception, the groom and bride and
their parents stop (59)______ each table to thank their guests. The guests, in return, will give envelopes
(60)_______ wedding cards and money gifts to the newly wedded couples alone with their blessings.
46. A. to
B. at
C. for
D. forward
47. A. looked
B. tested
C. chosen
D. checked
48. A. By
B. At
C. On
D. In
49. A. taking
B. loading
C. carrying
D. bringing
50. A. who
B. what

C. which
D. whose
51. A. marry
B. marriage
C. marrying
D. married
52. A. mentions
B. introduces
C. shows
D. shouts
53. A. mosque
B. altar
C. temple
D. church
54. A. asking
B. ask
C. asked
D. to ask
55. A. advice
B. information
C. warn
D. lesson
56. A. take
B. exchange
C. change
D. give
57. A. celebration
B. ceremony
C. banquet
D. bouquet

58. A. During
B. While
C. Since
D. As
59. A. In front of
B. by
C. behind
D. next to
60. A. owning
B. belonging
C. containing
D. holding


couple (n) / „kʌpl/: cặp đôi



gift (n) / gift/: quà tặng
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

wrap (v) / rӕp : bọc, gói



tray (n) /trei/ : khay



pray (v) /prei/: cầu nguyện, khấn



Master of Ceremonies ( noun phrase): chủ hôn



Ancestor (n) / „ӕnsestər/: tổ tiên



Permission (n) / pə „miʃn/ : sự cho phép



Banquet: tiệc



Schedule (n), (v) / „skeʤu:l/ / „ʃedju:l/ : lên lịch, sắp xếp thời gian



in return (idiom) bù lại, đổi lại



envelope (n) / „envəloʊp/ : phong bì



blessing (n) / „blesiŋ/: lời chúc phúc

D. ERROR IDENTIFICATION : Identify the error in each sentence
61. I will send this book to you before I will finish it
A
B
C
D
62. Mr and Mrs Brown are business people. They have been visited six countries for the past
A
B
C
D
three years
63. I completed the English course by the time I enrolled the course in computer
A
B
C
D
64.To tell the truth, I didn‟t contact her since she left me for oversea study
A
B

C
D
65. Before Julia had become a famous fashion model, she attracted a lot of attention from the
A
B
C
D
public
66. Magaret Mead studied many different cultural, and she was one of the first anthropologists to
A
B
C
photograph her subjects
D
67. What is the traditional attitudes of Americans and Asians towards love and marriage?
A
B
C
D
68. I have been travelling to different parts of my country, and I have learned a lot about
A
B
C
interested lifestyle and customs
D
69. What do young people in Vietnam address elderly people or their superior to show
A
B
C
D

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politeness?
70. Eye contact and facial expressions provide important social and emotional informations
A
B
C
D
E. WRITING
1. The last time I was in Prague was in 1986.
I haven‟t____________________________________________
2. This will be the team‟s first match outside England
This will be the first time _______________________________
3. Terry will get over his illness. Then his work will be improved
Once _________________________________________________
4. There will be someone to meet you on arrival
When ________________________________________________
5. The number of people who attended the fair exceeded our expectation
More people___________________________________________
6. I didn‟t receive the results of my test for a month
It was ________________________________________________
7. My work won‟t be finished by the end of the month
I ____________________________________________________
8. Go to the interantional ticket desk immediately on arrival
As __________________________________________________
9. I didn‟t know about John‟s departure

I didn‟t know that ______________________________________
10. Quite a few books are missing from the class library
Several members of the class have not _____________________

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