Mệnh đề tính từ a đến z

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teacher :Linh Cani

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE A to Z
MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH NGỮ từ A-Z

1. Position and function -vị trí và chức năng.
a) Beautiful woman
Adj → N
b) The woman who is sitting next to my friend is our new teacher.
N ←
Adj Clause
-

Trong ví dụ a) tính từ beautiful bổ nghĩa và đứng trước N woman.
Trong ví dụ b) Mệnh đề who is sitting next to my friend bổ nghĩa cho N the woman.
Adj Cls =Adj
Adj Cls đứng sau N nó bổ nghĩa.

2. Function of connectors -Chức năng liên từ trong mệnh đề tính ngữ.
Đặc trưng của Adj Cls chính là các connectors (liên từ )như : who, whom, which,
that, where…Làm thế nào để ta có thể chọn đúng connectors cho Adj Cls.
c) The woman who is sitting next to my friend is our new teacher.
S
S1 V1
V
→Who làm S1 trong Adj Cls
2.1 Liên từ làm S:
d) The woman who is sitting next to my friend is our new teacher.
S1 V1

-Liên từ làm S gồm : who(chỉ người), which(chỉ vật) , that(cả người và vật).
2.2 Liên từ làm O của Verb:
e) The girl who(whom/that) I love is beautiful.
S
O1
S1 V1 V
Ta thấy trong câu trên thì liên từ who còn có chức năng là làm tang ngữ O1 của V1
(love)
- Các liên từ dùng làm O của Verb : who/whom (chỉ người), which (chỉ vật), that( dùng
chung)
Note:Liên từ làm O của V có thể ẩn đi được:
f) The woman I love is beautiful.

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teacher :Linh Cani

2.3 Liên từ làm O của giới từ (Preposition –Prep)
Xuất phát từ câu gốc:
g) I sent the letter to
the address .The address is in Hanoi .
Prep → O
Trong câu trên the address là tân ngữ (O) của giới từ (prep) to
Hai câu trên sẽ được ghép lại thành câu có Adjcls.
h) The address to which I sent the letter is in Hanoi.
Prep → O
i) The address which I sent the letter to is in Hanoi.

O
← prep
- Như vậy khi liên từ làm O của prep thì ta có 2 cách viết
1.prep+ connector (to which) như ví dụ h)
2.prep đứng cuối adjcls ( I sent the letter to) như ví dụ i)
- Các liên từ dùng làm O của giới từ : whom (chỉ người) , which (chỉ vật) .
Note: Không sử dụng : who , that.
2.4 Liên từ làm tính từ sở hữu (whose)
j) He is our new CEO. His car is very expensive.
Trong câu thứ 2 ta thấy có adj sở hữu his. Khi ghép câu với Adj Cls thì các tính từ sở
hữu như his,her,my,their sẽ được chuyển thành whose.
k) He is our new CEO whose
car is very expensive.
Adj sở hữu → N
2.5 Liên từ làm adv chỉ nơi chốn (where, in which)
l) He is coming back to his hometown. He was born and grew up in his hometown.
He is coming back to his hometown where (in which) he was born and grew up.

3. Adj Clause với liên từ theo cụm (two of whom, none of which…)
Đôi khi liên từ trong Adj Cls không chỉ là những liên từ đơn như who, whom, which,
that mà còn có dạng cụm với giới từ of : two of whom, none of which….
m) I have many friends. Two of them are from Macau.
I have many friends two of whom are from Macau.
n) I have three cars. None of them are cheap.
I have three cars none of them are cheap.

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teacher :Linh Cani

4. Adj Clause với N cụ thể, xác định:
Trong câu có Adj Cls nếu N mà AdjCls đó bổ xung ý nghĩa là rõ rang thì ta phải
dùng dấu , để tách Adj Cls ra.
o) Christiano Ronaldo , who is a famous soccer player , is also very rich.
N(xác định)
←
Adj Cls
p) Christiano Ronaldo , a famous soccer player , is also very rich.
N(xác định)
←
Adj Cls
Hoặc câu o) có thể rút gọn lại như ví dụ p)

5. Rút gọn Adj Clause:
Mệnh đề tính ngữ sẽ có 3 cách rút gọn sau đây :
5.1 Dạng chủ động -Ving
q) The man who wrote the letter is Mr. Mike.
active V
The man writing the letter is Mr. Mike.
r) Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?
Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?
5.2 Dạng bị động -Vpp
s) The man who was arrested by the police is Mr. Mike.
passive V
The man arrested by the police is Mr. Mike.
t) Do you know the boy who was punished by headmaster yesterday?
Do you know the boy punished by headmaster yesterday?

-

5.3 Dạng nguyên thể -to Verb ( the first, only,last…)
u) He is the only one who knows the answer.
He is the only one to know the answer.
v) He is the last person who left the ship.
He is the last person to leave the ship.
Trong câu xuất hiện the first, only, last, best hoặc một dạng so sánh nhất thì Verb trong
Adj Cls sẽ được rút gọn thành to Verb

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teacher :Linh Cani

6. WHICH đại diện cho cả mệnh đề:

-

x, Tom was late, which surprised me.
=Tom was late. That surprised me
y, The elevator is out of order, which is too bad.
=The elevator is out of order.That is too bad.
Trong cả hai ví dụ bên trên thì liên từ which được dùng để thay thế cho toàn bộ mệnh đề
phía trước và khi đó which dịch là “điều này”.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence.
1. To calm his angry girlfriend, John offered an apology
a. which
b.who
c.whom

Jane did not accept.
d.when

2. Michelle screamed when she saw the spider dangled from the one clean bathroom
towel.
a. whom
b. where
c.that
d. whose
3. Brian said goodnight to his roommate
continued to play video games until his
eyes were blurry with fatigue.
a. Justin, whom
b. Justin who
c. Justin, who
d. Justin, that
4.The children
a. who

skateboard in the sfreet are especially noisy in the early evening.
b.whom
c. which
d. whose

5. We have many blessings for those
a. whose
b.whom

6. Women
a. that /whom

we are deeply grateful to.
c.that
d.which

work are happier than those
don’t work.
b. who/who
c. whom/that
d. whose /which

7. It took me a while to get used to people
eat pop-corn during the movie.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
8. He is the man
a. whose/whom

I wanted to speak to and
b. that/which
c. who/that

name I’d forgotten.
d. whom/which

9. This is the house
I lived when I first came to the US.
a. in that
b. in where
c. where
d. which in

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10. It was in that house
a. where
b. that
11. The family
a. which house

teacher :Linh Cani
we spent our childhood.
c.when

d. in which

burnt in the fire was immediately given a suite in a hotel.
b. the house of whom c. that house
d. whose house

12.My friend eventually decided to get divorced,
a. who
b. why
c. that

upset me a lot.
d. which

13. I saw a lot of new people at the party,
seemed familiar.
a. which
b. that
c. some of that
d. some of whom
14.The reason
a. at which

I have continued to work for that company is the job security.
b. which
c. why
d. for that

15. The house
a. where

I grew up has just renovated.
b. in that
c. which

d.that

16. The old man and his two dogs were seriously burnt in the fire last week have
gradually recovered.
a. who
b. that
c. which
d. whom
17. The woman
a. who

hair is long and curly is the new secretary, Mrs. Chan.
b. whose
c.that
d. which

18.
used to be the tallest building in the world, is still a popular tourist attraction.
a. The Empire State Building
b. It is The Empire State Building, which
c. The Empire State Building, that
d. The Empire State Building, which
19.
was the first president of the United States, is a symbol of honesty, bravery,
and patriotism.
a. George Washington
b. George Washington, that
c. George Washington, who
d. That was George Washington
20. It was Peter and Mary
a. whose

b. which

often came to help me whenever I was in need.
c. that
d. whom

21.The new store ,________ is currently undergoing construction , will have its grand
opening sometime next spring.
a.who
b.where
c.when
d.which

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teacher :Linh Cani

22.Would the person _________muddy jogging clothes were found in the staff shower
room please claim them at the lost and found office?
A.who
b.that
c.whose
d.which
23.The company has hired a consultant for _______ who is in need of help with his
personal problems.
a.anyone
b.them

c.one
d.those
24.The president, ______________comments in a press conference last week aroused
considerable criticism ,will again address the media today.
a.who
b.that
c.whose
d.what
25.Marketing is a profession _________ has always interested me.
a.which
b.who
c.in which
d.whose
26.Unfortunately, several patients at the hospital have been struck by a disease
for________ there is no known cure.
a.while
b.whole
c.which
d.that
27.Our new department head was among the first Americans of Asian origin _________
from Harvard University.
a.graduate
b.graduated
c.to graduate
d.who has graduated
28.Our research department has recently developed a new computer system ______ to
guide the production robots in the factory.
A.using
B.that use
C.used

D.which is used
29. From this campaign, we have learned that the decision to sell at a lower price has no
effect on _________who are seeking quality.
A.anyone
B.consumer
C.those
D.whose
30. We provide a range of services __________ to meet the specific industry and market
dynamics our clients face.
A.design
B.to design
C.designing
D.designed
31.John always donates some money to local charities every month, ______ he feels is a
good deed.
A.because
B.so
C.who
D.which
32.________ with competition , from the glass and plastic industries, aluminum can
manufacturers are currently working on developing new shapes and features for their
products.
A.face
B.faced
C.facing
D.having faced
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33.__________experienced significant growth in Western Europe , the company is
planning to expand operations in Eastern Europe.
A.to have
B.have
C.had
D.having

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