Flower fruit injury

Flower & Fruit Injury
Apple scab
on apple
(right)

Codling moth in apple
Left: Western
flower thrips
feeding injury
on impatiens.

Above: Bean pod mottle virus in soybeans
(left) vs. uninfected beans (right)


Weed Effects
•
•
•
•
•

Weed Groups
Algae (aquatic systems)
Mosses/liverworts (turf & nurseries)
Ferns/horsetails (pastureland, horticultural
crops)
Gymnosperms (rangeland, forests, long-term notill systems)
Angiosperms [monocotyledon & dicotyledon]
(annuals, biennials, perennials)

Weed Impacts
•
•
•
•

Competitive -- yield loss (quantity and quality)
Parasitic effects (cf Norris et al., p 23 – 24)
Mechanical interference with farm implements
Other incidental
– Seed contamination
– Land valuation
– Health & safety (hay fever, toxins, fire hazard)


Comparative Biology of Pests
Chapter 5 is divided into 3 principal segments
1. Concepts in Pest Population Regulation
2. Dissemination, Invasion, and Colonization
Processes
3. Pest Genetics


Comparative Biology of Pests
•

Concepts in Pest Population Regulation
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Reproduction
Fecundity & Fertility
Population Generation Time
Longevity & Mortality
Quiescence and Dormancy
Heat Summation & Degree Days
Molting & Metamorphosis
Life Tables
Basic Life Cycle Models


1. Reproduction
Sexual

Good for IPM

Bad for IPM

1.

Can manage
resistance

Mating disrupt.
possible

More plastic, better
able to overcome
tactics

Strain/race
geographically
specific
Can’t overcome
effective controls

1. More inoc. (path &
weed)
2. Faster popn.
growth (all are
reproductive)

2.

Asexual

1.
2.

Note: Many serious species have both sexual & asexual periods or stages.


Individual and Population

Development Time
•

Includes:
2.
3.
4.
5.

•

Fecundity & Fertility
Population Generation Time
Cycles per Season
Longevity and Mortality

Affects management response time


Management Response Time

• The amount of time between when a decision to
control a pest is made and when that control
takes effect.
• Primarily used for rescue treatments.
• Directly affects action thresholds.