Quick study academic chemistry periodic table advanced 600dpi

1

c::::::::J Atomic Number: Number of protons
[:=:J

ALKALI
METALS

ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS

Atomic Weight: Weighted average of atomic masses of natural isotopes
••" - mass number of the most stable isotope for each radioactive element

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ISBN-13 : 978-157222542-8
ISBN-10: 157222542-4

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REFERENCE: CRC Handbook of Chemislry
Z
and Physics' 81s1 edition. 2000·200t
_
CONTENT ADVISOR : Mark Jackson . PhD
~
Chemistry Professor· Florida Atlantic University
DESIGN I LAYOUT: John Ford. CEO

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1 CUllome. Holli n.' 1.800.230.9522


I
~

Electronegativity:

L-.-J Pauling scale; measures ability of atom
to aUract electrons in a chemical bond
Atomic Radius:
Given in "pm"; 1 pm = 1xlO " m
Ionic Radius:
Given in "pm"; 1 pm = lxl0 '· m
Electron Affinity:
Energy released in the formation of an
anion ; given in '·eV"
1st Ionization Potential:
Energy required to remove one electron,
forming a cation; given in "eV"


.


~Ii:d-=- kt.;;>l"' waW1.r

Physica I Properties
-

NATURAL FORM

H2
go.

LI

Be

"'" Mg
Na
h"

boc

D solid - for solid, most stable crystal form
Dliquid
Dgas

he,

"'" Sr
Rb
Ic<;

he,

he,

Ic<;

he,

bee

!xx

"'" Ba La Hf Ta
Cs
he,

"'"
"'"
Fr Ra Ac
"'" 'cc
cubic

'H;
0.90
Li
134.7

ga'

SI

P

0"

'

Be
308.'
1287

136.8

,,""

on""

foe

mom

"'"

he,

Icc

Hg TI Pb BI Po """"
At Rn

.... "'" ''''
Ir Pt Au
"" ""

Re Os

b«

he,

!xx

he,

he,

le<

onho

he,

liquid

gao

12

Xe
ga,

he,

,ot",

let",

mom

he,

liQuid

he,

I«

mom

""'"

-

he,

toe

...

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Oy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu
he,

he,

Th Pa

U

I«

0_
Np
he,

mom

!xx

he,

he,

he,

he,

he,

he,
on...
mono he,
bee _ BODY-CENTERED CUBIC;
ortho ORTHOHOMBIC;
tetra = TETRAGONAL mono MONOCLINtC
'&lra

=
=

.

he,

he,

he,

-

-

kJ/mole
Gas
.1Hvap at boiling point

,...

C N2 O2 F2 Ne

711.0

557

6.82

."

171

SI P S CI 2 Ar

3830 12.40 45.0 20.41 843
Ge As Se Br2 Kr
3340 31.9 95.-48 2996 9.08
Sn Sb Te 12 Xe
290.

67.9

1141

4157

1257

Pb BI Po At Rn
179.5

151.0

1010

-

18.1

Ho Er Tm Vb Lu
2930 2·i7.0 159.0 428.0
Es Fm Md No Lr

251.0

133.0

-

-

-

LI

3.58
He

Be

"'.
Mg

B C N2 O F2
50.2 117 0.71 0.442 0.51
AI Si P S CI 2
1071 5021
0.66 172 .Cr Mn Fe Co NI Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2
210 12.91 138 1 16 .2 17.48 13.26 732 5.59 36.94 24.44 '.69 10.57
Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te 12
3748 33 29 38.59 26.59 16.74 11.30
6.19
3.28 7.03 19.87 17.49 1552
W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At

5231 60.43 57.85 41.12 22.17 12 S5 22. 4.14 477 11.3 -

1.02
Ca Sc TI V
0.76
0." 0 .57 0.52 0.48
Rb Sr V Zr Nb
038 0.30 030 0.28 021
Cs Be La Hf Ta
02.
020 020 014 01'
Fr Ra Ac
Cs
012
01.
1.23

K

Cr Mn Fe
045 0.48 'U5
Mo Tc Ru
0...
0.24
W Re Os
0. 13

0 .14

0. 13

Co
0.42
Rh
02'
Ir
0.13

NI Cu
0.44
0.30
Pd Ag
025 024
Pt Au
013 013

11.7

20.2

19.1

15.4

19.7

13.6

13.5

14.8

2.33

l.tll

-

.

Ne
0.33
Ar
1.18

Kr
1.64
Xe
227
Rn
2.89

B
103
AI
090
Zn Ga
039 0 .37
Cd In
023 0.23

Hg TI
01. 01.

He
5.1 9

C ~ O2
l.tM
082
SI P S
071 077 0.7 1
Ge As Se
0.32
033 0.32
Sn Sb Te
023
021 020
Pb BI Po
0 .71

0 .13

0 .12

-

F2 He
0.82 1.03
C~ Ar
048 062

Br2 Kr
023 025
12 Xe
0.1 5
016
At Rn

-

000

Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu
010 0.19 - 0.20 0.18 024 Ote 0 .11 0. 17 017 0.16 0.16 0 .15
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
011 - 0 .12
- - - - - - - -

'12 1

' 1.78

5.72
5.32
' .80 3.1 2 ''373
In Sn Sb Te 12 Xe
Ul
7,26
668 6.24 4. 92 '5.89
TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

5.91

11 .8

11.3

9.79

"

-

-

-

'9.73

Dy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu
8.55
8.80 9.07 9.32 690 9.84
Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

-

-

-

­

LI

1342
Na
883
K
759
Rb
688
Cs

r­

Be

°e

2471

Mg
1090
Ca
'484
Sr
1382
Ba

He
~269

and 1atm; Liquid· • Gas
sp = sublimation point

B

C N2 O2 F2 Ne

AI

""""
Si

2519

3265

4000

~196

P
280
Fe Co NI Cu Zn Ga Ge As
2861
2927
291:1
2562
907 ,,204 28:1.1 603",
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb

41 50
3695 2963 2162 767 2072 2602 1587
Os Ir pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi
5012
4428
3825
2856 357 1473 1749 1564

Sc TI V Cr Mn
2836 3287 3407 2671
2061
V Zr Nb Mo Tc
3345 4409 4744 4639 4265
La Hf Ta W Re
1897
'603 5458 5555 5596
'"Fr Ra 3464
Ac
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Oy Ho Er
­
3198
3443 3520
3074 3000 1794 1529 3273 3230 2567 2700 2868
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm
4788
41 31
3228
2011
3100 - -

Li

181
Na
98
K
64
Rb
39
Cs

Be

°e

1287

Mg
650
Ca Sc Ti V
842 1541 1668 1910
Sr V Zr Nb
777
1522
1855 2m
Ba La Hf Ta
28
727
918 2233 3017
Fr Ra Ac

Ce
27
700 1051
798
Th
1750

r­

Cr Mn Fe Co
1907 1246 1538 1495
Mo Tc Ru Rh
2157
2334 1964
262'
W Re Os Ir
3422 3186 3033 24"
Pr Nd Pm Sm
931 1021 1042 1074
Pa U Np Pu
1572
1135
644 640

42Q

~39

5650
V Zr

165

La
39

Ac

<0.001 -
Hf

3

962

-108

-

1.41

·62

Tm Vb Lu
1950 11 96 3402
Md No Lr

-

­

-

C N2 O2 F2 Ne
-219
·210

2201p

·249

Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr
-I S7Ip
30 939 81 7tp 221
In Sn Sb Te 12 Xe
157 232 63\ .50 '" - 11 21p
TI Pb Bi Po At Rn
304
328 271 254 302 71
~7

~

'He
0002

B

C N2 O2 F2 He
196 ...0 .001 0003

<0 001 <000 1
AI SI P S CI2 Ar
I·,g 0002 0003 <0.001 «l001
2.37
Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr
0.41
0.60 0.50 0 .02 0.001 <0 001
In Sn Sb Te 12 Xe
0.82 0.67 0.24 003 0004
TI Pb Bi Po At Rn
0.48 0.35 0 08 020 002 <0001
0 27

1.56

K Ca Sc n V Cr
1.03 2.01 0.16 022 0.31 0.04
Rb Sr V Zr Nb Mo
0.58
0.35 0.17 0.23 0.54 1.38
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W
0.36
0.13
0.23
O.'S
0." 1.74
Fr Ra Ac
Ce Pr
- - -

Mn Fe Co NI Cu
0.80 1.00 091 4.01
0.00
Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag
0.51
1.17
1.50 on 4.29
Re Os Ir Pt Au
,
0.48
0." .7 0.72
Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd
~ .17

Zn
1.16

Cd
0.97
Hg
0.08

~ OOOI

Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu
0.1 4
0.13
0.11
0.11
0.1 5

0.1 3
0.10
0.16
0.15
0.17
039 016
0.17
0.11
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
- ­
0." - 028 0 .06 0 .07 - - -

B

C

10

200

AI SI
82300

22

' 84

Po At Rn

Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu

822 1313 1356 14 12 1474 1529 1545 819 ' 663
Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
1527
1176
1345
1050
900
860
827
827 1627

W/(cm K) (at 25°C and 1atm, W = watt)

LI Be
0.85 2.00
Na Mg

mg of element per kg of crust

33

~'86

Si P S CI 2 Ar
r..., 1414
4. 120 -102 · 189

'He
0000

n

988

~ 34

AI

Ni Cu Zn
1455 1085
Pd Ag Cd
1555
962 321
Pt Au Hg
1768 106.

1400

Sc

S CI 2 Ar
.45
Se Br2 Kr
685 59 -153
Te 12 Xe

-

B

2075 4492tp

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

H2
0.002

-246

'He

and 1atm; Solid <-> Liquid
tp = triple point

Ii
LI Be
20
28
Na Mg
23600 23300
K Ca
20900 41500
Rb Sr
90
370
Cs Ba
3 425
Fr Ra

~'83

~ 188

MELTING POINT

ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE IN THE EARTH'S CRUST

1. Oxygen
2 . Silicon
3. Aluminum
4. Iron
5. Calcium
6. Sodium
7. Magnesium
8. Potassium
9. Titanium
10. Hydrogen

2.07

Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr

BOILING POINT

-259

kJ/mole
Liquid
6.H fus at melting point

J/(g K) (at 25°C and 1atm)

13_3

He
'H;
-

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

H2

2.70

Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
K Ca
,,. Sc
0.B9
2.99 4.51 6.0 7.15 7.3 7.87 8.86 890 8.96 "4
Rb Sr V Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
1.53 2.64 4.47 6.52 8.57 10.2 11 12.1 12.4 12.0 10.5 8,69
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg
1.93
3.62
6.15
16.4
19.3
20.8
22.6
22.5

215 19,3 13.53
Fr Ra Ac
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb
5.0 10.0
6.77
6.77
7.26
7.01
7.52
5.24
7.90 8.23
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk

-253

-

14.30

174

He
'H;
0.08

Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Oy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu
6.89
7.14
8.62 9 .21 10_0 10.15 11.06 17.0 19.9 1684 7.66 220
77

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
13 .81
1234 9. 14 3.20 282 14.39 15.0
-

r-

C N2 O2 F2 Ne
2 .34
'125
'1.43 '1 70
2.26
'.90
AI Si P S CI 2 Ar

-=

.".

Be
7.9
Solid ..
Mg
8.48
Ca Sc TI V
' 54 14.10 14.15 215
Sr V Zr Nb
11.4
00.0
2 .19

7.43
21.0
Cs Ba La Hf Ta
36.57
8.20
7.12
27.2
209
Fr Ra Ac
Ce
715 14.2
5.46

-

-

'.1 79

B

o

.85

0.53

Na Mg
0.97

He

D Solid, liquid: g/cm' (20°C and 1atm)
gas: g/Iiter (OOe and 1atm)

Be

Li

Icc _ FACE-CENTERED CUBIC;

rhom = RHOMBOHEDRAL;

unknown


B
480 0
Liquid
AI
References: CRG: The Elements, 3rd ed., J . Emsley. 1998
2940
Sc TI V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
:lOS 0 429.0
348.' 219.7 3510 382' 371.8 3046 115.5 2540
V Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In
393.0 581.6 696.6 594 , 585.0 567.8 -495.-4 393.0 255.1 99.87 226 •
La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI
." , 7531 7991 707.1 6276 563.' 510.5 324.0 59.11 162.1
Ac

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy
418.0
314.0 333.0 284 0
- 192.0 176.0 312..0 3910 mo
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf
387.0 3100 196.0
543.9 4810 4230 3370 3440

Li
3.00
Na
260
K
2.33
Rb

he,

Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

ENTHALPY OF FUSION

Ii;012

ga'

,.. ,..

S CI 2 Ar

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION

K Ca
77.5 1500
Rb Sr
692
1390
Cs Ba
65.8 140.0
Fr Ra

-

he,

he,

b
"'" W
"'"

=SIMPLE CUBIC;""
hex =HEXAGONAL;

Na Mg
89.04

h..

AI

"'" Sb Te
"'" Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
V Zr Nb Mo
he,

.

mom

"" As Se Br2 Kr
Cr Mn Fe Co NI Cu Zn Ga Ge

V

DENSITY

089'

C N2 O2 F2 Ne

Ie<;

K Ca Sc n

He
,.. 'H;

B

V Cr Mn Fe
120 102 950 56300
Nb Mo Tc Ru
20
0.001
" ...Ta W
Re Os
2 1.3 <0.001 0.002
Ce Pr Nd Pm
66.5
92 41.5 <0 .001
Th Pa U Np
9.' <0.00 1 27

Co Ni Cu Zn Ga """'"
Ge
25
84 60 70
1.5
"
Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
0.00 1

Ir

00 15

0.075

0.15

0.25

23

..

Au Hg TI Pb
0.005 0004 0085 085

N
19

P
1050
As
1.8
Sb
02
BI
0009

F Ne
58S
0905
CI Ar
350
"5 35
Se Br Kr

oos 2.4 <0001
Te I Xe
0

..,000

S

0.001

0 .45

...000 1

Po At Rn
0.00 1
<0.001 <000' <0001
Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu
7.05 2.0 '2 12 52 t3 35 0.52 3.2 0.8

Pu Am .,..._.
No Lr

.,..... Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md .,.....

-
...-

Pt

.-~

.......

-_. -- ..-

-­


~

1.~t..~I4"fill

Chemical Properties & Common Uses

M

=Generic symbol for element in compound; E =Element raw material form;

=Alloy, blend or mixture;

A

C

=Compound;

Bold

=Most Important Use

=~~s--~c~e.~I~um~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------------~~--~~~--------------~~,,~~--------------_iti ~~~~,

_

~~~~~';ak.r

Li

3a

E
Batteries
acids: metal hydrides H(1-)
A - Lubricant additive, alloys used in spac E - Rocket fuel, hydrogenation of taCs
C - Glass & harmaceuticals
E - Petroteum desulUrization, ¥ , ammonia

E - Streetlights A - Nuclear reactor
coolant, batteries C - Salt , soda, lass

: - Photoelectric cells
: - Atomic clocks , infrared lam s

Barium

Be

, - Sparkplugs , vacuum lubes
; - Fireworks , flourescent lam 5

Beryllium

Metal' com

La Lanthanum

MAJOR NATURAL ISOTOPES
WITti % OF OCCURRENCE

I

Isotopes have the same number of protons,
but different numbers of neutrons.
Isotopes not listed are radioactive or synthetic.

Metal' com

-If

Hafnium

:. - Nuclear submarines
:. • Controls nuclear reaci ors
:: - Gas scave
r In vacuum tubes

:;

Metal' com

fa

:: - Condensers
), - Weights , cutting tools

A - Cutting tools. pipelines
A - Super magnets, welding rods

electrodes

1\ - Oven filaments, e lectrodes, jewelry
1\ - Plating, thermocouples

71 - 39.9%

91 - 11.2%

49 - 5.5%
SO- 5.4%

Ge

94 - 17.4%


V

73 - 7.7%

Nb

50 - 0.3%

74 - 35.9%

93 - 100%

51 - 99.7%

78 - 7.4%

7.5%
92.5%

9-

48 - 73.8%

SI
28·92.2%

Cr
50
52
53
54

B
E - Radiation source for medical

research

S

C

33 - 0.8%
34 - 4.2%

12 - 98.9"/"
13- 1.1%

Osmium
14 - 99.63%
15- 0 .37%

Metal"com

o

Iridium

:: - Cancer irradiation
1\ - Hypodermic needles, helicopter spark
lu s, standard one-meter bar

16 - 99 .8%
18- 0.2%

10

F

36 - 0. 3%

40 - 99.6%

Ne

Ca

142 - 27 .1%
143 - 12.2%

122 - 4.6%
124 - 5.8%

144 - 23.8%
145 - 8 .3%

95 - 15.9%

150 - 5 .60-<..

55 - 100%

78 - 23.8%

Tc .,-

Te

93 - synthetic

122 - 2.6%

80 - 49.6%

Fe

82 -

54 - 5.9"/..

8.7%

Br

Ru

57-

79 - 50.7%
81 - 49.3%

96 - 5.5%
98- 1.9%
99 - 12 .7%

2.1 %

Co

60 - 26.2%
61 - 1.1%
62 ­ 3.6%

83 · 11 .5%
84 - 57.0%
86 -17.3%

Rb

Cu

87 - 27 .8%

85 - 72 .2%
63 - 69.2%

Na

Sc

64 - 48.6%
66 - 27.9%
67 - 4.1%

23 · 100%

45 - 100%

68 - 18.8%

Sr
86 87 -

9.9'Yo
7.0%

0.9%

126 - 18.9%
128 - 31.7'Yg
130 - 33.9%

152 - 26.7%

127 - 100%
151 - 47.801"

128 - 1.9%

129 - 26.4%
130- 4.1%

102 - 1.02%
104 -11 .1 %
105 - 22.3%

13 1 - 21.2%

106 - 27 .3%

132 - 26. 9%

108 - 26. 5%

134 - 10.4%

110-11 .7%

136 ·

8 . 9~o

107 - 51 .8%
109 - 48.2'%

153 - 52.2%

133 - 100%

rl

Thallium

AI

Aluminum

metalloid

154
155
156
157
158

- 2 .2%
- 148%
- 20 ,5%
- 15.7%
- 24.8%

Tb

:: - Thennometer filling
C- Insecticides, infrared detectors
~ - Heart muscle research

E - Solar cel1s, mirrors
A - Regulator in nuclear power
C - Photo cells, transistors
C - Blood and lung research

E - Window frames, doorknobs, tube

E - Quartz thermometers
C - Computer memory, transistors, lasers E - Cable , foil, fireworks, flashbulbs

C - Laser diodes, used to tocate tumors A - Cars, rockets, planes

161 -

C - Tennis rackets, regulator in nuclear plants. heat resist­
ant glass, eye disinfectant

'=:4.;...-:-=...:.:M::;e::;t::8:.:1.1.·..:c:.:o:.:m~;;:'::;';::::":::;':'::"":'==:";=.:.:.:i~:;=::r;~=~~:,L,,,......_===.....,=-:-==,......__.....,==.,,,...~C gi~.4-1 carbonate C03(2-1

Pb

Si

Lead

£ - Radiation

protection
~ - Batteries. roof coverings , solders
~ - Ammunition C - Gas additives

A - Cups, plates, coins, organ pipes
C - Opalescent glass, enamel

~:1~~~s Si0 4 (-4) sila=(~~ld
hydrides) Si(4-) silicides silicic

acid H4Si04
E - Infrared prisms, reflector in projectors E - Microchips, solar cel1s C - Tools
E - Wide angle lenses A - Dentistry

C - Quartz, cement, glass, grease, oils

:=:.

A - SoM1er. bearings, lead batteries
C - Mascara , Infrared detectors

phosphate (P04(-3)
phosphoric acid H3P04

C - Glass. lasers

C-

Light~mmrtlng dJodes=LED

E - Fireworks, matches C - Pesticides
C - Fertilizer, detergents , toothpaste

E - Cryogenic surgery, ltquid coo&8nt, ammonia prodUction

C - Rocket fuel

Solid' com

="---::P"'O"'IOnl'
"' -U=-m':;.-i:
.•=L..";;;=.;.;o,",,,=;'==~E:'-'-";";'=-'-"::"';'==-:-TS=-e---:Se=Ie-n-:-IU--m--------------rS=---::-s
suu-.I \':"ldu-~-S-(2--I-su-Il
- a-te-S-0-4-(-2-I

_ -SU-II-ile-S-0-3-(2---1--'-O""Ii'"'d-t
Se lenides Se(2-)

~~:~~a~rs~g4(2)

~~~~~I~utiju~~~~6~~i~~\;u~~ ~2sS~~ tor an 0 )

E - light meters, copy machines, solar cefts E - Matches, fireworks, batteries, vulcanization of rubber
C - Anti-dandruff shampoo
C - Permanent wave lot ion

0

Oxygen 0(2-,1-1
~~~~d~~o{~_) (2-)

02

;. A. C - Seldom found in nature

Radon .-

E - Disinfectant, halogen lamps
C - Ink pigments, salt additive

Xe

Xenon

Br2 liquid

CI2 ga.

~:~~~~~~:~ oxyf1uorides-

E - Auoreacent, flashbulbs
E - UV lasers, wavelength standard

E - Light bulbs. gas-discharge tubes, lasers E - Neon lights, fog lamps, TV tubes
E - Geiger counters, welding blanket gas E - lasers, v~ge detectors

Argon

Ne

Neon

164 - 28 .2%


166
167
168
170

198 - 10.0"
199 - 16.r'

200 - 23.1

TI
203 - 29.5%
205 - 70.5'

Pb
206 - 24.1%
207 - 22.1%
208 - 52 .4%

209 - 100%

At

...
...

210 - 100%

Rn

...

222 · 100%

-

33.6%
23.QGfo
26.8%
14 .9%

Fr

....

223 - 100%

Ra

••-

226 - 100"1"

Tm
169 - 100%

Th

Vb
172
173
174
176

E - Combustion, sleel production
E - Water purification
C - Sand, water, cement

C - Fire retardants, disinfectant

C - Photographic film, tear gas

197 - 1000'0

Po

4••

232 - 100%

171 - 14.3%


hydroxide 3 H(I -)

chlorite CI02(1-) hypochlonte CIO(1-)
perchlorale CI04(1 -) acid: hydrochloric HCI,
C - Toothpaste additives, teflon
perchl.o.ric HCI04 , chloric HCI03
C - Uranium enrichment
E - Water pUrification
C - Bleach, hydrochloric acid , PVC plastics, stain removers C - Refrigerator coolants

~?t~~ compounds

- Earthquake prediction, health threat in E - UV lamps, sun lamps, electronic
bliItongarite
flashes, projection tamps, paint testers

CI ~~~~~':CI(I-) chtorate CI03(1-)

ga.

Au

170 · 3 1%


;;--;'--;;::;=::'7~""'=~~~;-T:F'i:'.::::==;;';"=,",-..LI.-77.:'~r=;'-";iB=ro::m::in::e:---''';';'''---;;:--;;:::::::;r::...--;",",:::::::---------------------;:::-::::-1 F ~~U;:(\-) acid: HF
acid: HBr
bromides Br(I-)
bromate Br03 (1-)

N2 -

7.2%

209 - 100'\.


164- 1.6%

N2~2-)

195 - 33.811:"
198 -

162 - 25 .5%

Er

azide N 3.(1-) diimide
amide NH2(1-)
acid: mlnc HN03 nitrous HN02

194-329%
196 -25.3%

163 - 24.9"1"

165 - 100%

E - Pencils. diamonds, steel, controls nuclear reaction
E - Tire colorant
C - Plastics, life

if;....,;l:':::::::::=-==L..,,;;;=';';O=,.~i"'-""i==:;;..;.=.....--------r.~--;::::;::-------------"T.;;--;;;;:::::::::::::::------------; N ~~I; ammomum NH4(1 +1
As
(3-)
p ~==-)
~r.%,~~g~j~))n~::·NN~f~~i~s _ NOx
E _ Shotgun pellets
A _ Metal for mirrors

1 8 . 9~0

Ho

bICarbonate HC03(1-), acetate C2 H30 2(l-)
oxalate C20 4(2-), carbides (4-)

19 1- 37_3%

193 · 62.7%

Bi

160 - 2 _3%

tetraborates B4D](2-), boranes. borides

Ir

204 - 1.4 0 '0

Oy

compounds: borates (804. B031

189 · 16.1%
190 - 26.4%
192 - 41.0%

202 - 29.9"",
204 - 6.9%

Gd

159 - t oo%

~13;-==,..;M=e:.:t=a:.iI·~c::;o=m==r.==-;=:;:::;.,.==:.:..====;.:::---:;:l.;;:':";::':;';.,L._____T"":'-:--:--:-==_ _ _ _ _--1B :(;~+.3-1

186 - 1.60/0
187 - 1.6 0 ..
188 - 13.3%

201 - 13.2°...

t 60 - 2 1.9%

Cs

Os

Hg

Eu

Xe

Pd

Ag

89- 100%

148 - 11 .3%
149 - 13.8%
ISO - 7.4%
154 - 22.7%

88 - 82.6%

V

144 - 3.1 %
147 - 15.0"'"

104 - 18.6%

Rh

Re
185 - 37.4 °~
187 - 62.6%

pt

Sm

102 - 31.6%

103 - 100%

64 - 0.9%

65 - 30.8%

~

101 - 17. 1%

80 - 2. 3%
82- 11 .6%

58·68.1 %

145 - synthotic

124 ­ 4.8%
125 - 7.1%

tOO - 12.6%

Kr

Ni

Pm ~..-

123

56 - 91.7%

Zn

22 - 9.3%

Nd

123 - 42.6%

40 - 96.9%
42 - 0.7%
44- 2.1%

20 - 90.5%
2 1 - 0.3%

141 - 100%

98 - 24.1 %
100 - 9.6%

K
41 - 6.7%

Pr


74 - 0. 9%
76 - 9.4%
77 - 7 .6%

39 - 93.3%

19 - 100%

118 - 24 .2%
119 - 8.6%

120 - 32.6%

94 - 9.3%

75 - 100%

183 - 14.3%
184 - 30.7%
186 - 28.6%

112 - 1.0%
116-14.5%
117 - 7 .7%

92 - 14.8%

180 - 0.01 %
181 · 99.99"'0

182 - 26.3<¥o

140 - 88.4%
142- 11 .1%

Sn

Mo

180 - 35.1 %

W

Ce

Mn

59 - 100%

Ar

113- 4. 3%
115 - 95 .7%

96 - 2.8%

70 - 21. 2%
72 - 27 .7%

138 - 0.1 %

139 - 99 .9%


In


178 - 27.3%

179 - 13.6%

T8

La

121 - 57 .4%

CI
37 - 24 .2%

136 - 7. 9%
137 - ".2%
138 -7 1.7%

146 - 17.2%
148 - 5.801..

35 - 75 .8%

N

176 - 5.2%
177 · 18.6%

110-12.5%
111 - 12.8%
112 -24.1%
11 3- 12.2%
114 - 28 .7%
116 - 7 .5%

Sb

32 - 95.0%

A - Tools, axles, steel for rail switches
C - Safes, plows, batteries

92 - 17.2%

As
4.4%
83.8%
9.5%
2.4%

108 - 0.9%

96· 16.7%
97 - 9.6%

31 - 100%

10 - 19.9%
11 - 80.1 %

-

Hf

134 - 2 .4%

135 - 6.6%

Se

100%

P

Metal' com

9

AI

29 - 4.7%
30 - 3.1 %

Be

1\ - Fountain pen points, compass
1eedles, clock bearin s, decorations

Ir

90 - 51.5%

67 -

Metal' com

Os

Zr

69 -60.1%

Li

:; - Cutting & boring tools

B

Ga

46 - 8.0%
47 - 7. 3%

27 - 100%

W ~~~~~enW04(2-)

7

Ti

24 - 79.0%
25 - 10.0%

4- -100%

E - Construction mate rials, tools
E - Springs , jet engines

Metal' com

~ ~ ~er=' TV, wekiing

Mg

1 - 99.98%
2 - 0 .02%

He

:. - Vacuum tube filaments

5

H

26- 11.0%

Tantal um

Ba

106 - 0. 9%

Cd

E - X-ray tube windows
A - Watch s rin 5, 5 arkfree tools

F2

gas

-

21 .9%
16.1 %

31.8%
12.7%

Lu
175 - 97 4%

176 - 2.6%

He E ~~s, blimps. _rs

Pa

••­

231 · 1()()"<,

U

~A-

235 - 0.7%

238 - 99.3%
Elements>
1192 are
syntheUc and
radioactIve

E - Diving bell atmosphere. leak detectors
E - Nl.dear power plant coolant