FREQUENCY no 1 TOEFL VOCABUALRY

FREQUENCY No.1 - TOEFL VOCABUALRY
FREQUENCY 1
TOEFL VOCABUALRY
LinguaForum
WHY DOES FREQUENCY MATTER
ON THE IBT?
"Wow, the reading is no joke!” This has been a common reaction among
iBT TOEFL test takers since it first began in Sept. 2005. The length of the reading
passages has more than doubled from 280-350 words on the CBT to an average
of 700 words on the new iBT. The longer length of the passages has made them
more difficult to grasp. Test takers who are unused to reading about science often
find the new iBT reading passages especially difficult.
The number of vocabulary questions given on the TOEFL has also
increased drastically, and these questions now constitute approximately one third
of all the questions on the reading section. A typical passage contains 4
vocabulary questions out of 13-14 questions in total. Considering that the reading
section contains 3 or 5 reading passages, test takers will have to answer 12-20
vocabulary questions on the new iBT. That’s really no joke.
In scrutinizing all the real iBTs given thus far, LinguaForum Research
Center has found something very interesting. Similar topics and questions have
appeared repeatedly on the real tests. In other words, the passages and
questions the test takers witnessed on the today’s test will possibly appear again
on the next week’s test, next month’s test, or on a test some months later. That
repetition caused us to analyze the frequencies at which words have appeared
on the real tests. Using this analysis we have produced an innovative and
ambitious book, Frequency #1 Vocabulary.


Setting priorities for iBT vocabulary building!
Frequency #1 Vocabulary has completed the LinguaForum iBT Vocabulary
Series: Basic, Intro, and Frequency. The 2,000 words in this book are the ones

that have most frequently appeared on the real test. We divide the words into two
parts: top and second frequency, each part containing 1,000 words. Each section
is then further subdivided into 20 chapters of 50 words each according to the
frequency in which they appear on the test. Thus, students first learn the words
they are most likely to see on the iBT and learn words that appear less frequently
in later chapters'. By prioritizing vocabulary for the students, LinguaForum makes
vocabulary building more streamlined and efficient, increasing the potential of
test takers worldwide.
Lingua Forum Research Center Vocabulary Project Team

Top Frequency No.1 - Frequency No.20
Frequency 1
Instant Check-up 1-1
1. It's very important to accomplish your goal within the deadline.
2. He has accumulated quite a fortune and turned out to be a millionaire.
3. You are supposed to send in an application form to the university that
you are applying for.
4. (1) He boasted himself to be very wealthy and famous.
(2) Stop making a boast of yourself in front of my face.
5. (1) He warns that bird flu remains a constant threat to us.
(2) Constancy in one's work is just as important as efficiency.
6. It is crucially important that the problem is resolved quickly.


7. In the Cinderella story, the step-mother is depicted as an antagonist.
8. I am firmly determined to pass the exam this time.
9. Be careful not to deviate from the right path on your way back.
10. I will not be dictated to by anyone but myself.
11. Her capability for managing the tasks has improved for a very short
duration.

12. Watching movies without captions is one of the most efficient ways of
learning English.
13. People from the past used to believe that all things are created of four
elements: earth, water, air, and fire.
14. He is endowed with a great sense of humor.
15. The young boy’s erratic behavior hinders the whole class.
16. The government demanded an evacuation of the citizens to protect
them from the upcoming quake.
1

2

3

4

accomplish

accumulate

application

boast

5

constant

6

crucially

realize, attain, achieve,
fail, accomplishment
build up, collect, gather,
disperse, n. accumulation
use, employment; request, claim,
an application form apply
brag, be proud of, crow brag, avowal
boast oneself; make a boast of
continual, steady, consistent
constantly constancy
decisively, critically, essentially


adj. crucial
7

depict

8

determine

9

deviate

10

dictate

11

duration

12

efficient

13

element

14

endow

15

erratic

16

evacuation

illustrate, describe, portray
n. depiction
decide, make up one’s mind; settle, conclude
n. determination

(~ from) differ, digress, wander
go straight n. deviation adj. deviating
speak, read out, order, command
dictate to, n. dictation, dictator
length, extent, span
for the duration
competent, capable, effective
inefficient, n. efficiency
component, factor, constituent
whole, adj. elementary, elemental
provide, bestow, endue
be endowed with, n. endowment
unpredictable, changeable, inconsistent
consistent, reliable, adv. erratically
exodus, retreat, departure
demand an evacuation evacuate

Instant Check-up 1-2
17. The man opened a restaurant and it soon flourished, gaining much
popularity.


18. She seemed reluctant to go to the party with him but gave him 3
grudging acceptance in the end.
19. A hawk is hovering around seeking for something to feed itself.
20. It is merely a hypothesis that we need to test and prove that it's true.
21. You have an innate capability for learning languages.
22. There were several coup attempts which upset the legal system of their
legitimate government.
23. Donovan is likened to a Scottish artist, Bob Dylan who was a notable

folk-rock singer- songwriter in America.
24. Although Aaron and Thomas are twins, they have markedly different
personalities.
25. This is data for gender in 300 occupations.
26. This meeting will provide you with an overview on the latest trends for
this summer.
27. The company applied for a patent for its new product.
28. There exist hierarchies of predators for the balance of organisms in the
ecosystem.
29. (1) My mother preserved 3 containers of plums with sugar.
(2) The animal preserve created by the national park is off-limits to
people.
30. I make it a point to live up to my principles all the time.
31. You can count on him; he is known as a prominent specialist in
ophthalmology.
32. Your sickness must be treated promptly.


33. I had been prone to motion sickness, but I am okay now.

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

flourish

grudging

hover

hypothesis

innate

legitimate

likened to

markedly

occupation

overview

27

patent

28

predator

thrive, prosper, bloom
decline flourishing
reluctant, unwilling, disinclined
eager, willing grudge
float, linger, waver, fly
hovering
assumption, theory, premise
hypothetical hypothesize
inborn, inherent, natural
acquired innately
authentic, legal; reasonable, justifiable
illegitimate. legitimacy
compared to; related to, corresponding to
be likened to + n.. likeness
noticeably, clearly, obviously
mark, adj. marked
job, profession; possession, holding
v. occupy, adj. occupational
summary, general understanding
a comprehensive overview
copyright, licence mm obvious, clear
apply for a patent on adv. patently

carnivore, hunter


adj. predatory
29

preserve

30

principle

31

prominent

32

promptly

33

prone to

maintain, conserve, save domain
destroy preservation
rule, fundamental, theory principal
in principle in practice
noticeable, conspicuous, distinguished, eminent,
prominently

immediately, instantly, at once; punctually
prompt
likely to, liable to, apt to
be prone to + n./v.

Instant Check-up 1-3
34. The army has to make provisions in order to be prepared prior to a war.
35. The point is well explained in this publication.
36. (1) That musician has released 15 albums since his debut.
(2) We have a variety of new releases to provide you with more
choices.
37. I had an Indian dish for lunch and relished its aromatic yet exotic flavor.
38. A dove is a symbol that represents wisdom and peace.
39. (1) The classes will be resumed next Monday.
(2) Please fax me your full resume with cover letter due tomorrow.
40. The museum's seamless architectural design is a reason for its huge
popularity.
41. Do not size up a person by appearance.


42. I am skeptical as to whether she is telling the truth or lying.
43. Personal power does not always mean physical strength.
44. She has her own striking beauty and charm that capture others' hearts.
45. The man has a very sturdy physique.
46. Food, water, and air are the minimum requirements to sustain life.
47. (1) He pulled the trigger in a flash.
(2) A mere cold can trigger a more serious illness or disease.
48. The academic regulations must be uniformly kept.
49. A sensational scandal unleashed a wave of controversy.
50. A woman must keep her virtue and dignity at all times.

34

provision

35

publication

36

release

37

relish

38

represent

39

resume

40

seamless

Supplying, catering; clause, condition

Make provision for, provide
Announcement, declaration; issue
Publish
Set free, let go; circulate, liberation; proclamation,
a press / news release
enjoy, delight in, fancy enjoyment with relish, with
relish
stand for, symbolize, speak for
representative
recommence, begin again curriculum vitae
discontinue n. resumption
jointless; unchanging, perfectly smooth
adv. seamlessly n. seam


41

Size up

42

Skeptical

43

Strength

44

Striking

45

Sturdy

46

Sustain

47

Trigger

48

Uniformly

49

Unleash

50

Virtue

assess, evaluate, weigh up
Dubious, cynical, doubtful
Be skeptical about, n. skeptic
Intensity, might, strong point
Weakness, adj. strong

marked, impressive, stunning; hitting
her striking looks; striking distance, a. strike
Robust, powerful; well-built, solid
Feeble, puny, adv. Sturdily
Maintain, keep alive, withstand, uphold
Adj. sustainable -> sustainable development
Start, set off, initiate, firing device of a gun
Pull the trigger, prevent
Evenly, invariably, constantly
Variably, adj/n. uniform
Let loose, unfasten, release
Leash
Merit, advantage, goodness, integrity
By virtue of vice

Frequency 2
Instant Check-up 2-1
51. Can you tell me the accurate spellings of your name and address?
52. There are numerous jewelry artisans in different places and cultures
around the globe.


53. You will soon assimilate into this American lifestyle.
54. The graduate student assisted with the professor's research,
55. I assumed that you would be there at her birthday party since you're
her sister.
56. That was the most astonishing musical I’ve ever seen.
57. You don’t have to remind me of the fact when I am already aware of it.
58. (1) The file cannot be stored because the buffer of your computer has
exceeded its limit.

(2) Please wait while your computer is buffering the data.
59. The doctor signed his death certificate.
60. (1) The task requires such complex skills that I can't really understand
it.
(2) An inferiority complex results in extreme anti-social behavior.
61. A continental climate is often characterized by cold winter temperatures
supporting a fixed period of stable snow cover.
62. (1) I like to converse with him about my problem because he's such a
good listener.
(2) His opinion was the converse of mine.
63. (1) I swear that I will be honest to the core with you.
(2) We have to enhance our core technology for a better quality
product.
64. Hard work is the cornerstone to my success.
65. The criteria for the practical exam include uniqueness.
66. Mrs. Kim is the dean of the department of veterinary medicine.


51

accurate

52

artisan

53

assimilate

54

assist with

55

assume

56

astonishing

57

aware

58

buffer

59

certificate

60

complex

precise, correct, close; exact
inaccurate, Accurately, accuracy

craftsman, skilled worker
artist
absorb, digest; learn
assimilation
help with
assistant, assistance
take for granted, take on; pretend to
assumption
amazing, astounding, bewildering
astonished astonish
knowing about, conscious, informed
be aware of unaware n. awareness
protect, shield safeguard, screen
a buffer zone, a buffer state
Official document, authorization, credentials
a birth/death certificate
compound, complicated structure; obsession
inferiority complex simple n. complexity
of a continent

61

continental

62

converse

63

core

center, essence, nucleus central, essential

64

cornerstone

basic element, keystone, fundamental

continental drift, continental shelf continent
talk, chat opposite, contrary, counter
conversation, conversely


lay a cornerstone
65

criterion

66

dean

Standard, bench mark, gauge criteria
apply the same criteria to
important official, principal, director
deanship

Instant Check-up 2-2

67. The dense black smoke had filled the building when the fire engine
arrived.
68. Many trendy items for the fall season are already displayed in a show
window at the outfitters.
69. My parents drastically cut my allowance and grounded me for a week.
70. Most citizens support their newly elected president,
71. I am encouraging everyone to attend this fun workshop.
72. I was so engrossed in the novel that I couldn't put it down.
73. There will be a wedding ceremony and ensuing event.
74. I know you feel like giving up right now, but eventually you will be
alright as time passes by.
75. (1) The ballerina's movements are very fluid.
(2) It is important to drink a lot of fluids when having food poisoning.
76. An electric dynamo is installed at the office, so electricity can be
generated when power fails.
77. Bodies of ice and compacted snow become glaciers when they are
heavy enough to flow under their own weight.


78. You have to keep immobile while the examination is under way.
79. Stacy is really worried about the impending deadline because she still
has a lot of work to do.
80. (1) The company pays incentives according to the business
performance.
(2) An incentive tour was offered to the employees for a sales
promotion.
81. My uncle used to take me to amusement parks in my infancy.
82. Do you know how to prolong the life of a lithium-based battery?
83. Plastics and metals are malleable materials.
67

68

69

70

71

72

dense

Display

Drastically

elect

encourage

engross

73

ensuing

74

eventually

thick, crowded, compact
sparse, thin density
Show (off), exhibit, demonstrate, exhibition
LCD (liquid crystal display)
Severely, radically, extremely
Drastic
vote, choose, select
election, elected
inspire, motivate, cheer
encouragement, courage
absorb, catch up, enthrall
be engrossed in engrossed
following, subsequent, coming next
ensue
finally, ultimately, in the end, after all


eventual
75

fluid

76

generate

77

glacier

78

immobile

79

impending

80

81

82

83

incentive

infancy

prolong

malleable

liquid, solution flowing, liquefied
solid fluidity
create, produce, give rise to
[end. generator, generation
huge mass of ice

glacial, glaciation
unable to move, stationary, at a standstill, at rest
mobile immobility
looming, imminent, forthcoming
encouragement, bait, carrot
disincentive
beginnings, cradle, dawn
end infant
extend, lengthen, protract
shorten
flexible, plastic, compliant
rigid malleability

Instant Check-up 2-3
84. She attained mastery of handicrafts after a few years.
85. A lack of economic competition for goods results in a monopoly.
86. (1) The company was hasty enough to reject the potential employees.
(2) You have such endless potential that you can achieve anything.


87. Although Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim nation, there are some
Christians.
88. A Christian presupposes that there will be another life after death.
89. (1) The principal ingredients of this drink include rice and sugar.
(2) Mr. Lee has been assigned to Northeastern High School as the
new principal.
90. Are you teasing me now on purpose?
91. Employees regarded him as the most highly respected employer in the
company.
92. I am not really good at sedentary work because of my weak back.

93. I speculate about the weather forecast, and wonder whether it will rain
or not tomorrow.
94. The team's victory was so staggering that even the coach was
speechless.
95. My brother subsequently volunteered to join the army after I left.
96. There was no way for the criminal to escape since substantial evidence
was presented.
97. Everyone has the right to have access to sufficient food.
98. It is so tantalizing to only see delicious-looking foods on TV but not be
able to eat them.
99. I've ultimately decided not to go to the recital but stay home doing
some tasks instead.
100. It is nice to see you full of vigor again.


84

mastery

85

monopoly

86

87

potential
predominantly

expertise, skill, control, command
master
exclusive control oligopoly
have a monopoly on monopolize
ability, capability possible, dormant
potentially
mainly, chiefly, primarily, for the most part
predominant

88

presuppose

89

principal

90

purpose

91

regard

92

sedentary

93

speculate

94

Staggering

95

subsequently

96

substantial

assume, presume, imply
presupposition
main, chief, leading headmaster
principle
aim, goal, intention
on purpose purposely
consider, think of consideration; respect
regardless
inactive, desk-bound, sitting
active
conjecture, consider; gamble, venture
speculation invest
astounding, very surprising
stagger
later, afterwards

antecedently subsequent
significant, considerable; material, real


imaginary, insubstantial
97

sufficient

98

tantalizing

99

ultimately

100

vigor

enough, satisfactory, adequate
insufficient sufficiency ' sufficiently
tempting, arousing desire
tantalize
at (long) last, finally, in the end
ultimate
energy, stamina, power, strength
vigorous invigorate

Frequency 3
Instant Check-up 3-1
101. The man was accused of fraud by the police.
102. I felt alienated when I was lost and left alone in the middle of
nowhere.
103. The examination will be over in approximately two and a half hours.
104. She claimed that the policeman had ignored most of her claims.
105. A big fire has consumed many buildings and houses in the city.
106. Your actual personality is a striking contrast to what I thought you
would be.
107. The crescent used to be the symbol of the Sassanian Empire of
Persia, and was displayed on the crowns of its rulers.
108. Crude oil is usually called petroleum and is composed of mixtures of
chemical compounds.


109. The demography of the country shows disturbing ethnic and social
divisions.
110. There exists a diversity of cultures, languages and religious beliefs
amongst people around the world.
111. He was eager to meet the girl of his dreams.
112. I encountered the most staggering difficulties in my whole life.
113. The continuing extremely hot weather is beyond my endurance.
114. He found the tool which is part of the vital equipment for his project.
115. Part of his charm is that he exudes a genuine concern and caring for
others.
116. (1) This competition was unbelievably not fair enough.
(2) Thousands of people attended the fair at our school.
101

accuse

102

alienated

103

approximately

104

claim

105

consume

106

contrast

107

crescent

charge, blame, censure
be accused of the accused, accusation
anomic, disoriented, estranged
alienate alienation

almost, roughly, about, around
exactly, precisely approximate
maintain, demand assertion, petition
give up claimable
use up, absorb, eat, destroy totally
save, consumption, consumer
difference, comparison compare, differ
by contrast, in contrast (to)
new moon increasing, growing


full moon
108

crude

109

demography

110

diversity

111

eager

112

encounter

113

endurance

114

equipment

115

exude

116

coarse, rough, raw, unrefined
crude oil refined crudely
study of human populations, human ecology
demographer
variety, difference, distinctiveness
uniformity adj. diverse
keen, impatient, enthusiastic
uneager eagerness
meet (by chance), chance upon confrontation,
clash, a first encounter with
patience, toleration, durability
impatience: endure
tools, apparatus, gear
a niece of equipment – equip

emit, give off, radiate
exudation
unbiased, just, impartial festival, show

fair

biased fairly 

Instant Check-up 3-2
117. (1) We discovered rarely found fossils while exploring mountain
caves.
(2) The burial of geologic deposits of organic materials forms fossil
fuels.
118. (1) I think this frame will be suitable for our painting of van Gogh.


(2) He framed a new plan for rebuilding his office.
119. To speak frankly, I didn't really understand what you were saying.
120. My son will be the heir to all my fortune after my death since he is the
only child.
121. I was under an impetus from a heavy schedule at school.
122. (1) His initial reaction to the news was very calm.
(2) I embroidered my initials on a T-shirt.
123. The man had no intention of fighting this sturdy guy for nothing.
124. The diversity of beautiful colors and designs of their dresses was so
intriguing.
125. We launched a new Indian restaurant full of mouth-watering dishes.
126. His speech is usually so logical that we can understand it with ease.
127. I had no other option but to work holidays and extra hours.
128. The baby eventually stopped crying as his mother tried to pacify him.

129. The French paradox, in which the French eat high-fat foods and
exercise less but still have a markedly lower mortality rate, is not understandable.
130. An electron particle carries an electric charge.
131. During an argument, I always try to see things from the other person's
perspective.
132. The El Nino phenomenon occurs when major temperature fluctuations
occur in surface waters of the tropical Pacific Ocean,
133. His parents always believe his plausible lies.

117

fossil

remains of a prehistoric animal or plant found in


rock fossil fuel
118

Frame

119

Frankly

Casing, structure, make shape, mold, build time
frame
Honestly, in truth, openly, directly
Frank, to be frank
successor, beneficiary, inheritor

120

Heir

121

impetus

122

initial

123

intention

124

intriguing

125

launch

126

logical

rational, reasonable, sensible illogical logic

127

option

choice, alternative, preference optional optionally

128

pacify

129

paradox

130

particle

131

perspective

132

phenomenon

133

plausible

heir to a legacy
stimulus, incentive; momentum, energy
give (an) impetus to
first, incipient, beginning the first letter of a
person’s first name initialize
willingness, purpose, aim, design unwillingness
intentional. intentionally
fascinating, interesting, beguiling intrigue
propel, dispatch; begin, commence a launch(ing)
pad

placate, calm, appease, soothe enrage, inflame
pacification
contradiction,

anomaly,

absurdity

paradoxical

paradoxically
atom, bit, grain, fragment particle physics, a
particle accelerator
outlook, view, prospect a narrow perspective
occurrence,

circumstance;

wonder, exception,

marvel phenomena!
believable,

feasible,

conceivable

implausible,


improbable, unlikely plausibility

Instant Check-up 3-3
134. A potent vaccine for AIDS was developed in the United States.
135. I was so preoccupied with the thought of going to the beach tomorrow
that I didn't hear what she was saying.
136. You seem to be profoundly moved by today's lecture.
137. I would prefer studying at home rather than going outside on
weekends.
138. (1) Some religious rituals include sacraments and sacrifices.
(2) They showed us their ritual dances performed every year.
139. The number of people who watched this movie is roughly estimated at
two million.
140. (1) I searched all over my place but I couldn't find my wallet.
(2) An internet search engine is very efficient for getting information.
141. The professor's lecture prompted spontaneous applause from
admiration.
142. Nowadays, the social status of women is starting to be highly

recognized in that country.
143. His bold writing style was subject to critical feedback from the
readers.
144. She could not be free of such suspicion.
145. A silence is usually a tacit answer of yes.
146. Can I ask you just a trivia! question?


147. It is a truism that romance was created to manipulate women.
148. There are lots of legal offices in this vicinity,
149. This is a vital matter that might change your whole life.
150. The mad man wielded a blade at random.

134

potent

135

Preoccupied with

136

profoundly

137

Rather than

138

ritual

139

roughly

140

search

141

spontaneous

142

Status

143

Subject to

144

suspicion

powerful, authoritative, mighty
impotent potency
absorbed in, engrossed in

be preoccupied with preoccupation
deeply, heavily, seriously
superficially profound
on the contrary; instead of, excluding
ceremony, convention

ceremonial,

customary,

ritually
unevenly, unsteadily; approximately
smoothly, gently rough roughness
look, explore, examine examination, investigation
search for
unplanned, impromptu, impulsive
calculated, planned spontaneously
position, standing, consequence; prestige
status quo
susceptible to, based on, dependent upon
be subject to... subject, subjective, subjectivity
doubt, distrust, skepticism


trust suspicious
145

tacit

146

trivial

147

truism

148

vicinity

149

vital

150

wield

implied, implicit, unexpressed, unstated.
explicit, expressed
unimportant, frivolous, trifling, valueless
significant. Trivia
platitude, ciiché, axiom
falsehood
neighborhood, surroundings,, district
a faraway place
essential, fundamental, crucial; lively, dynamic
insignificant, trivial vitality
control, exercise, handle, exert wield power

Frequency 4
Instant Check-up 4-1
151. The family got accustomed to their new rural lives.
152. Too much altruism may affect oneself, encouraging others to get in
the way.
153. My successful work is ascribed to my supportive wife who was by my
side all the time.
154. She attained a doctor's degree in internal medicine after 6 years of
hard work.
155. My school system is autonomous.
156. Some parts of the equipment were not available at the store.
157. He has become champion of the international fencing competition.


158. (1) Analog component video consists of three coaxial cables.
(2) Interconnecting electronic components include plugs, sockets
and so on.
159. We will hold a meeting weekly to better convey the message to the
students.
160. The old woman enjoys wearing her traditional costume.
161. (1) Men and women debated about a smoking prohibition during the
working hours at the company.
(2) A debate was proposed to reach an agreement.
162. A sudden attack has resulted in decimation of a population in Iraq.
163. The word 'phenomenon' is derived from the Greek word 'phaenomen'.
164. Domestication of animals requires a fast growth rate of animals.
165. Marriage joins a man and a woman brought up in entirely different
environments.
166. Windbreaks were built to subdue wind erosion.

151

accustomed to

152

altruism

153

ascribe

154

attain

155

autonomous

adapted to, suited to; used to
unfamiliar with selflessness, charity, self-sacrifice
egoism, egocentrism altruistic
attribute, impute, assign
ascribe A to B ascription
achieve, accomplish, acquire, complete
fail, surrender attainment attainable
independent, self-ruling, free