overview of these amorphogenesis inducing agent
and their interactions with cellulose
Name: Nguyen Thi Minh Thu
2016.11.18
CONTENTS
1. Overview
2. The amorphogenesis – inducing proteins
2.1. Expansin
2.2. EXLX1 or YOAj
2.3. Swollenin
1. Overview
Amorphogenesis reducing
The amorphogenesis inducing or disrupting is disrupted or loosened by non – hydrolytic proteins at
inaccessible regions in enzymatic saccharification of cellulose
What is the amorphogenesis inducing agent brings
disrupting or loosening of the plant cell wall ?
To disrupt and weaken the plant cell wall without releasing
a significant amount of soluble sugars
Expansin
The amorphogenesis – inducing
EXLX1
protein
Promoting amorphegenesis of the substrate
Swollenin
2.1. Expansin
Expansin are plant cell – wall loosening proteins involved in cell enlargement and in a variety of other developmental
processes in which cell – wall modification occurs.
The structure of expansin includes two domains (domain 1 and domain 2) preceded by a signal peptide.
•
SP
Domain 1
Domain 2
lacks of a second asparate so do not be
Expansin
hydrolytic activity.
A
G2A
Domain 1 likely the structure of GH45. It
C
B
F
•
Domain 2 was initially speculated tobe a
CBM on the basic of conserved aromatic and
polar residues on the surface of the protein
p12
Barwin
To induce extension of isolated cell walls
To be associated with cell – wall loosening in growing
cells
Urea and deuterium
oxide reduces the creep
rate on cell wall
glycans
2.2. EXLX1 OR YOAJ
•
•
is an expansin from Bacterial
Likely the structure of plant expansins, consist of two domains:
+ Domain 1: form a six – stranded double – ψ β - barrel with high structural similarity to D1 of plant expansins, much lower similarity to GH – 102 peptidoglycan lytic
transglycosylases.
+ Domain 2: is structurally related to domain D2 plant expansins, forming an Ig – like β sandwich.
•
It induces extension of plant cell walls, but it has weak expansin activity
2.3. SWOLLENIN
Is a special expansin – like protein from fungus Trichoderma reesei.
The structure of swollenin includes an N – terminal cellulose – specific carbohydrate binding module (CBM) connect via a
linker region to a C – terminal expansin – like domain (mammalian fibronectin type III – like repeats) .
Promoted the disruption of
cellulosic biomass through a non –
hydrolytic weakening of hydrogen
bonding
Separated relatively crystalline
regions of cellulose from each
other
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