ADVANCED ENGLISH FOR TRANSLATION

ADVANCED ENGLISH FOR TRANSLATION
ADVANCED ENGLISH FOR TRANSLATION
Authors: Dennis Chamberlin - Gillian White

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors and publisher are graceful to the following for permission to
reproduce the texts used in the units indicated:
Unit 1, John le Carre and John Farquharson Ltd; 3, Marion Giordan and
Foncana Paperbacks Ltd; 4, Roald Dahl and Murray Pollinger Ltd - the extract
is from James and the giant peach © Roald Dahl 1961 published by Penguin
Books Ltd; 5, F. J. & R. B. Christopher and chc Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd;
6, the Rolex Watch Company Ltd; 8, Dick Francis and Michael Joseph Ltd; 9,
the Camping Club of Great Britain & Ireland Ltd; 10, Lorus J. Milne and
Margery Milne and w. H. Freeman & Co.; 11, Cambridge Water Company; 13,
Volkswagen (GB) Ltd; 14 &21, The Sunday Times; 15, Cambridgeshire,
Huntingdon & Peterborough Life; 16, John Mortimer and A. D. Peters & Co.
Ltd; 17, Lyall Watson and Murray Pollinger Ltd — the extract is from
Supemature published by Hoddcr & Stoughton Ltd; 18, Gestetner; 19, Maurice
Rowdon and Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd; 22, The Times Newspapers Ltd; 23,
The Financial Times-, 24, Georgina Walsh and Evening Standard; 25, Dateline
International; 26, 28 & 29, Penguin Books Ltd; 27, Cavendish Philatelic
Auctions; 29; Allen & Unwin Ltd; 30, The Sunday Telegraph.
For units 31-6 we are graceful to the University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate for permission to reproduce examination questions.

Unit 1
Then one day about a week lately he didn’t comc to the library. Miss
Crail was delighted; by half-past eleven she had told her mother, and on


returning from lunch she stood in front of the archaeology shelves where he

had been working since he came. She stared with theatrical concentration at
the rows of books, and Liz knew she was pretending to work out whether
Leamas had stolen anything.
Liz entirely ignored her for the rest of that day, failed to reply when she
addressed her and worked with assiduous application. When the evening
came, she walked home and cried herself to sleep.
The next morning she arrived early at the library. She somehow felt that
the sooner she got there, the sooner Leamas might come; but as the morning
dragged on, her

hopes faded, and she knew he would never come. She

had forgotten to make sandwiches tor herself that day, so she decided to take
a bus to the Bayswater Road and go to the A.B.C. She felt sick and empty, but
not hungry. Should she go and find him? She had promised never to follow
him, but he had promised to tell her; should she go and find him?
She hailed a taxi and gave his address.
She made her way up the dingy staircase and pressed the bell of his
door. The bell seemed to be broken; she heard nothing. There were three
bottles of milk on the mat and a letter from the electricity company. She
hesitated a moment, than:banged on the door, and she heard the faint groan
of a man.
From The spy who came in from the cold by John Le Carré.
1.1. By - in time expressions
a) By half-past eleven she had told her mother, (lines 2-3)
b) Fortunately, the secretary had finished typing the report by the time
her boss came back.
c) I thought that job would take me ages, but I had finished it by teatime.

d) It snowed heavily during the night, but it didn't settle, and most of it
hid disappeared by morning.
e) The tire broke out at about eight o’clock, but by nine the fire brigade
had got it under control.
f) The play was excruciatingly boring, 2nd by the end of the first act I
had had enough, so I left.
1.2. Past perfect continuous tense
a) She stood in front of the archaeology shelvei where he had been
working, (lines 3-5)
b) He hadn’t been feeling well for some time, so he decided to go to the
doctor’s.
c) He had been painting for years before hỉS talent was finally
recognised.
d) Her arrival took them by surprise. They hadn't been expecting her for
at least another hour.
e) The party had been travelling all day and were utterly exhausted
when they rcachcd their destination.
1.3.

Idioms with to/into
a) When the evening came, she walked home and cried herself to

sleep. (lines 11-12)
b) I sat up late watching the horror film on television. It frightened me to
death.
c) He spent the évcning in the pub, drinking himself into a stupor.
d) My essay wasn’t brillịant, I know, but there was fio need for him to
pull it to shreds like that.
e) She came home to find her favourite vase on the floor — smashed to
pieces.

f) Quite a lot of people found what he hid to say very interesting, but
personally I was bored to tears.
1.4. Double comparatives
a) She somehow felt that the sooner she got there, the ioaner Leamas
might come, (lines 13-15)
b) The more you practise, the better you’ll play.
c) The more carefully you do it, the less likely you are to rriake
mistakes.
d) The longer you wait, the harder it will be.
e) The more thoroughly you do the job now, the easier it will be when
you have to do it next time.
f) She hadn’t realised that the faster she worked, the more money she
would earn.
1.5. Might
a) The sooner she got there, the sooner Leamas might come, (lines 1415)
b) If you hurry, you might just get there in time.
c) He said he might be coming, but he wasn’t sure.
d) I can’t find my umbrella. I’ve a feeling I might have left it on the bus.
e) Knock again. They might not have heard the first time.
f) They might have told us they were going to be in England during the
summer. We would have liked to see them.
g) I know it wasn’t your fault, but you might have let me know you were
going to be late.
h) Excuse me, do you think I might have something to drink?


i) Jane asked her boss if she might have an afternoon off to do her
Christmas shopping,

j) Can you help me? I’m looking for a birthday present for my husband.’
“Certainly, madam. Might I suggest one of these new pocket
calculators?”

Unit 2
9 Singleton Drive,
Hallam Green,
Surrey.
15 March 1977
Dear Miss Nielsen,
Thank you for your inquiry about the au pair post.
First, let me give you an idea of the kind of work you would have to do.
A Woman comes in three mornings a week to clean the house, so you
would not have to do very much in the way of housework — perhaps a little
tidying up and washing up, particularly at weekends.
Your main job would be to look after my two children, Nicholas, aged
seven, and James, aged four.
At the moment I’m working out of town and can’t meet them when they
finish school. My husband takes them every morning, Nicholas to the local
primary school, and James to a nursery nearby. You would have to fetch them
- James at 12.45, and Nicholas at 3.30 — make their meals and look after
them until I get home at about five o’clock. James is starting at the sarfie
school as Nicholas in a few months, so that will make the situation a lot easier.
You would have the mornings free to attend a language school. We can
see about enrolline; you when you arrive.


We live in a modern five-bedroomed house, and the room you would
have is large and comfortably furnished. There are two bathrooms, a wellequipped kitchen and full central heating. We are not far from the town centre,
and there is an excellent bus service — the bus-stop is just a stone’s throw

away.
You would have plenty of free time and a generous allowance on top of
board and lodging. I feel sure you would be happy with us, and I hope you will
decide to come.
I look forward to hearing from you very soon.
Your sincerely,
Louise Jarvis
2.1 Present simple/present continuous
a) A woman comes in three mornings a week to clean the house, (lines
4—5)
b) She leaves the house at 7.30 every morning and catches the 7.50
train to London.
c) He used to run a small estate car, but now he drives a Rolls Royce.
d) Water boils at 100° Centigrade.
e) Johnson passes to Jones. Mackintosh challenges him - and the ball
goes out of play.
f) At the moment I'm working out of town, (line 10)
g) Joanna is wearing a long evening dress in apricot chiffon.
h) More people than ever before are going abroad for their holidays this
year.
i) 'Why are you standing here?’ ‘I’m waiting for some friends.’
2.2

Take/bring/fetch
a) My husband takes them every morning, (lines 11-12)


b) Would you take these letters to the post, Miss Williams?
c) Don’t forget to take vour tennis racket with you tomorrow.
d) Did you remember to bring your cheque-book?

e) They sat down in a quiet comer of the restaurant, and a waiter
brought them a menu.
f) You would have to fetch them, (line 13)
g) Sit down by the fire. Would you like me to fetch your slippers?
h) I’ll just go and fctch an ashtray. I think there’s one in the other room.
2.3

Present continuous tense expressing future
a) James is starting at the same school in a few months, (lines 16-17)
b) My son is going to Amenca next year to study at an American

university.
c) John is playing in the school orchestra next week. Will you be able to
come?
d) The President is paying a state visit to this country next month.
e) We’re leaving at about eight o’clock, so you’d better come round ac
about quarter to.
f) I think they’re moving to Surrey some time in October.
2.4. Phrasal verb - to see
a) We can see about enrolling you when you arrive, (line 19)
b) Vill you come and see me off at the station?
c) I'm pleased to have met you, Mr Lawton. My secretary will see you
out.
d) My car has been making a strange noise lately. I shall have to take it
to the garage and get it seen to.


e) He could never hide anything from anybody; you can see right
through him.
f) Now we’ve started, I suppose we’d better see it through.

g) A group of us are going to see over the new chocolate factory next
week.
2.5 Idiomatic expressions with ’s
a) The bus-stop is just a stone’s throw away, (lines 24—25)
b) We certainly got our money's worth last night.
c) For heaven’s sake pull vourself together!
d) Poor old Fred’s at his wits’ end. His wife’s just gone into hospital, and
he’s got four children to look after as well as a full-time job to cope with.
e) I don’t like the look of him at all. I should keep him at arm’s length if I
were you.
f) Of course I’m busy; but if you really need me, I can leave here at a
moment’s notice.

Unit 3
The way lhat people spend their money, and the objects on which they
spend It, are Che last areas where tree choice and individuality can be
expressed. The choice reflects personal taste, the way people see themselves
and the fantasies they have about their lives, the restrictions .on money
available to them, the presence of others in the family with a claim on that
money, and the influence of current convention, upbringing, surroundings and
locality. Shopping is an important human activity.
Yet shoppers are faced with a confusing situacion and a rapidly
changing one. The confusion arises from the claims made by advertising, from
inadequate information about products, new products, new materials, new


places to shop - a confusion enhanced by rising prices and a wider choice of
goods than ever before. The search for the right purchase is based on
ignorance of one’s own needs and ignorance of the product’s fitness for those
needs.

Faced with the problem of choosing any particular item, there are
several lines of communication which might pro vide some guidance. Yet none
of these is entirely satisfactory.
You can, for example, ask a shop assistant. Initially, especially in a large
self-servicc store, there may be some difficulty in finding anyone at all, and
even greater difficulty in finding anyone who knows about the products.
In a supermarket you may find a shelf-filler who offers to find the
manager, and then returns with the information thac he is out or on the phone.
She herself may or may not be helpful, but equally she may quite genuinely
not know 30 the answers. She may be a schoolgirl with a Saturday job, or a
housewife working part-time.
From The consumer jungle by Marion Giordan.
1.1

Plural nouns
a) The way that people spend their money can be influenced by current

convention, upbringing, surroundings and locality, (lines 1-8)
b) My company is looking tor new premises in the town.
c) He's in arrears with the rent, so his landlady has given him notice to
quit.
d) I’m afraid I accused him of something he didn’t do. I only hope I can
make amends one day.
e) You’ll find a list of the contents on the side of the packet.
f) I’d much rather drink beer than spirits.
1.2

Adjectives in -ing and -ed

a) Shoppers are faced with a confusing situation, (line 10)
b) He still seems very contused about what happened.
c) You look bored. Can’t you find anything to do?
d) What a boring programme! Isn’t there anything else on?
e) The racc was very exciting. The horses were neck and neck all the
way.
f) The children were so excited they could hardly sit still.
g) I always enjoy going round to John's. His father is so amusing.
h) It's difficult to keep the children amused during the holidays.
i) The new sales manager has some very interesting ideas.
j) You’re not interested in anything — that’s your trouble.
3.3 One
a) Shoppers are faced with a confusing situation and a rapidly changing
one. (lines 10-11)
b) ‘Could you pass me that book?’ ‘Which one do you mean?’
c) I’d racher.have a new car than a secondhand one.
d) I think I’m going to change my hairdresser. Can you recommend
one?
e) Her clothes were beginning to look shabby, so she decided it was
time she bought some new ones.
f) If you need another blanket. I'll get you one.
g) Are you sure that’s the one you want?
h) I’m sorrv. These are not the ones I ordered.
3.4

Arise/raise/rise
a) The confusion arises partly from the claims made by advertising.

(lines 11-12)

b) Several important matters have arisen since the last board meeting.
c) I have plenty more in stock, should the need arise.
d) He's hoping to start his own business if he can raise the capital.
e) It seems unfair to raise his hopes when he stands so little chance of
success.
f) Before we go on to the next item, there are one or two points I’d like
to raise.
g) I can’t understand why the cake didn’t rise.
h) The plane rose into the sky like a giant bird.
i) What time does the curtain rise?
3.5

May
i) In a supermarket you may find a shelf-filler who offers to find the

manager, (lines 21—28)
b) The road may be blocked — there was a lot of snow in the night.
c) He may help, but on the other hand he mav not.
d) I should Cake a coat if I were you. It may well be colder at the coast.
e) ‘May I borrow vour car?’ ‘No, you may not!’
f) May I have the day off tomorrow?
g) Where have you been, may I ask?

Unit 4
It was quite a large hole, the sort of thing an animal about the size of a
fox might have made.
James knelt down in front of it, and poked his head and shoulders
inside.
He crawled in.

He kept on crawling.
This-isn't a hole, he thought excitedly. It's a tunnel!
The tunr.el was damp and murky, and all around him there was the
curious bittersweet smell of fresh peach. The floor was soggy under his knees,
the walls were wet and sticky, and peach juice was dripping from the ceiling.
James opened his mouth and caught some of it on his . tongue. It tasted
delicious.
He was crawling uphill now, as though the tunnel were leading straight
towards the very centre of the gigantic fruit. Every tew seconds he paused and
took a bite out of the wall. The peach flesh was sweet and juicy, and
marvellously refreshing.
He crawled on for several more yards, and then suddenly - bang — the
top of his head bumped into something extremely hard blocking his way. He
glanced up. In front of him there was a solid wall that seemed at first as
though it were made of wood. He touched it with his fingers. It certainly/elt like
wood, except chat it was very jagged and full of deep grooves.
‘Good heavens!’ he said. ‘I know what this is! I’ve come to the stone in
the middle of the peach!’
Then he nociced that there was a small door cut into the face ot'the
peach stone. He gave a push. It swung open. He crawled through It, and
before he had time to glance up

and see where he was, he heard a voice

saying, ‘Look who’% here!' And another one said. ‘We’ve been waiting for
you!’
James stopped and stared at the speakers, his face white with horror.
He started to stand up, but his knees were shaking so much he had to sit

down again on the floor.
From James and the giant peach by Roald Dahl.
4.1

Quite


a) It was quite a large hole, the sort of thing an animal about the size of
a fox might have made, (lines 1—2)
b) I thought I was going to be very early, but quite a lot of people were in
their seats by the time I arrived.
c) His books are quite interesting, but I doubt if he’ll ever write a bestseller.
d) They are quite similar, I agree, but if you look really carefully, you’ll
see they are not quite the same.
e) It was quite the most delightful day of our entire holiday.
f) ‘Do you like your new car?’. ‘Well, I haven’t quite got used to it yet.’
g) ‘I’ve been waiting for half an hour. Are you ready yet?’ ‘Not quite.’
h)

‘I’m sorry I burst in like that. I should have knocked, shouldn’t I?’

‘Quite!’
4.2

To keep (on) + -ing
a) He poked his head and shoulders inside. He crawled in. He kept on

crawling, (lines 3-6)
b) We’ll just have to keep walking until we come to a signpost.
c) She’s old now, and she keeps forgetting things.

d) I wish you wouldn’t keep interrupting when I’m Crying to explain it to
you.
e) Joan suggested that they should all go for a picnic in the afternoon provided it didn’t keep on raining.
4.3

Very
a) The tunnel led straight towards the very centre of the ỊÌgantic fruit.

(lines 14—16)
b) He won first prize in the state lottery the very first time he bought a
ticket.


c) Of course you can’t borrow the car to take your girlfriend to Italy! The
very idea of it!
d) The lights went out, and at that very moment a piercing scream
echoed through the house.
e) The performance is tomorrow, so we’ll practise it now for the very last
time.
4.4 As if/as though
a)There was a solid wall that seemed atfirst as though it were made of
wood, (lines 22—23)
b) From what you tell me, it sounds as if he ought to sec a doctor as
soon as possible.
c) When they come back from a holiday, they always look 3S though
they could do with a week in bed.
d) These apples smell as if they’ve been in a cupboard full of soap.
e) He’s a conceited idiot. He talks as though he's the only one who
knows anything about it.
f) I know he’s a difficult person to deal with, but it’s no use treating him

as if he were a tool.
4.5 Result clauses
a) His knees were shaking so much he had to sit down aqain on the
floor (lines 3-4—35)
b) He looked so white I thought he was going to pass out.
c) Buying a house is so expensive that, we have decided to try and rent
one instead.
d) She sang so sweetly that even the hardened old music critic of the
echo was moved to tears.


e) So eloquent was he chac no fewer than ten members of the
Opposition voted against their own party.
f) This homework is so disgracefully untidy that I intend to show it to the
headmaster.

Unit 5
Repairing a tuse
Fuses are safety devices inserted in electrical lighting, heating and
power circuits. When a circuit becomes overloaded or shorted, the fuse wire,
which is thinner and softer than the main circuit wires, heats and melts,
automatically cutting off the electrical supply to the circuit

affected - thus

minimising risks of fire and shock. Repair necessities are a card of fuse-wire
and a small insulated screwdriver; these should be stored near the tuse-boxes
cogether with a torch or candles and matches.
Before opening the fuse-tbox, the current must be switched off at the
main. Examine all the fuses in the box; the burnt one can usually be identified

by a sooty smudge on the white porcelain holder. Loosen the screws in the
holder and remove every piece of the old wire; wipe off the sooty deposit
before replacing the burnt wire with a new piece of correct strength. The
amperage is usually stamped on the side of the porcelain holder - 5 amp tor
lighting, 10 amp for heating, and 15 amp for power. It is dangerous to use wire
stronger than the specified amperage, and only fuse-wire should be used - not
hairpins or old bits of any odd wire.
Coil the ends of the new length of wire round the securing screws in the
porcelain holder and under the washers, snip off the surplus ends of wire and
tighten the screws. The wire should be slightly slack between the two
ccrminals to permit normal cooling contraction atter the wire becomes hoc tight wires snap easily. Replace the fuse-holders in the box and switch the
current on at the main.


From The good handyman’s encyclopedia by F. J. Christopher ind
Rosemary Brinley Christopher.
5.1

Should
a) These items should be stored near the fuse-boxes. (line 8)
b) What should we do if the water pressure drops below the

recommended minimum?
c) Under no circumstances should repairs be undertaken by
unauthorised personnel.
d) You shouldn’t have tried to do a job like that with a screwdriver.
e) You say I shouldn’t have used a screwdriver; what should I have
used?
f) I’ve fixed it with a hairpin and a piece of insulating tape. It should last
for a few days.

g) I need some piiers for this job; there should be a pair in my tool-box.
h) He worked very hard and did very well in the practice tests, so he
should have passed his examination.
i) Should you have any difficulty with this equipment, do not hesitate to
contact the manufacturers.
j) If you should need any further information, telephone me at once.
5.2

To loosen/loose/to lose
a) Loosen the screws in the holder and remove every piece of the old

wire, (lines 13—14)
b) You mustn’t do it up too tightly; we have to be able to loosen those
nuts by hand.
c) One of the handles on this drawer has worked loose; do you think
you could tighten it for me?
d) You can turn the dog loose when we get to the park.


e) Who was it who said, ‘Man has nothing to lose but his chains’?.
f) She lost one job because she couldn't be punctual, and now it looks
as if she’s going to lose another.
5.3

It + to be + adjective + infinitive
a) It is dangerous to use wire stronger than the specified amperage.

(lines 18-19)
b) I see they used nails; I think it would have been better to use screws.
c) It would probably be advisable to buy a couple of new tyres instead of

crying to repair the old ones.
d) What a place to get a puncture! The ground was so soft that it was
impossible to use the jack.
e) Will it be safe to use an adaptor and run the electric kettle off the
same point as the fire?
f) It isn’t wise to have yards of flex trailing all over the floor.
5.4 Only
a) Onlyfuse-u/ire should be used -not hairpins or old bits of any odd
wire, (lines 19-21)
b) Of all the people present, only John had any real understanding of
the problem.
c) The plumber only repaired the taps; he didn’t putin a new washbasin.
d) The bumper was only scratchcd; the garage needn’t have put on a
new one.
e) Prizes were awarded only to the best three contestants.
f) He only dented it a bit; he didn’t ruin it completely.
g) Tills lamp should be working; I put a new bulb in only last week.


h) Television was invented only about forty years ago.

Unit 6
Thompson (Engineering) Ltd,
Ingleton Trading Estate,
Northwall,
Manchester, 29.
M. Auguste Némoz,
Lacoste Meunicr et Cie,
Angers,
France.

3 July 1977
Dear Monsieur Nemoz,
Thank you for vour letter dated 29 June. Mr Sanderson has told me of
vour interest in our Combine Harvester 876, and I have his report on your
recent discussions ac che Parib conference.
A major problem will be the question of a delivery date. At the moment,
we have more work than we can handle and are having to turn away orders.
However, we are thinking of raking on extra staff to cope with demand. If we
do, then I wouia nope to oe able to ouotc a reasonably early date.
On rhe technical side. I understand that you would like to send over
some of your senior engineers to work with our tenm here for a few weeks. If
this were possible, it would certainly go a long way towards eliminating manv
of the problems which some ot our customers come up against in the initial
stages'. It is a suggestion which I very much welcome, and we will do
everything possible to make such a co-operacion profitable for all concerned.
You mention in your letter that you will be coming to Manchester for a
sales conference next month. This would seem to be an ideal opportunity for


us to discuss the matter more fully. By then, I would hope to have a decision
on the question of increased production and should be in a position to discuss
a realistic delivery date.
We will also have to discuss the matter of insurance and shipment, but I
don’t envisage any complications there.
I look forward to hearing from you conccrning a date for our meeting.
With good wishes.
Yours sinccrcly,
D. R. Rivers Sales Director
6.1

Phrasal verbs - to turn
a) We are having to turn away orders, (line 7)
b) He wanted to go to university, but his application was turned down.
c) Do you think you could turn your radio down, please?
d) It’s getting late. I think i’ll turn in now.
e) I was turned out by my landlord for not paying the rent.
f) All the guests have arrived, but the speaker hasn’t turned up vet.
g) Don't worry. I’m sure your ring will turn up somewhere.

6.2

Stative verbs
a) We are thinking of taking on extra staff. (lines7-8)
b) I think you are making a big mistake.
c) He says he doesn't feel like going out tonight.
d) Are you feeling any better today
e) Do you remember me? We met at the Wilsons party last month.
f) ‘Why are you laughing?' 'I was just remembering that joke Harry cold

me last night.’


g) Do you see chat house over there? That's where my grandfather was
bom.
h) I must have had too much to drink; I’m seeing double!
6.3

Do - pro form
a) We’re thinking of taking on extra staff. If we do, I will be able to quote

a reasonably early date, (lines 7—10)
b) I shouldn’t think I’ll go shopping today, but if I do. I’ll certainly get
some razor blades for you.
c) ‘I wish you wouldn’t talk like that.’ ‘Why not? Everyone else does.’
d) ‘Would you like a cigarette?’ ‘I don’t, thanks.’
e) We don’t really expect her to pass her driving test first time, but we’ll
be delighted if she does.
f) My father hasn’t heard the news yet, but he’ll be furious when he
does.
6.4

Conditionals
a) If this were possible, it would certainly be helpful, (lines 13-14)
b) I wouldn’t invite you if I didn’t think you’d enjoy it.
c) If he went to-Canada, how long would he stay?
d) Would you mind if I left work a bit early today?
e) It’s none of my business, of course, but if I were you, I‘d keep quiet

about it.
f) She said she would accept the job if she were offered it.
g) If you knew him as well as I did, I’m sure you’d like him.
6.5

Prepositions in final position
a) It will eliminate some of the problems our- customers come up

against, (lines 14—16)


b) Has this glass been drunk out of?

c) Have you seen John anywhere? I’ve just been up to his room, and
his bed hasn’t been slept in.
d) Would vou mind moving, please - that’s my chair you're sitting on.
e) The kitchen floor looks clean enough to eat off.
f) Some people.think that a preposition is a bad word to end a sentence
with!

Unit 7
Wanted. Five enterprising people to
undertake challenging project.
Exactly 50 years ago, a man called Hans Wilsdorf unveiled the Rolex
Oyster case. It was the first case that was truly capable of protecting die
delicate watch mechanisms, not only against water, but also dust, dirt, shock
and the elements.
Since then, K'olex have gone on to pioneer virtually every major
breakthrough in the manufacture of the wrist-watch, from the Perpetual selfwinding movement to the Day-Date showing the date and day of the week in
full.
All this time, the Rolex owners themselves have not been idle. Lord
Hunt has conquered Everest, Sir Francis Chichester has sailed round the
world single-handed.
And Jackie Stewart and Ạrnold Palmer have become legends in the
worlds of motor racing and golf.
Now, to mark the 50th anniversary of the Oyster case,

Rolex

have

created the Awards for Enterprise. Theứ lim, to stimulate new projects which
carry on the tradition of enterprise and achievement associated with the name

Rolex.


There are just five awards, each consisting of 50,000 Swiss Francs.
The Awards will be presented, together with a specially inscribed Rolex
Chronometer, to the people who submit the five most original and imaginative
projects involving Exploration and Discovery, Applied Sciences and Invention
or The Environment.
A special booklet is available from most Rolex dealers, which gives full
details of the Awards and explains the background to them.
Over the last 50 years, Rolcx watches and their owners have made
history in almost every sphere of human endeavour.
The Awards for Enterprise is a unique opportunity for five people to write
their own chaptcr in the next 50 years of Rolcx history.
Roiex of Geneva, advertisement from Time Magazine
(Europe/. (Adapted.)
7.1 Compound nouns with ‘break’
a) Since then, Roiex have Oime on to pioneer virtually every major
breakthrough in the manufacture of the wrist-watch. (lines 6-8)
b) I’ve never had a breakdown in this car — touch wood!
c) The misunderstanding was due to a breakdown of communication
more than anything else.
d) He hasn’t been completely stable since his nervous breakdown last
year.
e) The management wants a complete breakdown of your expenditure
over the last six months.
f) The police arc looking for three prisoners. Apparently there was a
breakout last night.
g) Local farmers are concerned about the recent outbreak of foot and
mouth disease in the area.

h) He hasn't been the same since the break-up of his marriage.
7.2 Adverbials with present perfect
a) All this time, the Rolex owners themselves have not been idle. (lines
10-11)
b) The cold weather hasn’t bothered me up to now.
c) Have you been to the cinema lately?
d) No, I haven’t finished yet. I’ve only just started as a matter of fact.
e) Write your names at the top of the page, if you haven’t already done
so.
f) Since the accident, he has been rather reluctant to drive.
g) That reminds me, we haven’t seen the Wrights tor a long time
7.3 Future passive
a) The Awards will be presented to the people who submit the five most
original projects, (lines 22—24)
b) The programme won’t be televised until early in the New Year.
c) The new racing-car will be driven for the first time by Sergio
Gonzales, the reigning champion.
d) The articles will be sent through the post on receipt of your order.
e) The final will be played on 8 September, not the 1st as previously
announced.
f) The results won't be announced before the end of the month.
g) When will his book actually be published?
7.4

-ing clauses
a) Awards will be presented for the most original projects involving

Exploration and Discovery (lines 22-25)

b) In each room were showcases containing valuable antique clocks.


c) I know the lawyer working on the case personally.
d) The girl talking to the man with the beard used to live next door to
me.
e) At the airport you’ll see a man carrying a copy of The Financial
Times. He is your contact.
f) Only those applicants holding a current driving licence will be
considered for the post.
7.5

Opportunity/chance/occasion/possibility
a) The Awards for Enterprise IS a unique opportunity forfive people to

write their own chapter in the next 50 years of Rolex history, (line? 33-35)
b) There aren’t so many opportunities tor graduates now as there were
ten years ago.
c) With his opportunities, he should have made a success of his career.
d) There’s verv littie chance ot’the situation improving in the immediate
future.
e) She has no chance of getting the job.
f) What are the chances of the operation being successful?
g) The whole family came to see my grandmother when she had her
hundredth birthday. She had a telegram from the Queen, too. It was quite an
occasion.
h) She was exrremely rude to her employer. I think she will, have
occasion to regret her words in the future.
i) The staff party is usually quite enjoyable. On one occasion we had
quite a well-known comcdian to entertain us.

j) Will you be able to come next week?’ ‘It’s a possibility.’
k) I think the idea has possibilities, but I’d like to consider all the
implications before deciding definitely.


l) There is no possibility whatever of your being granted a gaming
licence in this town.

Unit 8
They both wore thin rubber masks.
Identical.
I looked at the two identical faceless faces in tingling disbelief. I was not
the sort of person to whom rubber-masked individuals up to no good paid calls
at twenty to midnight. I was a thirty-four-year-old sober-minded businessman
quietly bringing up to date the account books at my father’s training stables in
Newmarket.
The pool oflight from the desk lamp shone squarely upon me and the
work I had been doing, and the two rubber faces moved palely against the
near-black panelling of the dark room like alien moons closing in on the sun. I
had looked up when the latch clicked, and there they were, two dim figures
calmly walking in from the hall of the big

house, silhouetted briefly against

the soft lighting behind them and then lost against the panelling as they closed
the door. They moved without a squeak, without a scrape, on the bare
polished floor. Apart from the unhuman faces, they were black from head to
foot.
I picked up the telephone receiver and dialled the first of three nines.
One of them closed in faster, swung his arm, and smashed downwards

on the telephone. I moved my finger fractionally in time with the second nine
all but complete,

but no one was ever going to achieve the third. The black

gloved hand slowly disentangled a heavy police truncheon from the mangled
remains of the Post Office’s property.
From Bonecrack by Dick Francis.
8.1

Both