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Grammar Review
(IELTS - oriented)
1. Verb Tenses
• Present

Simple
Continuous
Perfect Simple
Perfect Continuous

• Past

Simple
Continuous
Perfect Simple

By 2000 there had been 2456 students who joined the Blood
Donation Scheme by VN Red Cross.
• Expressing Future Intentions/ Plans
← will do: prediction/ future trend...
← be going to do: planned arrangement
← be doing sth: likely activity
← simple present: timetable, schedule
←
2. Relative Clauses (Adj/ Adv)
Adj RC: who/ which/that/ whose (defining & non-defining)
... MC, which seems to raise a lot of questions.
Adv RC: where/ when/why/how
...., where impurities are removed
This is one of the reasons why she left him.
Shortened Relative Clauses

Active sentence


The police finally found and arrested the man who broke into the MR
Bank on May 15.
.................
breaking into....
Passive sentence
What do you think of the shoes which were made by Van.Dal in
England?
................
(---------------) made by.......
3. Conditionals
Conditional I/ Real Condition at Present (simple present/ present
perfect, will do)
Conditional II/ Unreal Condition at Present
Conditional III/ Unreal Condition in the Past
Zero Conditional/ Natural processes
4. Active and Passive Voice
It can be said that...

5. Reported Speech
5.1. Reported Statement
(+)
(-)
5.2. Reported Question
(Y/N) if/ whether
(Wh-)
5.3. Reported Command, Request, Advice,...
7. Comparison

* Equality


as....as/ not so....as
NB. the same as/ equal to/ similar to/ equivalent to....
* Comparatives
NB.
- Ten times bigger than... / twice my age/ 10 years older than me
- The more.....S1 + V1, the better...S2 + V2
* Superlative
8. Miscellaneous
- Connectives/ Connecting devices/ conjunctions
BUT group: however, in contrast, nevertheless, on the contrary...
AND group: also, moreover, in addition, too, besides, ...
OR group: alternatively, or else ...
... (Handout)
- Pair conjunctions: not only/ not just..A.. but/ but also.. B..
so + adj + that/ such + (adj) N + that >< so that
either.... or (+)/ neither..... nor.... (-)
- Verb Pattern
V + to V(inf): want, wish, decide, agree, like, remember, forget...
V + V_ing: deny, consider, stop, remember, forget, admit, mind
V + sb + to/ V(inf): ask, want, make, let, get,
V + adv + sb/sth + to V(inf): wait,
V + adv + V_ing: look forward to, insist on, think of,
- Structures
It be + adj + for sb + to do sth
E.g.1 It is not easy for us to write well in English
= to find it + adj + to do sth

E.g.2 We find it not easy to write well.
Not Adj/ adv enough for sb to do sth
E.g.3 The car is too expensive for me to buy.
= The car is not cheap enough for me to buy.
= I don’t have enough money to buy the car.
= I’m not rich enough to buy the car.
= The car is very expensive, so I can’t buy it.
= I can’t buy the car because it is very/ so expensive.
= .......................

due to its very high price

= The car costs so much that I can’t buy.
= The price of the car is so high that ...
= I can’t afford the car because of/ due to + NP
..............

as/ since/ because + Clause

- Collocations
E.g. make noise, do the housework, go sightseeing, have a swim...
high/low + percentage/ price
big/ small + number
loud/ soft + voice...
- Phrasal Verbs
to come across = meet by chance
to drop by = visit sb for a short time