Test bank for exploring management 3rd edition schermerhorn

Test Bank for Exploring Management 3rd Edition
Schermerhorn
Multiple Choice Questions

One of the principles of scientific management is __________.
1.

a) understanding human needs

2.

b) flexible time off

3.

c) training and motivating workers

4.

d) cross functional teams

Theory __________ assumes people are willing to work, accept

responsibility, and are self-directed.
1.

a) Y

2.

b) Z

3.

c) X

4.

d) A

The __________is the tendency of persons singled out for special

attention to perform as expected.
1.

a) management of participative measures

2.

b) management of scientific alternatives

3.

c) Hawthorne effect

4.

d) theory of Y management


If Weber were able to see today’s bureaucracies in action, he would most

likely be:
1.

a) pleased.

2.

b) disappointed.

3.

c) indifferent.

4.

d) optimistic.

From the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following

needs is considered to be the most important?
1.

a) Safety

2.

b) Social

3.

c) Self-actualization

4.

d) Physiological

Millennials consist of those born between __________.
1.

a) 1950-1960

2.

b) 1961-1972

3.

c) 1983-1981

4.

d) 1982-1996


The individual considered by many to be a prophet of today’s

management style is __________.*
1.

a) Frederick Taylor

2.

b) Mary Parker Follett

3.

c) Max Weber

4.

d) Abraham Maslow

According to Maslow, which of the following is in the highest “need”

category?
1.

a) Getting a date for the weekend

2.

b) Having a job you love, which also allows you to feel fulfilled

3.

c) Having enough money to pay rent

4.

d) Being accepted into a fraternity or sorority on campus

The term “Hawthorne Effect” was used to explain some of the important

findings of the Hawthorne studies. What does the term mean?*
1.

a) Productivity is determined by efficiency.

2.

b) Physical conditions of work are more important than social relationships.

3.

c) People given special attention tend to perform as expected.

4.

d) When jobs are designed scientifically, performance improves.


Modern management thinking would suggest that:
1.
2.

a) a “best” way to manage does exist.
b) the discovery of a workable process can be transferred to all other
organizations.

3.

c) once a process is perfected, it will not have to be changed.

4.

d) the best answer to what works “depends” on the situation.

5.

e) people are usually on the same page and they can be managed similarly.

Matching management practices with different situations is called

__________.
1.

a) classical management

2.

b) situational analysis

3.

c) contingency thinking

4.

d) administrative management

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous

improvement, product quality, and customer needs is called:
1.

a) a learning organization.

2.

b) operations management.

3.

c) management by objectives.

4.

d) total quality management.


Maslow’s progression principle states that __________.*
1.

a) all needs can be satisfied by everybody

2.

b) needs can be satisfied simultaneously

3.

c) activated needs are not important in human behavior

4.

d) needs must be satisfied sequentially beginning with the lowest

__________ originally developed the hierarchy of human needs

theory.
1.

a) Max Weber

2.

b) Frederick Taylor

3.

c) Abraham Maslow

4.

d) Douglas McGregor

Classical approaches to management include all of the following

EXCEPT:
1.

a) Weber’s bureaucratic organization.

2.

b) Fayol’s administrative principles.

3.

c) Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs.

4.

d) Taylor’s principles of scientific management.


The writings of Fayol are the basis for our modern understanding

of:
1.

a) the three managerial skill sets.

2.

b) the four functions of management.

3.

c) the key managerial roles.

4.

d) the four P’s of marketing.

5.

e) scientific management.

Two key elements of Weber’s bureaucracy were fairness and

__________.
1.

a) informality

2.

b) history

3.

c) participation

4.

d) efficiency

The Principles of Scientific Management was written in 1911 by

__________.*
1.

a) Abraham Maslow

2.

b) Frederick W. Taylor

3.

c) Philip Kotler

4.

d) Douglas McGregor


The five duties of management, according to Fayol, are foresight,

organization, command, coordination, and __________.
1.

a. insight

2.

b. analysis

3.

c. accountability

4.

d. control

Bert and John Jacobs, co-founders of the company Life is Good, suggests

that the message of the “Life is Good” brand is to:
1.

a) strive for perfectionism.

2.

b) decide to be happy today.

3.

c) be always on the lookout for that special person.

4.

d) strive for a big promotion.

The president of Sure Products Inc. wants his manufacturing manager to
clearly define the steps in the process, train the workers to efficiently do

their jobs, and financially reward them on the basis of performance. The

president is practicing __________.
1.

a) contingency thinking

2.

b) scientific management

3.

c) Theory Y’s beliefs

4.

d) learning organization principles


Which of the following is NOT a part of Max Weber’s bureaucracy?

*
1.

a) Division of labor

2.

b) Formal rules and procedures

3.

c) Employees’ personal needs

4.

d) Careers based on merit

Carefully designing jobs with efficient work methods is necessary to

__________ management.
1.

a) scientific

2.

b) behavioral

3.

c) contingency

4.

d) laissez-faire

__________ management emphasizes careful selection and training of

workers and supervisory support.
1.

a) Scientific

2.

b) Behavioral

3.

c) Contingency

4.

d) Autocratic


From the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following

needs occupies the highest pedestal in the hierarchy?
1.

a) Social

2.

b) Physiological

3.

c) Self-actualization

4.

d) Esteem

A(n) __________ is a physiological or psychological deficiency that a

person wants to satisfy.*
1.

a) wish

2.

b) need

3.

c) expense

4.

d) Hawthorne effect

Maslow’s __________ principle states that people act to satisfy unfulfilled

needs.*
1.

a) deficit

2.

b) desire

3.

c) want

4.

d) care


Which of the following management styles came first?
1.

a) Classical approach

2.

b) Humanistic perspective

3.

c) Learning organization

4.

d) None of the above

Which of the following can be described as the best management style?

*
1.

a) Classical

2.

b) Participative

3.

c) Administrative

4.

d) It depends on the situation

__________ involves always searching for new ways to improve work

quality and performance.
1.

a) Operations management

2.

b) Continuous improvement

3.

c) Quantitative analysis

4.

d) Operations research


Management science and __________ apply mathematical techniques to

solve management problems.
1.

a) behavior analysis

2.

b) contingency theory

3.

c) operations research

4.

d) participative management

According to Max Weber, a(n) ________ is a rational and efficient form of

organization based on logic, order, and legitimate authority.*
1.

a) learning organization

2.

b) adhocracy

3.

c) government agency

4.

d) bureaucracy

A(n) __________ transforms resource inputs from the environment into

product outputs.*
1.

a) administrative staff

2.

b) closed system

3.

c) open system

4.

d) contingency plan


Which of the following is NOT a part of Theory X?
1.

a) Employees like responsibility

2.

b) Workers are lazy

3.

c) Workers prefer to follow

4.

d) Employees like to work

The study of how organizations produce goods and services is called

__________.*

1.

a) marketing operations

2.

b) learning practice

3.

c) contingency practice

4.

d) operations management

One of the surprise findings in the Hawthorne studies was that

__________.
1.

a) productivity increased with changes in lighting

2.

b) productivity was influenced by group behavior

3.

c) an increase in wages always resulted in an increase in productivity

4.

d) All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a part of Theory Y?*
1.

a) Employees like work


2.

b) Employees want responsibility

3.

c) Employees are capable of self-control

4.

d) Employees are creative

5.

e) All of the above belong to theory Y

Chris Argyris’ beliefs, as presented in his book Personality and

Organization, are in disagreement with __________.

1.

a) Theory Y

2.

b) the Hawthorne studies

3.

c) the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory

4.

d) the management practices found in traditional organizations

A faculty member complains that her students are lazy, don’t really want
to be in school, and are very irresponsible in their studies. This faculty

member holds a __________ assumption.*
1.

a) Theory Y

2.

b) Theory X

3.

c) Theory A

4.

d) Theory B

Argyris would argue that high absenteeism and poor morale is likely due

to:*
1.

a) poorly designed tasks interfering with efficiency.

2.

b) a poorly defined hierarchy of authority.


3.

c) a mismatch between management practices and normal adult behavior.

4.

d) a lack of control and enforcement.

5.

e) the absence of managerially-defined plans and directions.

All of the following “modern” management ideas actually find their roots

in the writings of Mary Parker Follett EXCEPT:*
1.

a) employee ownership.

2.

b) profit sharing.

3.

c) gain-sharing plans.

4.

d) profit above all.

Based on the findings of the Hawthorne studies, as a manager you know

that:
1.

a) giving special attention to your employees will likely increase their performance.

2.

b) increasing the lighting of employees’ work area will increase their performance.

3.

c) improving the working conditions for your workers will increase their
performance.

4.

d) workers will not sacrifice pay just to keep coworkers happy.

5.

e) workers react consistently to work conditions and wages.

Theory X and Theory Y were developed by __________.
1.

a) Max Weber

2.

b) Frederick Taylor

3.

c) Chris Argyris


4.

d) Douglas McGregor

The Hawthorne studies:
1.

a) were poorly designed from a research perspective.

2.

b) provide weak empirical support for their conclusions.

3.

c) are criticized for generalizing their findings.

4.

d) represent a shift in research attention from technical to human concerns.

5.

e) All of the above are true about Hawthorne studies.

At which level of needs do Maslow’s progression principle and deficit

principle cease to exist?
1.

a) Physiological

2.

b) Self-actualization

3.

c) Safety

4.

d) Esteem

True - False Questions
Having a Theory X view of employees can actually encourage Theory X

behaviors in your employees.
1.

True

2.

False


Organizational learning is a never ending process of continuous

improvement.
1.

True

2.

False

The essence of Argyris’ work is that management practices should fit the

capabilities of the employees they are used to.
1.

True

2.

False

The work by Henri Fayol can help you understand the functions that you

must perform as the manager of a student organization.
1.

True

2.

False

Scientific management emphasizes creativity and risk taking.
1.

True

2.

False


Operations management is the study of how organizations produce goods

and services.
1.

True

2.

False

Follett argued that organizations are like communities, where managers
and employees should work together without a spirit of

domination.
1.

True

2.

False

In an ideal bureaucracy, workers are selected and promoted on ability and

performance.
1.

True

2.

False

Another way to look at the work by Argyris is that undesirable employee
behaviors may be as much a reflection of a poor management system as it

is a matter of poor employees.
1.

True

2.

False


The only goal of scientific management was to increase worker efficiency

for the benefit of the company.
1.

True

2.

False

Modern management accepts the fact that all techniques are contingent
upon the unique situation faced by each manager. In other words, there is

no one “best” way.
1.

True

2.

False

Weber was the first to understand that bureaucracies are inefficient forms

of organization that should be avoided.
1.

True

2.

False

Fayol’s management rule of coordination provides and mobilizes

resources to implement a plan.
1.

True

2.

False


Taylor’s scientific management sought efficiency in job

performance.
1.

True

2.

False

In the book Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell argues that great leaders are born,

not made.
1.

True

2.

False

Follett would say that the successful 21st-century executive must be an
inspiring leader who attracts talented people and motivates them in a

setting where everyone can do his or her best work.
1.

True

2.

False

The Hawthorne studies established a clear link between working

conditions and worker performance.
1.

True

2.

False


The reason that worker “human needs” are important to managers is that
these needs can cause tensions that may influence work attitudes and

behaviors.

1.

True

2.

False

Maslow believed that there was no order in which human needs were

fulfilled.
1.

True

2.

False


Free Text Questions
The belief that there is no one best way to manage was called __________.
Answer Given

contingency thinking

What were the Hawthorne studies about? Discuss their purpose, the
process, and the results.
Answer Given

The Hawthorne studies started in 1924 at the Hawthorne Works, a Western
Electric plant in Chicago, Illinois. The purpose of the Studies was to determine
how economic incentives and physical conditions affected the productivity of
workers. The process was one of isolating six employees, changing their
economic incentives and physical environment and measuring the effect that
these changes had on their productivity. The results were surprising in that the
changes had little or no affect on the isolated worker’s productivity. However, it
was determined that productivity was influenced by psychological factors such as
the group responding to the attention that they were getting, the expectations
placed on them and to peer pressure from group members. The studies were
terminated in 1932.

Following the scientific management era, management thinking moved to
include a(n) __________ perspective.
Answer Given

human resources or behavioral management

Scientific management is associated with the management scholar
__________.
Answer Given

Frederick Taylor

Why is it necessary for today’s organizations to embrace contingency
thinking?
Answer Given


With the dynamic, ever changing environment of complex relationships between

organizations, their internal members, and the external stakeholders, contingency
tells us there is no one best structure or set of processes.

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? Define each of them beginning with
the most basic.
Answer Given

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs beginning with the most basic are Physiological –The
need for food and shelter; Safety –The need for security, protection and stability;
Social – economic –The need for love, affection, and a sense of belonging in
one’s relationship with others; Esteem – The need for recognition, respect,
prestige, and self esteem; Self-actualization –The need for self-fulfillment and to
use one’s abilities to the fullest and most creative extent.

__________ is the systemic use and analysis of data to solve problems
and make informed decisions.
Answer Given

Analytics

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous
improvement, product quality, and customer needs is called __________.
Answer Given

total quality management

The __________ is an organizational form known for its clear division of
labor, structure, hierarchy of authority, and formalized rules and
procedures.
Answer Given

bureaucracy

McGregor’s work focuses on opposing views of human nature, a positive
view known as __________ and a negative view known as __________.
Answer Given

Theory Y, Theory X (in this order!)


The __________ studies at the Western Electric Company in Chicago
demonstrated the influence of manager treatment of employees on
employee performance.
Answer Given

Hawthorne

Compare the scientific management and the behavioral management
approaches. Which is best?
Answer Given

Scientific management focuses on the interaction of workers and work processes
to produce more efficient outcomes, while behavioral management focuses on the
experience of workers and the response of workers to various management
systems. Neither is “best.” Both perspectives are needed to function effectively in
today’s complex environment.

Discuss and compare McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y.
Answer Given

McGregor, in an attempt to convince managers to pay more attention to the social
and self-actualization needs of employees, postulated that there were two
opposing views of human nature; Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X assumes that
people dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible and prefer to be led. Theory Y
assumes that people want to work, accept responsibility, are self-directed and are
creative. McGregor further believed that these two assumptions were self-fulfilling
prophecies in the sense that people will behave as you expect them to do. Theory
X managers were thought to have a “command and control” style. Theory Y
managers were thought to have a more participative style.

__________ is considered a prophet of management and one of the most
important American women in the fields of civics and sociology.
Answer Given

Mary Parker Follett

The highest order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is __________.
Answer Given


self-actualization

The study of how organizations produce goods and services is called
__________. Ans: operations management
Answer Given

A(n) __________ consistently achieves excellence while creating a highquality work environment.
Answer Given

high-performance organization

________ is the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical
motions.
Answer Given

Motion study