Oracle Data Modeling and Relational Database Design Ed 1 (Activity Guide)

Activity Guide

D56497GC10
Edition 1.0
September 2010
D67009

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Oracle Data Modeling and
Relational Database Design


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Appendix A
Practices and Solutions

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Practices for Lesson 1 ......................................................................................................... 4
Practice 1-1: Identify the Modeling Approach ............................................................... 5
Practices for Lesson 2 ......................................................................................................... 7
Practice 2-1: Identify Types of Business Direction Information .................................... 8
Practices for Lesson 3 ......................................................................................................... 9
Practice 3-1: Create a Data Flow Diagram ................................................................... 10
Practices for Lesson 4 ....................................................................................................... 11
Practice 4-1: Build a Data Flow Diagram in Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler.... 12
Practices for Lesson 5 ....................................................................................................... 13
Practice 5-1: Decompose a Process in Your Data Flow Diagram ................................ 14
Practices for Lesson 6 ....................................................................................................... 15
Practice 6-1: Identify Entities and Attributes................................................................ 16
Practice 6-2: Identify Entities and Attributes................................................................ 17
Practices for Lesson 7 ....................................................................................................... 18
Practice 7-1: Analyze and Model Relationships ........................................................... 19
Practice 7-2: Analyze and Model Relationships ........................................................... 20

Practices for Lesson 8 ....................................................................................................... 21
Practice 8-1: Identify Unique Identifiers ...................................................................... 22
Practice 8-2: Identify Unique Identifiers ...................................................................... 23
Practices for Lesson 9 ....................................................................................................... 24
Practice 9-1: Build an ERD in Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler ......................... 25
Practices for Lesson 10 ..................................................................................................... 27
Practice 10-1: Develop and Validate Your ERD .......................................................... 28
Practices for Lesson 11 ..................................................................................................... 29
Practice 11-1: Normalize an ERD................................................................................. 30
Practice 11-2: Validate ERD for Normalization ........................................................... 31
Practices for Lesson 12 ..................................................................................................... 32
Practice 12-1: Resolve M:M Relationships .................................................................. 33
Practice 12-2: Model Hierarchical Data ....................................................................... 34
Practice 12-3: Model Hierarchical Data and Recursive Relationships ......................... 35
Practice 12-4: Examine Exclusive Relationships ......................................................... 36
Practice 12-5: Examine Exclusive Relationships ......................................................... 37
Practices for Lesson 13 ..................................................................................................... 38
Practice 13-1: Create and Assign Data Types............................................................... 39
Practices for Lesson 14 ..................................................................................................... 40
Practice 14-1: Develop and Validate Your ERD .......................................................... 41
Practice 14-2: Develop and Validate Your ERD (Optional) ........................................ 42
Practices for Lesson 15 ..................................................................................................... 43
Practice 15-1: Create an Initial Relational Model......................................................... 44
Practice 15-2: Forward Engineer a Model .................................................................... 45
Practices for Lesson 16 ..................................................................................................... 46
Practice 16-1: Analyze Your Relational Model ............................................................ 47
Practices for Lesson 17 ..................................................................................................... 48
Practice 17-1: Denormalize Your Relational Model .................................................... 49

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Table of Contents


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Practices for Lesson 18 ..................................................................................................... 50
Practice 18-1: Create a Physical Model ........................................................................ 51
Practices for Lesson 19 ..................................................................................................... 52
Practice 19-1: Generate DDL........................................................................................ 53
Practices for Lesson 20 ..................................................................................................... 54
Practice 20-1: Re-Engineer the HR Schema ................................................................. 55
Practices for Lesson 21 ..................................................................................................... 56
Practice 21-1: Build a Multidimensional Model........................................................... 57
Solutions for All Lessons .................................................................................................. 58
Solution 1-1: Identify Modeling Approach................................................................... 59
Solution 2-1: Identify Types of Business Direction Information ................................. 60
Solution: Lesson 3 Class Practice: Create a Data Flow Diagram ................................. 61
Solution 3-1: Create a Data Flow Diagram................................................................... 62
Solution 4-1: Build a Data Flow Diagram in Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler ... 63
Solution 5-1: Decompose a Process in Your Data Flow Diagram................................ 66
Solution: Lesson 6 Class Practice: Identify Entities and Attributes ............................. 70
Solution 6-1: Identify Entities and Attributes ............................................................... 71
Solution 6-2: Identify Entities and Attributes ............................................................... 72
Solution: Lesson 7 Class Practice: Define Business Rules........................................... 73
Solution: Lesson 7 Class Practice: Build a Relationship Matrix .................................. 74
Solution 7-1: Analyze and Model Relationships .......................................................... 75
Solution 7-2: Analyze and Model Relationships .......................................................... 76
Solution: Lesson 8 Class Practice: Specify Unique Identifiers .................................... 77
Solution 8-1: Identify Unique Identifiers...................................................................... 78

Solution 8-2: Identify Unique Identifiers...................................................................... 79
Solution 9-1: Build an ERD in Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler ......................... 80
Solution 10-1: Develop and Validate Your ERD ......................................................... 83
Solution 11-1: Normalize an ERD ................................................................................ 84
Solution 11-2: Validate ERD for Normalization .......................................................... 85
Solution 12-1: Resolve M:M Relationships.................................................................. 86
Solution 12-2: Model Hierarchical Data ....................................................................... 88
Solution 12-3: Model Hierarchical Data and Recursive Relationships ........................ 89
Solution 12-4: Examine Exclusive Relationships ......................................................... 91
Solution 12-5: Examine Exclusive Relationships ......................................................... 93
Solution 13-1: Create and Assign Data Types .............................................................. 94
Solution 14-1: Develop and Validate Your ERD ......................................................... 98
Solution 14-2: Develop and Validate Your ERD ....................................................... 100
Solution 15-1: Create an Initial Relational Model ...................................................... 101
Solution 15-2: Forward Engineer a Model ................................................................. 111
Solution 16-1: Analyze Your Relational Model ......................................................... 116
Solution 17-1: Denormalize Your Relational Model .................................................. 125
Solution 18-1: Create a Physical Model ..................................................................... 127
Solution 19-1: Generate DDL ..................................................................................... 137
Solution 20-1: Re-Engineer the HR Schema .............................................................. 145
Solution 21-1: Build a Multidimensional Model ........................................................ 185


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Practices for Lesson 1

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Practice 1-1: Identify the Modeling Approach

Starlight DVD and Games Rentals is a successful company that rents DVDs and games.
Last year’s turnover almost doubled to $6.5 million with a profile margin of just over
10%, which is high in this type of business. The number of rentals increased 80% and the
customer base tripled to 30,000. The number of available movie titles grew by 8%,
reflecting the increase in titles coming out on DVD. The number of copies in the stores
increased by 45% to 63,000. The renting of games is still an immature business (less than
5% of turnover) and the number of game titles is steady as new games replace those
removed from the catalog.
Starlight already has an information system to track rentals, but this needs enhancement
to support proposed changes to the business. A team of business consultants has carried
out a study and produced a report outlining proposals. The following is an excerpt from
the report:
•

•

•
•

•

Starlight attracts new customers easily and the number of rentals is growing rapidly.
The customer base is not stable, however, which is a cause for concern. We suggest
implementing some new concepts that should attract new customers and retain
existing customers.
The main idea is to introduce the concept of membership at Starlight. Members will
pay a membership fee (the amount to be decided) that entitles them to certain
privileges that are valid for a period of time (length to be decided). Initially, there will
be three types of membership (gold, silver, and bronze) although more may be
introduced later. Bronze membership is free and replaces the current way of handling
rentals. Silver and gold memberships incur a fee but entitle the member to privileges,
such as a discount on the usual rental price for a type of title, a free DVD after a
certain number of rentals, the right to take out more than the usual number of DVDs
at the same time, and the right to take out more “new release” titles than usual.
In the current situation, only individuals (“customers”) can rent. It is proposed to
extend membership to companies as well.
A membership will be of a certain type, last for a specified period, and will be
renewed periodically. The type of membership cannot be changed. If someone wants
to upgrade from a bronze to a silver membership, the bronze membership is
terminated and a silver membership is created. Members will receive an automatic
renewal or upgrade offer about a month before the membership is due to expire if
they have rented a tape or game during the previous four weeks. Bronze memberships
that do not lead to a rental during the rental period are terminated automatically.
Silver and gold members receive a membership card only after paying the appropriate
fee. Members can terminate their membership by request at any time.

Another cause for concern is the number of “lost” DVDs. We propose some new
procedures to address this problem. Every customer seeking membership will have to
provide proof of identity as part of the registration process. A photocopy of the
identification will be stored. A membership card, containing the membership number,

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In this practice, you review the following case study and identify the models that need to
be developed and what approach should be used.


•

•

type, expiration date, and a photograph of the holder, will be provided. This card will
have to be shown for every rental transaction.
In addition, the store manager will be able to produce a weekly report identifying
DVDs that are more than two weeks overdue. Members who have the DVDs will be
requested to return them immediately. The request will be repeated until the DVDs
are returned. Members who fail to return DVDs, or who repeatedly break the rules by
keeping DVDs for two weeks or more, will have their membership terminated.
Starlight management emphasizes that all amendments to the information system
must be flexible enough to deviate from fees and time frames in individual cases.

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Practice 1-1: Identify the Modeling Approach (continued)

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Practices for Lesson 2

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Practice 2-1: Identify Types of Business Direction Information
In this practice, you gain experience in identifying the types of business direction
information. Read through each of the following notes and mark in the table the type of
business direction information that it is (business objective, key performance indicator,
critical success factor, or problem).
Business
Objective

Key
Performance

Indicator

Critical
Success
Factor

Assumption

Problem

Store clerks do not know when a
membership is due for renewal, and
cannot, therefore, proactively
encourage customers to renew their
membership.
To reduce the number of non-returned
DVDs from 5% to <1%
Staff needs to be alerted when a DVD
is more than two weeks overdue.
Store clerks cannot easily identify
DVDs that are seriously overdue (more
than two weeks late).
To increase rentals by 25% annually
through the introduction of
membership privileges
Our current system uses Oracle
Database 9i and is on UNIX.
The number of seriously overdue
DVDs should be <3%.
Starlight must stock a very wide range

of DVDs and sufficient copies of the
latest DVDs to ensure that membership
is attractive.
Store clerks are unable to chase
overdue DVDs.
Starlight would like to upgrade to
Oracle Database 11g on Linux.

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Note


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Practices for Lesson 3

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Practice 3-1: Create a Data Flow Diagram

•

•
•
•
•
•

There will be three types of memberships: gold, silver, and bronze. Gold and silver
memberships incur a fee, but entitle the member to certain privileges. Bronze

memberships replace the current situation.
Customers must provide some form of identification before a membership is created.
The identification document will be photocopied and filed.
A membership card will be issued and must be shown each time a DVD or game is
rented.
A unique number is allocated to each new membership
The fee for gold and silver membership must be paid before the membership card can
be issued.

Perform the following in groups assigned by your instructor:
1. Create processes, external agents, information stores, and information flows.
2. Label all objects on your diagram.
3. Define the events that trigger each process.
4. Define the outcome of each process and specify its type.

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In this practice, you build a data flow diagram for the Starlight DVD Rental case study.
As stated previously, the business consultants have recommended the introduction of a
tiered membership scheme for Starlight. This necessitates some changes to the way the
company deals with its customers. The following extract from the consultants’ report
describes the proposals regarding the creation of memberships:


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Practices for Lesson 4

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Practice 4-1: Build a Data Flow Diagram in Oracle SQL Developer
Data Modeler

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In this practice, you use Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler to build the data flow
diagram that you created in Practice 3-1.

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Practices for Lesson 5

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Practice 5-1: Decompose a Process in Your Data Flow Diagram

•
•

Verify that the customer has entered all the required information on the form.
Determine whether the customer is a current customer, and compare whether the
customer is upgrading the membership or staying at the same Bronze level.

Create a transformation process that loads the membership information into your CRM
system so that CRM activities can be used to communicate with customers.
Incorporate the above requirements by revising your DFD to show the decomposition in
Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler.

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In this practice, you decompose a process and add a transformation process in the DFD
that you created in the previous practice. Decompose the Gather Membership Information
process to handle the following requirements:


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Practice 6-1: Identify Entities and Attributes

For your convenience, here is a summary of part of the business analyst’s report:
• Starlight Rentals wants to introduce memberships (Gold, Silver and Bronze).
• A membership can be for an individual customer or an organization.
• An organization may be a part of another organization
• Starlight Rentals must keep track of the reasons why memberships terminate.
• The actual fee that is paid by a member can be less than the standard fee.
• The type of membership cannot be modified. An upgrade always leads to termination
of the current membership and creation of a new one.
• Memberships can be renewed annually
• A membership can start at any time and is valid for a period of a year.
• Silver and Gold memberships entitle members to privileges.
• One privilege is a type-dependent discount percentage of each rental.

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In this practice, you identify and model the entities and attributes for Starlight DVD
Rental. Write a brief description of each entity. Show at least two attributes for each
entity.


Practice 6-2: Identify Entities and Attributes

District Hotel Manager, Sharon Ferguson, would like to manage the information that her
company keeps about their hotels, guests, and rooms. Sharon is responsible for multiple
hotels in various locations. Sharon would like to know what rooms she has in which
hotels and what the price is for each room. She would also like to know which rooms
have been reserved for a particular date by a guest.

Perform the following tasks:
1. Examine the nouns. Are they things of significance?
2. Name each entity.
3. Is there information of interest about the entity that the business needs to hold?
4. Diagram each entity and its attributes.

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In this practice, you identify and model the entities in the following set of information
requirements:


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Practices for Lesson 7

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Practice 7-1: Analyze and Model Relationships

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In this practice, you analyze and model the relationships for the following entities, which
you created in the DVD Membership practice (Practice 6-1). Use a relationship matrix to
track the existence of relationships between the entities, and then draw the relationships
in the diagram.

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Practice 7-2: Analyze and Model Relationships

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In this practice, you analyze and model the relationships for the following entities, which
you created in Practice 6-2. Use a relationship matrix to track the existence of
relationships between entities, and then draw the relationships in the diagram.

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Practices for Lesson 8

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Practice 8-1: Identify Unique Identifiers

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In this practice, you identify the unique identifiers that you created in the DVD
Membership practice (Practice 7-1).

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Practice 8-2: Identify Unique Identifiers

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In this practice, you identify unique identifiers for the ERD you created in Practice 7-2.

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