Test bank for exploring management 4th edition schermerhorn

Test Bank for Exploring Management 4th Edition
Schermerhorn
Millennials are individuals born between what years?
1.

a) 1950-1960

2.

b) 1982-1996

3.

c) 1940-1949

4.

d) 1961-1972

Carefully designing jobs with efficient work methods is necessary to
__________ management.
1.

a) scientific

2.

b) behavioral

3.

c) contingency

4.

d) laissez-faire

If your roommate asks you to identify the best management style, what
would you say?
1.

a) Classical

2.

b) Participative

3.

c) Administrative

4.

d) It depends on the situation

As a high school teacher, Julie has always felt that her students are lazy,
don’t really want to be in school, and are very irresponsible in their
studies. Julie holds a __________ assumption.
1.

a) Theory Y

2.

b) Theory B

3.

c) Theory A


4.

d) Theory X

Which of these principles, according to Maslow, states that people act to
satisfy unfulfilled needs?
1.

a) Deficit

2.

b) Progression

3.

c) Regression

4.

d) Care

Which of these explains the study of how organizations produce goods
and services?
1.

a) Marketing operations

2.

b) Operations management

3.

c) Contingency practice

4.

d) Learning practice

The writings of Fayol are the basis for our modern understanding of:
1.

a) the three managerial skill sets.

2.

b) the four functions of management.

3.

c) the key managerial roles.

4.

d) the four P’s of marketing.

5.

e) scientific management.

Theory __________ assumes people are willing to work, accept
responsibility, and are self-directed.
1.

a) Y

2.

b) Z

3.

c) X

4.

d) A

From Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following needs is
considered to be the most basic?
1.

a) Safety

2.

b) Social

3.

c) Self-actualization

4.

d) Physiological

Which of these is one of the principles of scientific management?
1.

a) Understanding human needs

2.

b) Flexible time off

3.

c) Training and motivating workers

4.

d) Cross functional teams

Theory X and Theory Y were developed by __________.
1.

a) Max Weber

2.

b) Frederick Taylor

3.

c) Chris Argyris

4.

d) Douglas McGregor

Which of these describes a physiological or psychological deficiency that
a person wants to satisfy?
1.

a) Wish

2.

b) Expense

3.

c) Need

4.

d) Hawthorne effect

The term “Hawthorne Effect” was used to explain some of the important
findings of the Hawthorne studies. What does the term mean?
1.

a) Productivity is determined by efficiency.


2.

b) Physical conditions of work are more important than social relationships.

3.

c) When jobs are designed scientifically, performance improves.

4.

d) People given special attention tend to perform as expected.

Which management researcher is considered as a prophet of today’s

management style?
1.

a) Taylor

2.

b) Weber

3.

c) Follett

4.

d) Maslow

Management science and __________ apply mathematical techniques to
solve management problems.
1.

a) behavior analysis

2.

b) contingency theory

3.

c) operations research

4.

d) participative management

The writings of Mary Parker Follett have influenced all but which of the
following “modern” management ideas?
1.

a) Profit above all

2.

b) Profit sharing

3.

c) Gain-sharing plans

4.

d) Employee ownership

Weber’s bureaucracy includes all but which of these?
1.

a) Division of labor

2.

b) Formal rules and procedures

3.

c) Employees’ personal needs


4.

d) Careers based on merit

One of the surprise findings in the Hawthorne studies was that
1.

a) productivity increased with changes in lighting.

2.

b) productivity was influenced by group behavior.

3.

c) an increase in wages always resulted in an increase in productivity.

4.

d) productivity increased with better –defined tasks.

Theory Y would suggest all of these EXCEPT
1.

a) employees resist change.

2.

b) employees like work.

3.

c) employees are capable of self-control.

4.

d) employees want responsibility.

Which of these is NOT included as a part of classical approaches to
management?
1.

a) Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs

2.

b) Fayol’s administrative principles

3.

c) Weber’s bureaucratic organization

4.

d) Taylor’s principles of scientific management

According to Maslow’s progression principle,
1.

a) all needs can be satisfied by everybody.

2.

b) needs can be satisfied simultaneously.

3.

c) once activated, needs are not important in human behavior.

4.

d) a need at any level becomes activated only after the next-lower-level need is
satisfied.


__________ involves always searching for new ways to improve work
quality and performance.
1.

a) Operations management

2.

b) Continuous improvement

3.

c) Quantitative analysis

4.

d) Operations research

If Weber were able to see today’s bureaucracies in action, he would most
likely be
1.

a) pleased.

2.

b) disappointed.

3.

c) indifferent.

4.

d) optimistic.

The five duties of management, according to Fayol, are foresight,
organization, command, coordination, and __________.

1.

a. insight

2.

b. analysis

3.

c. accountability

4.

d. control

Who is the author of the Principles of Scientific Management?
1.

a) Maslow

2.

b) McGregor

3.

c) Kotler

4.

d) Taylor


From the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following
needs occupies the highest pedestal in the hierarchy?
1.

a) Social

2.

b) Physiological

3.

c) Self-actualization

4.

d) Esteem

Bert and John Jacobs, co-founders of the company Life is Good, suggests
that the message of the “Life is Good” brand is to:
1.

a) strive for perfectionism.

2.

b) decide to be happy today.

3.

c) be always on the lookout for that special person.

4.

d) strive for a big promotion.

The __________is the tendency of persons singled out for special
attention to perform as expected.
1.

a) management of participative measures

2.

b) management of scientific alternatives

3.

c) Hawthorne effect

4.

d) theory of Y management

All are true about The Hawthorne studies EXCEPT:
1.

a) were poorly designed from a research perspective.

2.

b) provide weak empirical support for their conclusions.

3.

c) are criticized for generalizing their findings.

4.

d) represent a shift in research attention from human to technical concerns.


Which of these transforms resource inputs from the environment into
product outputs?
1.

a) Top management

2.

b) Closed system

3.

c) Open system

4.

d) Contingency plan

As president of Paper Products, Inc., Jim wants his manufacturing
manager to clearly define the steps in the process, train the workers to
efficiently do their jobs, and financially reward them on the basis of
performance. Jim is practicing __________.
1.

a) contingency thinking

2.

b) scientific management

3.

c) Theory Y’s beliefs

4.

d) learning organization principles

Based on the findings of the Hawthorne studies, as a manager you know
that:
1.

a) giving special attention to your employees will likely increase their performance.

2.

b) increasing the lighting of employees’ work area will increase their performance.

3.

c) improving the working conditions for your workers will increase their
performance.

4.

d) workers will not sacrifice pay just to keep coworkers happy.

5.

e) workers react consistently to work conditions and wages.

Which management emphasized careful selection and training of workers
and supervisory support?
1.

a) Scientific

2.

b) Behavioral


3.

c) Contingency

4.

d) Autocratic

Who is credited for originally developing the hierarchy of human needs
theory?
1.

a) Max Weber

2.

b) Frederick Taylor

3.

c) Abraham Maslow

4.

d) Douglas McGregor

Which of the following is NOT a part of Theory X?
1.

a) Employees like responsibility

2.

b) Workers are lazy

3.

c) Workers prefer to follow

4.

d) Employees like to work

Two key elements of Weber’s bureaucracy were fairness and
1.

a) informality.

2.

b) history.

3.

c) participation.

4.

d) efficiency.

At which level of needs do Maslow’s progression principle and deficit
principle cease to exist?

1.

a) Physiological

2.

b) Self-actualization

3.

c) Safety

4.

d) Esteem


Chris Argyris’ beliefs, as presented in his book Personality and
Organization, are in disagreement with __________.
1.

a) Theory Y

2.

b) the Hawthorne studies

3.

c) the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory

4.

d) the management practices found in traditional organizations

Based on logic, order, and legitimate authority, a rational and efficient
form of organization according to Max Weber, is a(n)
1.

a) learning organization.

2.

b) adhocracy.

3.

c) government agency.

4.

d) bureaucracy.

Which of the following management styles came first?
1.

a) Classical approach

2.

b) Humanistic perspective

3.

c) Learning organization

4.

d) Theory Y

Matching management practices with different situations is called
__________.
1.

a) classical management

2.

b) situational analysis

3.

c) contingency thinking

4.

d) administrative management

According to Maslow, which of the following is in the highest “need”
category?

1.

a) Getting a date for the weekend

2.

b) Having a job you love, which also allows you to feel fulfilled

3.

c) Having enough money to pay rent

4.

d) Being accepted into a fraternity or sorority on campus

According to Chris Argyris, high absenteeism and poor morale in an
organization is likely due to
1.

a) poorly designed tasks interfering with efficiency.

2.

b) a poorly defined hierarchy of authority.

3.

4.

c) a mismatch between management practices and the adult nature of their
workforce.
d) a lack of control and enforcement.

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous
improvement, product quality, and customer needs is called:
1.

a) a learning organization.

2.

b) operations management.

3.

c) management by objectives.

4.

d) total quality management.

Modern management thinking would suggest that:
1.
2.

a) a “best” way to manage does exist.
b) the discovery of a workable process can be transferred to all other

organizations.

3.

c) once a process is perfected, it will not have to be changed.

4.

d) the best answer to what works “depends” on the situation.

5.

e) people are usually on the same page and they can be managed similarly.

19 Free Test Bank for Exploring Management 4th
Edition Schermerhorn True - False Questions


Weber is credited as being the first to acknowledge and advocate that
bureaucracies are inefficient forms of organization that should be
avoided.
1.

True

2.

False

The work by Henri Fayol can help you understand the functions that you

must perform as the manager of a student organization.
1.

True

2.

False

Modern management accepts the fact that all techniques are contingent
upon the unique situation faced by each manager. In other words, there is
no one “best” way.
1.

True

2.

False

Fayol’s management rule of coordination provides and mobilizes
resources to implement a plan.
1.

True

2.

False

The essence of Argyris’ work is that management practices should fit the
capabilities of the employees they are used to.
1.

True

2.

False

The most formidable aspect of scientific management is that it
emphasizes creativity and risk taking.
1.

True

2.

False


Workers, in an ideal bureaucracy, are selected and promoted on ability
and performance.
1.

True

2.

False

Organizational learning is a never ending process of continuous
improvement.
1.

True

2.

False

Another way to look at the work by Chris Argyris is that undesirable
employee behaviors may be as much a reflection of a poor management
system as it is a matter of poor employees.
1.

True

2.

False

The Hawthorne studies established a clear link between working
conditions and worker performance.
1.

True

2.

False

Author and researcher Malcolm Gladwell, in the book Outliers,
successfully argues that great leaders are born, not made.
1.

True

2.

False

Having a Theory X view of employees can actually encourage Theory X
behaviors in your employees.
1.

True

2.

False


Follett would say that the successful 21st-century executive must be an
inspiring leader who attracts talented people and motivates them in a
setting where everyone can do his or her best work.
1.

True

2.

False

Operations management is the study of how organizations produce goods
and services.
1.

True

2.

False

Taylor’s scientific management sought efficiency in job performance.
1.

True

2.

False

Follett argued that organizations are like communities, where managers
and employees should work together without a spirit of domination.
1.

True

2.

False

Maslow believed that there was no order in which human needs were
fulfilled.
1.

True

2.

False

The reason that worker “human needs” are important to managers is that
these needs can cause tensions that may influence work attitudes and
behaviors.
1.

True

2.

False


The only goal of scientific management was to increase worker efficiency
for the benefit of the company.
1.

True

2.

False

18 Free Test Bank for Exploring Management 4th
Edition Schermerhorn Free Text Questions
Why is it necessary for today’s organizations to embrace contingency
thinking?
Answer Given

With the dynamic, ever changing environment of complex relationships between
organizations, their internal members, and the external stakeholders, contingency
tells us there is no one best structure or set of processes.

The __________ studies at the Western Electric Company in Chicago
demonstrated the influence of manager treatment of employees on
employee performance.
Answer Given

Hawthorne

The __________ is an organizational form known for its clear division of
labor, structure, hierarchy of authority, and formalized rules and
procedures.
Answer Given

bureaucracy

The study of how organizations produce goods and services is called

__________.
Answer Given

operations management


The belief that there is no one best way to manage was called __________.
Answer Given

contingency thinking

Compare the scientific management and the behavioral management
approaches. Which is best?
Answer Given

Scientific management focuses on the interaction of workers and work processes
to produce more efficient outcomes, while behavioral management focuses on the
experience of workers and the response of workers to various management
systems. Neither is “best.” Both perspectives are needed to function effectively in
today’s complex environment.

Following the scientific management era, management thinking moved to
include a(n) __________ perspective.
Answer Given

human resources or behavioral management

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? Define each of them beginning with
the most basic.
Answer Given

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs beginning with the most basic are Physiological –The
need for food and shelter; Safety –The need for security, protection and stability;
Social – economic –The need for love, affection, and a sense of belonging in
one’s relationship with others; Esteem – The need for recognition, respect,
prestige, and self-esteem; Self-actualization –The need for self-fulfillment and to
use one’s abilities to the fullest and most creative extent.

Discuss and compare McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y.
Answer Given

McGregor, in an attempt to convince managers to pay more attention to the social
and self-actualization needs of employees, postulated that there were two
opposing views of human nature; Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X assumes that
people dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible and prefer to be led. Theory Y
assumes that people want to work, accept responsibility, are self-directed and are


creative. McGregor further believed that these two assumptions were self-fulfilling
prophecies in the sense that people will behave as you expect them to do. Theory
X managers were thought to have a “command and control” style. Theory Y
managers were thought to have a more participative style.

__________ is the systemic use and analysis of data to solve problems
and make informed decisions.
Answer Given

Analytics

__________ is considered a prophet of management and one of the most

important American women in the fields of civics and sociology.
Answer Given

Mary Parker Follett

A(n) __________ consistently achieves excellence while creating a highquality work environment.
Answer Given

high-performance organization

Scientific management is associated with the management scholar
__________.
Answer Given

Frederick Taylor

The highest order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is __________.
Answer Given

self-actualization

________ is the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical
motions.
Answer Given


Motion study

What were the Hawthorne studies about? Discuss their purpose, the
process, and the results.

Answer Given

The Hawthorne studies started in 1924 at the Hawthorne Works, a Western
Electric plant in Chicago, Illinois. The purpose of the Studies was to determine
how economic incentives and physical conditions affected the productivity of
workers. The process was one of isolating six employees, changing their
economic incentives and physical environment and measuring the effect that
these changes had on their productivity. The results were surprising in that the
changes had little or no affect on the isolated worker’s productivity. However, it
was determined that productivity was influenced by psychological factors such as
the group responding to the attention that they were getting, the expectations
placed on them and to peer pressure from group members. The studies were
terminated in 1932.

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous
improvement, product quality, and customer needs is called __________.
Answer Given

total quality management

McGregor’s work focuses on opposing views of human nature, a positive
view known as __________ and a negative view known as __________.
Answer Given

Theory Y, Theory X (in this order!)