Applying career development theory to counseling, 6e chapter 1 and 2
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Applying Career Development Theory to
Counseling, 6e
by Richard Sharf
Power Point Slides
COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc.
1
Chapter 1
WHY IS CAREER SATISFACTION IMPORTANT?
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Chapter 1
DEFINITIONS
Career – Individuals’ work and leisure (THE MANY ROLES) that
their life span
takes place over
Career Choice – Decisions made during one’s
life about work or related activities
Jobs – Positions requiring certain skills within
an organization
Occupations – Similar jobs found in many organizations
COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc.
2
CAREER AND PERSONAL COUNSELING
Career counseling includes personal issues
Personal counseling includes career issues
Goals may be explicit or implicit
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3
THEORY DEVELOPMENT
Theories must be:
Explicit about rules and terms
Precise about predictions and limitations
Tested through research
Consistent and clear
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4
CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY
To use career development theories, counselors should consider:
Their client populations
Their theory of personality and counseling
The theory’s ease of use in counseling sessions(chunking)
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5
A VIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE (DAWIS)
Person
Environment
(Person - Environment Fit)
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6
CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS
Helping skills
Knowledge of tests
Knowledge of occupational Information
Knowledge of career development theory
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Rogers Helping Skills
Unconditional Positive Regard
Genuineness
Congruence
Empathy
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Truax and Carkhuff , et.al. Helping Skills:
Open ending questions
non-biased questions
discussing
paraphrasing
reflecting feelings
confrontation
concreteness
specificity
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HELPING SKILLS USED IN CAREER COUNSELING
Attending
Continuation responses
Questioning
Restating
Giving information not opinion
Reflecting content
Reinforcement (behavior)
Reflecting feelings
Family background exploration
Test and inventory interpretation
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CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS:
KNOWLEDGE OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS
Norms – Scores that are typical of a population –
usually presented in
Reliability – Dependable and consistent; scores taken
on two forms of a
Validity – The test measures what it is supposed to
measure
rcentiles
st should be similar
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Three Features of Tests and Inventories
1. Selection (norms, reliability, validity, theoretical concepts))
2. Administration (test manuals/procedures)
3. Interpretation (counselors knowledge of client and the instrument)
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OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
Common Sources:
Occupational Outlook Handbook
Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance
Occtalk – Talk about occupations
Psychtalk – Talk about self
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CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS:
KNOWLEDGE OF OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
Knowledge of work
Knowledge of occupational classification systems
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GOALS OF CAREER COUNSELING
EXPLICIT – Counselor and client agree on goals
Implicit – Assumptions about goals made by the counselor
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TWO TYPES OF THEORIES
Longitudinal
Age
Life Span Theories
Relational Theories
Cross sectional
Trait and Factor
Decision-Making
Social Learning Social Cognitive
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ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
Autonomy – Respect that clients make their own decisions
Nonmalficence – Do no harm
Beneficence – Help clients by promoting health and well-being
Justice – Fairness in dealing with clients and other
professionals
Fidelity – Honoring commitments to clients, colleagues, and
students
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Chapter 2
TRAIT AND FACTOR THEORY
Step 1:
Gaining self-understanding
Step 2:
Obtaining knowledge about the world of work
Step 3:
Integrating information about self
(Step 1)
and the world of work
(Step 2)
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Chapter 2
Self Understanding - Tests
Aptitude Tests (future)
Ability Tests (current)
Achievement Tests (past)
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GAINING SELF-UNDERSTANDING
Step 1:
Aptitudes
Interests
Scholastic Assessment Tests
Kuder Career Search
ACT Tests
Strong Interest Inventory
Differential Aptitude Tests
General Aptitude Test Battery
California Occupational
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test
Preference Survey
Achievement
Values
Specific Occupations
Study of Values
Super’s Work Values – revised
Personality
California Psychological
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16 Personality Factors
Inventory
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OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE WORLD OF WORK
Step 2:
Types of Occupational Information
Description
Qualification
Education
Working conditions
Salary
Employment outlook
Advancement
Similar careers
Information for women and minorities
Brief examples
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CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Step 2:
Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT)
Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
Standard Occupational Classification Manual (SOC)
Enhanced Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE)
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INTEGRATING INFORMATION ABOUT
SELF AND THE WORLD OF WORK
Step 3:
Compare test and occupational information
Compare interview and occupational information
Computer programs (such as SIGI3 and DISCOVER) include all
three steps
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What about a Resume?
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