Chapter 09 leadership research findings practice and skills 7th edition

Chapter Nine
Developing
Teamwork
LEADERSHIP
Andrew J. DuBrin, 7th Edition


Learning Objectives
• Understand the leader’s role in a team-based organization.
• Describe leader actions that foster teamwork.
• Explain the potential contribution of outdoor training to the
development of team leadership.
• Describe how the leader-member exchange model
contributes to an understanding of leadership.


Teams and Teamwork
• Team
• Work group that must rely on collaboration of each member to
experience optimum success and achievement.

• Teamwork
• Work down with an understanding and commitment to group
goals on the part of all team members.
• Developing teamwork is such an important leadership role that team
building is said to differentiate successful from unsuccessful leaders.


Distinguishing Between
Teams and Groups
Teams

• Characterized by a common commitment
• Shared leadership roles
• Accomplishes many collective work products
• Includes individual & mutual accountability
• Produce collective work product
• Team leader encourages open-ended
discussions and active problem-solving
• Team members discuss, decide, and do real
work together

Groups
• May not have a strong commitment
• Members tend to work slightly more
independently
• Members have a strong leader
• Emphasizes individual accountability
• Sometimes produce individual work products
• Group leader runs an efficient meeting
• More likely to discuss, divide, and delegate


The Leader’s Role in the
Team-Based Organization
• Team-based organizations need leaders who are knowledgeable in the team
process and can help with the interpersonal demands of teams.
• Key roles of a team-based leader:
• Building trust and inspiring teamwork
• Coaching team members and group members toward higher levels of performance
• Facilitating and supporting the team’s decisions
• Expanding the team’s capabilities

• Creating a team identity
• Anticipating and influencing change
• Inspiring the team toward higher levels of performance
• Enabling and empowering group members to accomplish their work
• Encouraging team members to eliminate low-value work


Fostering Teamwork
• Leader’s Personality
• Inspiring, Charm, Charisma, Personal Magnetism
• Informal Techniques
• Using the Leader’s Resources
• Formal Techniques
• Requires Organizational Structures and Policies


Teamwork Actions Leaders Can Take
Using Their Own Resources
• Defining team mission
• Establishing a climate of trust
• Develop a norm of teamwork, including emotional intelligence
• Emphasize pride in being outstanding
• Serve as a model of teamwork, including power sharing
• Use a consensus leadership style
• Establish urgency, demand performance standards, and provide direction
• Encourage cooperation with another group
• Encourage use of jargon
• Minimize micro managing
• Practice e-leadership for virtual teams

Teamwork Actions Generally Requiring
Organization Structure or Policy
• Designing physical structures that facilitate
communication
• Emphasizing group recognition and rewards
• Initiating ritual and ceremony
• Practicing open-book management
• Selecting team-oriented members
• Using technology that facilitates teamwork including
social media
• Blending representatives from the domestic company
and foreign nationals on the team


Offsite Training & Team
Development—Outdoor Training
• Participation in experiential activities aimed at building teamwork and
leadership skills
• Participants acquire leadership and teamwork skills by confronting physical
challenges and exceeding their self-imposed limitations.
• Emphasis is typically on building not only teamwork but also selfconfidence for leadership.
• Outdoor training enhances teamwork by helping participants examine the
process of getting things done through working with people.


Offsite Training & Team
Development—Outdoor Training
• Pros:
• Perception that trust, cooperation, communication, selfconfidence, and teamwork improve with outdoor training.

• Cons:
• Perception that team members revert to old behaviors
over time, team members come and go, thereby diluting
the experience for their group, and team members are
sometimes exposed to harm or injury.


The Leader-Member Exchange
Model & Teamwork (LMX)
Proposes that leaders develop unique working
relationships with group members.


The Leader-Member Exchange
Model & Teamwork (LMX)
In-Group
• Given additional rewards, responsibility,
and trust in exchange for their loyalty and
performance.
• Leader has a good relationship with ingroup members.
• Becomes part of a smoothly functioning
team headed by the formal leader.
• Group members tend to have a higher level
of performance and commitment.
• Group members are asked to participate.

Out-Group
• Treated in accordance with a
more formal understanding of

leader-group member relations.
• Less likely to experience good
teamwork.
• Group members are treated like
hired hands.
• Group members receive little
warmth or encouragement.


Summary
• Teamwork is an understanding of and commitment to group goals on the part
of all group members.
• Leaders must occupy many roles and employ many strategies (actions) to be an
effective team builder.
• Leaders can foster and improve teamwork through actions using their own
resources and through actions relying on organizational structures and policy.
• Outdoor training is a popular experiential approach to enhance teamwork;
however, opinions about its effectiveness are mixed.
• According to the Leader-Member Exchange Model, leaders develop unique
relationships with group members that result in an in-group and and outgroup.
• The leader’s first impression of a group member’s competency plays an
important role in placing that person into the in-group or the out-group.