câu bị động (1)

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Passive voice - Câu bị động

A. Khái niệm câu chủ động và bị động:
Câu chủ động:
A. Khái niệm câu chủ động và bị động:
Ex: People speak English all over the world.
Câu bị động:
Ex: English is spoken all over the world.
Lưu ý: Không phải cứ chủ ngữ là người thì là chủ động, chủ ngữ là vật thì là bị động.
Ex: - The students were punished yesterday.
- Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years.
Lưu ý: Chúng ta không dùng cấu trúc bị động với các nội động từ như “fit, suit, have,
resemble, look, like, hold, contain, mean,…”
Ex: - They have a nice house.
Don’t say: - A nice house is had by them

B. Quy tắc chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
To be + Past participle

1. Simple present:
S + V (s/es) + Object

S + am/is/are + PII + by + O
- We don't watch films in the evening
=> Films aren’t watched in the evening

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QK

HT

TL

Was/ were + PII

Am/ is/ are + PII

Will + be + PII

Was/ were + being+
PII
Had+ been + PII

Am/ is/ are + being+ PII

___________

Have/ has + been+ PII

Will have + been +
PII

Tương lai gần

Động từ khuyết thiếu

am/is/are + going to be + PII

Modal verbs (can/ could/ may/
might/ must/ ought to/ should) +
be + PII

Ex:
- They haven’t moved anything in your room since 1999.
=> Anything in your room hasn’t been moved since 1999
=> Nothing in your room has been moved since 1999
-

The terrorist has kept three hostages for a week

 Three hostages have been kept by the terrorist for a week.

4. Simple past
S + Past of Verb (V-ed/ P-Irregular) + Object

S + was/were + PII + by + O
Ex:
- The thieves broke into the house.
=> The house was broken into by the thieves.
- They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
=> Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home.

5. Past continuous:

S + was/ were + V-ing + Object

S + was/were + being + PII + by + O
Ex:
- They were doing a physical experiment when I was there.
=> A physical experiment was being done by them when I was there.
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- Tom was writing 2 poems.
=> 2 poems were being written by Tom.

6. Past perfect:
S + had + PII + Object

S + had + been + PII + by + O
Lưu ý: Không có bị động của thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Ex:
- Nobody told me that they had discharged John from hospital.
=> I was not told that John had been discharged from hospital.
- They had taken the victim to hospital before the police came.
=> The victim had been taken to hospital before the police came.

7. Simple future:
S + will/shall + V+ Object

S + will/shall+ be + PII + by + O
Lưu ý:: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn không có dạng bị động.
Ex:
- They will change the date of the meeting again.
=> The date of the meeting will be changed again.
- The examiner will read the passage three times.
=> The passage will be read three times by the examiner

8. Future perfect
S + will/shall + V+ Object

S + will/shall+ have been + PII + by + O
Ex:
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- By the time you come back, they will have finished the project.
=> By the time you come back, the project will have been finished.
- By the time you come back here in 5 years' time, they will have knocked down those
houses.
=>
Those houses will have been knocked down by the time you come back here in 5
years' time.

9. Near future
S + am/is/are + going to + V-inf + O

S + am/is/are + going to be + PII + by + O
Ex:
-

We are going to make him the monitor of our class

=> He is going to made the monitor of our class

10. Modals and Auxiliary in the passive voice
S + modal verbs (can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ ought to/ should) + V-inf + O

-> S + modal verbs (can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ ought to/ should) + be + PII + by + O
Ex:
-

He can’t repair my bike

=> My bike can’t be repaired.

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