Analogies for critical thinking g4

clock: ticks

cow: moos

A terrific way to:
• Sharpen logical thinking skills
• Prepare for standardized tests
• Understand word relationships
• Improve & develop vocabulary


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Editor
Eric Migliaccio

Editor in Chief
Ina MassIer Levin, M.A.
Creative Director
Karen J. Goldftuss, M.S. Ed.
lIIustrator
Renee Mc Elwee
Cover Artist
Brenda DiAntonis
Art Coordinator
Renee Me Elwee

clock: ticks

Imaging
Leonard P. Swierski

A terrific

way to:

• Sharpen logical thinking
• Prepare for standardized

skills
tests

Publisher

• Understand

Mary D. Smith, M.S. Ed.

• Improve & develop vocabulary

word relationships

Author

Ruth Foster, M.Ed.

The classroom teacher may
reproduce copies of the
materials in this book for use in
a single classroom only. The
reproduction of any part of the
book for other classrooms or
for an entire school or school
system is strictly prohibited. No
part of this publication may be
transmitted, stored, or recorded
in any form without written
permission from the publisher.

Teacher Created Resources
6421 Industry Way
Westminster, CA 92683
W\NW. teachercreated .com
ISBN: 978-1-4206-3167-8
© 2011 Teacher Created Resources

Made

in

U.S.A.


Table of Contents
Introduction

3

Science

Introducing Analogies

4

Science 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

............... 5

Skeleton Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Synonyms in Analogies.

33

Antonyms in Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6

Spelling

Synonym and Antonym Practice . . . . . . . . . 7

Homophones.

Synonym and Antonym Analogies

8

Homophones 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Plurals

9

The Seven Wonders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

36
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Adjectives

10

Amazing Nines

What People Use

11

Fun Down Under. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Things that Go Together

12

Review of Analogy Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Past and Present

13

Review of Analogy Types 2

Past and Present 2

14

Use What You Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Purpose

15

Use What You Know 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Where Things Go

16

Use What You Know 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Animal Family Names

17

Use What You Know 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Finding the Connection

18

Analogies in Writing

48

Finding the Connection 2

19

Analogies in Writing 2

49

Finding the Connection 3

20

Far Out Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Trying Out the Connection

21

Analogies in Reading

40

43

51

Part to Whole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Analogies in Reading 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Less Than/More Than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Analogies in Reading 3

53

Classifying Analogies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Connection Review

54

Classifying Analogies 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Connection Review 2

55

Practice Making Classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Practice Being the Teacher

56

Multiple-Meaning Words

27

Practice Being the Teacher 2

57

Multiple-Meaning Words 2

28

Practice What You Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Math

29

Practice What You Know 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Math 2

30

Answer Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Social Studies

31

Answer Key

61

Social Studies 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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2

©Teacher Created Resources


Introduction
Think of an analogy as a wonderful puzzle, and one has a great interdisciplinary teaching
exercise.
An analogy is a type of comparison. An analogy is when a likeness is found between two
unlike things. If approached as a puzzle, one solves the analogy by finding out how the
pieces fit together. What links the words to each other? How can they be connected or
tied together? What is the relationship between them?

cat is to meow as dog is to

bark

Although the example above may appear to be easy, it is an exercise that involves cognitive
processes and critical-thinking skills. One must comprehend the words read, categorize
them, understand the connection between them, and then find a similar connection between
a different pair of words. In this case, both meow and bark are sounds that a cat and dog
make, respectively.
Analogies written for this series will focus on a variety of word relationships. They will develop,
reinforce, and expand skills in the following areas:
~

visual imagery

~

reading comprehension

~

paying attention to detail (word sequence within word pairs)

~

vocabulary development

~

synonym, antonym, and homophone recognition and recall

~

understanding different shades of word meanings

~

reasoning

~

standardized-test taking

Students will be able to demonstrate mastery by doing the following:
~

working with both multiple-choice and write-out question formats

~

analyzing and fixing incorrect analogies

~

writing their own analogies in both question and sentence format

For interdisciplinary practice, some analogies will be subject-specific (addressing science,
math, or social studies, for example). Others will push students to think outside of the box,
as creative and imaginative connections between words will be asked for. Students may then

explain in writing or verbally (depending on skill level) how they created analogous word pairs
or situations.
Blank answer sheets can be found on page 60. Use these sheets to provide your students with
practice in answering questions in a standardized-test format.

©Teacher Created Resources

3

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Introducing Analogies
Directions: Fill in the word you think should go in the blank.
1. Duck is to duckling as cat is to

_

2. Duck is to quack as lion is to

_

3. Duck is to feathers as dog is to

_

4. Duck is to wing as person is to

_

5. Duck is to swim as rabbit is to

_

What did you just do? You made analogies! An analogy is a likeness in some way between
things that are otherwise unlike.
A duckling is not a kitten, but a duckling is like a kitten because they
are both kinds of animal babies.
Sometimes analogies are written like this:
( duck: duckling :: cat: kitten)
• The single colon (:) compares two items in a word pair.
• The double colon (::) compares the first word pair to the second word pair.

6. Rewrite question 2, 3, 4, or 5 in the analogy form using colons.

Directions: Fill in the blanks to finish the analogies.
7. male: boy:: female:

_

8. male: father :: female:

_

9. male: uncle :: female:

_

10. male: man :: female:

_

11. male: nephew:: female:

_

12. male: actor :: female:

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

_

4

©Teacher Created Resources


Synonyms in Analogies
A synonym is a word that is nearly the same in meaning as another word.
1. Which word is not a synonym of the others?

®

brave

®

©

bold

®

cowardly

fearless

2. Which answer makes the best analogy?

®
®

©
®

brave: bold:: cowardly: fearless
brave: fearless :: bold: daring

cowardly: bold :: brave: fearless
fearless: cowardly:: daring: bold

Directions: Find the synonym that best completes the analogy.
3. Cry is to weep as cure is to

®

blubber

®

sob

©

hurt

®

heal

©

discover

®

forget

©

laugh

®

giggle

®

break

4. Search is to hunt as find is to

®

lose

®

hide

5. Grin is to smile as scowl is to

®

frown

®

chuckle

6. Secret is to hidden as shatter is to

®

mend

®

_

©

mysterious

open

7. Glance is to look as glow is to

®

shine

®

_

©

search

see

8. Travel is to move as remain is to

®

go

®

®

moon

_

©

migrate

lift

®

stay

Directions: Write down four answers. Only one answer should be correct!
9. Good is to excellent as bad is to

_

©
®

®
®

10. Which one of your answers was correct? Write a sentence telling why. Use the word
synonym in your sentence.

©Teacher Created Resources

5

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Antonyms in Analogies
An antonym is a word that is the opposite in meaning of another word.
1. Which word is an antonym of the others?

®

elementary

®

©

easy

®

simple

hard

2. What answer makes the best analogy?

®

®

elementary:

©
®

hard :: dull: exciting

hard: easy:: droop: sag

simple: hard :: fast: quick
hard: elementary::

beautiful: pretty

Directions: Find the antonym that best completes the analogy.
3. Narrow is to wide as sorrow is to

®

easy

®

joy

©

long

®

clear

©

close

®

allow

©

shrink

®

see

©

splash

®

radio

4. Lower is to raise as stop is to

®

halt

®

cease

5. Appear is to erase as grow is to

®

move

®

increase

6. Tear is to mend as speak is to

®

talk

®

listen

7. Expensive is to cheap as wild is to

®

valuable

®

_

©

crazy

tame

8. Heartless is to kind as firm is to

®

wobbly

®

®

exit

®

nasty

_

©

happy

crazy

Directions: Write down four answers. Only one answer should be correct!
9. Lead is to follow as smooth is to

_

®
®

©
®

10. Which one of your answers was correct? Write a sentence telling why. Use the word
antonym in your sentence.

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

6

©Teacher Created Resources

Synonym and Antonym Practice
Directions: Choose the answer that best completes the analogy. Write synonyms or
antonyms on the blank line to describe how the question and answer words are related.
Remember ...
• Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning.
• Synonyms are words that mean the same.
1. light: gloom

®
®
©
®

2. gown: dress

®
®
©
®

good: nice
good: fine
good: evil
good: proper

®
'®
©
®

glossy: shiny
heavy: light
wonderful: awful
sick: healthy

®
®
©
®

hate: love
send: receive
exit: enter
delay: wait

®
®
©
®

create: ruin
make: build
sketch: draw
jump: hop

®
®
©
®

hush: yell
mix: shuffle
offer: take
admire: hate

©Teacher Created Resources

doze: sleep
obey: disobey
giggle: laugh
tease : pester

chew: bite
cellar: basement
capture: trap
doubt: trust

sing: mumble
shove: hug
shut: close
fight: play

10. close: far

9. slant: tilt

®
®
©
®

coat: jacket

8. shiver: quake

7. begin: cease

®
®
©
®

pants: zipper

6. float: sink

5. release : free

®
®
©
®

sock: foot

4. throw: catch

3. cheerful: joyful

®

®
©
®

hat: mitten

7

donate: give
mix: separate
beg: plead
fasten: tie

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Synonym and Antonym Analogies
Directions: Write as many synonyms and antonyms as you can think of for the given words.
Then, use a thesaurus to add even more words to your list.
Synonyms

Antonyms

1. connect
2. happy
3. wise
4. beautiful
5.

make

Directions: Write analogy questions using some of the words you wrote down. At least one
question should use synonyms and at least one should use antonyms.

6.

_
@----------------------®----------------------©----------------------®-----------------------

Synonym or antonym:

_

Correct answer: -----

_

Correct answer:

_

_

Correct answer:

_

~-----------------------------@---------------------®---------------------©---------------------®---------------------Synonym or antonym:

8.

_
@---------------------®---------------------©---------------------®----------------------

Synonym or antonym:
#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

8

©Teacher Created Resources


Plurals
Directions: Think about how some words are singular (one) or plural (more than one). Then
choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to order!

I mice:

mouse

I

I

is not the same as mouse: mice

1. mice: mouse is

0

singular: plural

®

plural: singular

3. fathers : father

I

I

2. mouse: mice is

0

singular: plural

®

plural: singular

4. face: faces

5. cactus : cacti

0

aunt: aunts

0

eye: eyes

0

horses: horse

®
©
®

mother: mothers

®
©
®

noses: nose

®
©
®

stars: star

woman : women
babies: baby

6. plates : plate

chins: chin
lashes : lash

7. foot: feet

person: people
boxes: box

8. geese: goose

0

cup: cups

0

toes: toe

0

duck: ducks

®
©
®

men: man

®

©
®

leg: legs

®
©
®

fox: foxes

spoon : spoons
wolf : wolves

9. lips: lip

knees: knee
hands: hand

10. sheep : sheep

oxen: ox
camel : camels

11. deer: deer

0

mouth: mouths

0

tree: trees

0

child: little

®
©
®

ear: ears

®
©
®

tree : leaves

®
©
®

baby: helpless

cheek: cheeks
teeth : tooth

tree: branch

tree: oak

child: children
baby: cries

12. Write your own analogy using singular and plural words. Make sure only one of your
answers is correct!

0
®-----©Teacher Created Resources

_ ----------- ©-----------

----------- ®----------9

#3167 Analogiesfor

Critical Thinking


Adjectives
Adjectives are often used in analogies. An adjective is a word that describes a noun.
Adjectives answer three questions:
1. What kind is it?

2. How many are there?

3. Which one is it?

Directions: Fill in the blanks and find the answer that best completes the analogies.

1. In the word pair 1 polar bear: white I, the word _W-'--'-

a

is an

because it tells what kind of polar bear it is.

I

2. In the word pair ferocious:
___________
3. zebra: striped

grizzly bear

I, the

word

is an

because it tells what kind of grizzly bear it is.
4. sour: lemon

5. swamp: wet

®

cheetah: slow

®

spicy: milk

®

dry: desert

®

giraffe: short

®

sweet: lime

®

beach: sandy

©
®

eel: slippery

©
®

hard: jam

©
®

flat: plain

bird: furry

6. wood: table

hot:pepper

7. 12: months

rounded: hill

8. dozen: 12

®

toy : stuffed

®

365: days

®

baker's dozen: 11

®

knife: steel

®

365 : years

®

baker's dozen : 12

©
®

bag : plastic

©
®

352: days

©
®

baker's dozen : 13

rubber: ball

9. glue: sticky

352 : years

10. bright: sun

baker's dozen : 14

11. elephant:

huge

®

desk: soft

®

rain: wet

®

fly: large

®

crayon: colorful

®

fog: damp

®

flea: gigantic

©
®

board: eraser

©
®

frozen: ice

©
®

bee: enormous

chair: couch

snow: white

ant: miniscule

12. Think of three adjectives that might be used to describe each noun.
• city:
• country:
13. Make an analogy using words and answers from question 12.

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

10

©Teacher Created Resources


What People Use
Some word pairs in analogies are connected by what people
use or need in their jobs.
• Example:

knight: sword (person to what he/she uses)
sword: knight (what he/she uses to person)

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each
analogy. Then write down other items the person in the
question might use.

1. gardener : hoe

®
®
©
®

pen: writer
easel: painter
firefighter: hose

spacesuit: astronaut

2. rope: climber

®
®
©
®

costume: actor
catcher: mitt
weaver: loom
miner: pick
,

3. jockey: horse

®
®
©
®

oven : baker
plane: pilot
ship: captain
farmer: tractor

rake,
4. carpenter:

®
®
©
®

hammer

sink: dishwasher
fisherman : net
scalpel: surgeon
paint: artist

7. bloodhound : scent

®
®
©
®

ladder: firefighter
detective: clue
shovel: gardener
crane: builder

5. teacher: chalk

®
®
©
®

student: child
student: learn
student : desk
student: think

8. archer : arrow

®
®
©
®

runner: race
jumper: hop
player: win
wrestler: mat

6. logger: axe

®
®
©
®

cook: oven
clay: potter
brick: mason
stone: sculptor

9. bandage: nurse

®
®
©
®

nail: hammer
mop: janitor
key: lock
vet :dog

10. Write an analogy using some of the items you wrote on the lines above.

©Teacher Created Resources

11

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Things that Go Together
Directions: Write down what you think of when you read these words:
(There are no wrong answers. Just write down the first thing you think of.)
·penand

_

• peanutbutterand

_

• milk and

_

• bowland

_

• night and

Peanut
Butter

_

Check to see if the person sitting next to you or other students in your class thought of the
same things.

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes the analogies. The connection between
the word pairs is things that go together.

Hint: Say the balded words with the word and between them (for example, "fish and chips").
1. Fish is to chips as sugar is to

®

bag

©

®

potatoes

@ spice

2:

_

Pillow is to bed as stamp is to

®
®

trout

3. Bread is to butter as salt is to

_

sheet

©

rest

envelope

@

expensive

4. Bat is to ball as bow is to

_

®

pepper

©

grainy

®

arrow

©

sky

®

white

@

tasty

®

net

@

basket

5. Table is to chair as hide is to ----

®
®

smell

©

seek

scream

@

sit

7. Tooth is to nail as lock is to

®
®

steal

©

turn

key

@

code

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

_

6. Peas is to carrots as strawberries is to

®
®
_

corners

©

cream

cats

@

cows

8. Pins is to needles as thunder is to

12

®

cloud

©

flat

®

frightening

@

lightning

©Teacher Created Resources

Past and Present
A verb is an action word. A verb tells you what you are doing. Verbs have different tenses.
The present tense is for an action that is happening now. The past tense is for an action that
has already happened.

Directions: Look at the examples of verbs. Write down two more examples using different
verbs.
Present

Past

Today I

sleep

Yesterday I

slept

Today I

eat

Yesterday I

ate

Today I

Yesterday I

Today I

Yesterday I

Directions: Choose a word from the word box that best completes each analogy.
swung

shut

shook

say

touched

keep

caught

hold

take

rode

1. choose: chose:: catch:
2. lock: locked:: touch:

3. bent: bend:: kept:

4.

step: stepped:: swing:

5. spent: spend :: held:
6. walk: walked :: ride:
7. split: split :: shut:

8. tore: tear:: took:
9. wash : washed :: shake :
10. spoke: speak :: said:
11. Write down the question numbers of the ones that were ...
• present to past

_

• synonyms

_

• past to present

_

• impossible to tell

_

©Teacher Created Resources

13

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Past and Present 2
Some analogies are based on past and present verb tenses. Something past has already
happened. Something present is now.

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Watch out for spelling
errors! Sitted is not a word. The past tense of sit is sat. Also, pay attention to order.
1. slide: slid

®
®

2. slid: slide

®
®

present: past
past: present

3. climb: climbed :: sell :

®
®

©

®

sells
selled

past: present

4. paid: pay:: meant:
sold

®

meaned

selling

®

mean

5. weave: wove

©
®

meaning

©
®

break: broke
broke: break

meanted

6. threw: throw

®

runned: run

®

run: runned

©
®

wound: wind

®

buyed: buy

wind: wound

®

buy: buyed

7. hopped: hop

®
®

present: past

8. dress: dressed

write: wrote

©

build: builded

®

draw: drew

©

bit: bitted

wrote: write

®

builded: build

®

drew: draw

®

bitted: bit

9. Write down the past and present tense of two verbs. The verbs you list should not be in
the questions.
Present

Past

1.

2.
10. Make an analogy using your verbs from question 9.

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

14

©Teacher Created Resources


Purpose
Some analogies are based on how things can be used, or what their purposes are.

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy.
Hint: Pay attention to order:

I spoon:

stir 1 is not the same as 1 stir: spoon

1. spoon : stir is

®
®

2. stir: spoon is

®
®

thing: use
use: thing

3. bake: oven :: cool :

®
®

stove
toaster

4.

©
®

radio: watch

®

watch: radio

refrigerator

slice: knife
knife: slice

©
®

raft: float :: bike:

©
®

push

©
®

cut: scissors

©
®

talk: voice
tooth: chew

movie : watch

©

sweep: broom

call:phone

®

warn: alarm

pedal
pull

shovel: dig

®

chair: table

dig: shovel

®

table: chair

plow

scissors: cut

8. ear: hear

©
®

®
®

spoon: fork
fork: spoon

see: eye
smell: nose

10. straw: sip

9. sprinkler: water

®
®

use: thing

6. carry : backpack

7. pencil : draw

®
®

thing: use

®
®

microwave

5. hoe: weed

®

I·

pencil : eraser

©

ink: read

axe: chop

®

paper: white

®

®

11. Look at the answer choices for question 10. Which answer choices would have been
correct if they were written in a different order?

12. Make an analogy of your own with a

©Teacher Created Resources

1

thing: use

15

1

or

I use:

thing

I

connection.

#3167 Analogiesfor

Critical Thinking

Where Things Go
Some analogies are based on where things go, where they live, or where they're found.

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy.
Hint: Pay attention to order:

I rug:

I

I

floor is not the same as floor: rug
2. rug: floor is

1. floor: rug is

®
®

®
®

thing: where goes
where goes: thing

fire truck
elevator

©
®

®
®

computer
classroom

®

boat: ship

©

truck: road

®

plane: flies

®

snow: skis

®
®

®

land: ostrich

©
®

cook: ambulance
doctor: pool

forest

coat: closet
shelf: book

dolphin: water

®

paper: pencil

land: eel

®

wall: window

©
®

prairie

tundra

©
®

wall: picture

©
®

oven: cook

museum: painting

dresser: bedroom

10. blanket: bed

9. student: school

®
®

desert

8. stove: kitchen

7. water: penguin
duck: water

where goes: thing

6. glass: cupboard

5. train: track

®

thing: where goes

4. whale: ocean:: camel :

3. book: library:: desk:

®
®

I·

©
®

®
®

patient: hospital
store: clerk

sleep: night
lid: pot

©
®

floor: roof
sock: shoe

11. Think of two animals that would complete the analogy correctly.

j1illBle

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

..
16

city
©Teacher Created Resources


Animal Family Names
Directions: Some analogies are based on the names of old, young, male, and female family
members. Choose the answer that best completes each analogy.

Hint: Pay attention to order:

I cat:

kitten 1 is not the same as 1 kitten : cat I·

1. cat: kitten is

2. kitten: cat is

®

old: young

®

old: young

®

young: old

®

young: old

3. gander: goose:: male:

®
®

female
baby

©
®

®
®

cub
puppy

male: sheep
ram: sheep

rooster: hen

®

mare: horse

©
®

®
®

lamb: sheep
ewe: sheep

kit: fox
cub: tiger

fawn

©
®

duck: cat

©
®

lamb: ram

kitten

seal : pup
bear: deer

boy: girl

8. drake: duckling

©
®

®
®

stallion: foal
piglet: boar

peacock: peachick
chick: rooster

cub: boar

10. colt: filly

9. lion: lioness

®
®

whale

©
®

1

7. bull: calf

®

pup

6. cub: fawn

5. doe: deer

®
®

stallion : horse :: buII :

4.

©
®

®
®

kid: goat
rabbit: doe

pup: litter
litter: pup

©
®

boy: girl
girl: boy

Directions: Think of animal names that would complete the analogies correctly.
Hints: Any member of the dog family, wild or tame, is a canine. Any member of the cat family,
wild or tame, is a feline.

canine

feline
canine

feline

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17

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Finding the Connection
All of the analogies below have the same connection between the word pairs.

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy and answer the questions.
Hints:
• First, look at all of the question word pairs. This will help you figure out the big
connection.
• Next, watch out for order:

1. orange : peel

I peel:

orange

I is not the same as I orange:

2. crab: shell

peel

3. feather: bird

®

shell: turtle

®

deer: buck

®

snake: fur

®
©
®

turtle: shell

®
©
®

buck: deer

®
©
®

fur: snake

water: turtle
turtle: water

I.

deer: hide
hide: deer

snake: scale
scale: snake

1

4. scales : fish

5. bear:fur

6. tree: bark

®

shell: snail

®

hawk: beak

®

cat: paw

®
©
®

tail: snail

®
©
®

hawk: leg

®
©
®

cat: fur

foot: snail
head: snail

7. shell: walnut

hawk: feather
hawk: talon

8. person: skin

cat: tail
cat: purr

9. cover: book

®

otter: fur

®

hide: zebra

®

melon: rind

®
©
®

peanut: ground

®
©
®

wool: sheep

®
©
®

shell : lobster

melon: seed
peel : banana

feather: crow
otter: fur

pea: pod
horse: donkey

10. What is the big connection between the question word pairs?

#3167 Analogiesfor

Critical Thinking

18

©Teacher Created Resources


Finding the Connection 2
Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy and answer the questions.
Hint: Watch out for order: 1 boy: foot I is not the same as 1foot: boy I.

1. boy: foot

®
®
©
®

dog: tail
tail: dog
dog: paw
paw: dog

4. tiger: claw

®
®
©
®

dog: paw
eagle: talon
horse: hoof
whale: fin

7. boy: girl

®
®
©
®

actor: actress
actress: actor
uncle: nephew
nephew: uncle

2. girl: arm

®
®
©
®

3. snout: pig

leaf: tree
tree: leaf
branch: tree
tree: branch

5. dolphin: fin

®
®
©
®

trunk: elephant
elephant: trunk
man: face

face: man

6. lung: man

.

monkey: tooth
monkey: leg
monkey: nose
monkey: arm

8. woman: man

®
®
©
®

®
®
©
®

waitress: waiter
waiter: waitress
mother: daughter
daughter: mother

®
®

©
®

fin: fish
fish: tail
gill: fish
fish: scale

9. king: queen

®
®
©
®

knight: sir
sir: knight
host : hostess
hostess : host

10. What is the big connection in questions 1 through 6?

_

11. What is the big connection in questions 7 through 9?

_

©Teacher Created Resources

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#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Finding the Connection 3
Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy.
Hint: Watch out for order:

I astronaut:

1. astronaut : space

®
®
©
®

rocket : blast
blast : rocket
classroom : teacher
teacher: classroom

4. library: librarian

®
®
©
®
7.

teacher: student
student: teacher
hospital : doctor
doctor: hospital

bracelet: wrist

®
®
©
®

neck: necklace
necklace: neck
coat: winter
winter: coat

10. ship: captain

®
®
©
®

doctor: nurse
nurse: doctor
actor: stage
stage: actor

space

I is not the

2. court: judge

®
®
©
®

lab: scientist
scientist: lab
glass: drink
drink: glass

swimmer: pool

.

pool: swimmer
swimmer: lap
lap: swimmer

8. cook : kitchen

®
®
©
®

bakery: baker
baker: bakery
bread: sliced
sliced: bread

11. reed: marsh

®
®
©
®

I·

3. clerk : store

5. runner: track

®
®
©
®

same as 1 space: astronaut

coral: prairie
prairie: coral
cactus: desert
desert: cactus

®
®
©
®

plane: pilot
pilot: plane
plane: wing
wing: plane

6. field : farmer

®
®
©
®

weed : garden
garden: weed
teacher: school
school : teacher

9. hand : mitten

®
®
©
®

scarf: hat
hat: scarf
sock: foot
foot: sock

12. kite: air

®
®
©
®

river: canoe
canoe: river
boat:canoe
canoe: boat

13. Describe how, in general, the word pairs in the questions are connected.

#3167 Analogiesfor

Critical Thinking

20

©Teacher Created Resources


Trying Out the Connection
Directions: Write out how the word pairs are connected.

1. chocolate chip: cookie

~C:=-

isakindof~C~

_

2. sharpen: dull

----"'S'---

is the opposite of

~d"__

_

3. hungry: eat
If you are

---'-h'---

, you

------"'e'------

_

Directions: Fill in the words to see what word pair is the correct answer. (Hint: There will be

only one that makes sense.) Then circle the correct answer.

· s

©

pretend: imagine

®

steal: thief

is the opposite of

-P--------------------

• p

is the opposite of ----=0'--

_

• p

is the opposite of -----'---

_

·s

is the opposite of -----'-..t

_

6. hungry: eat

®
®

©
®

wet: swim
tired: race

happy: weep
thirsty: drink

• If you are

w

, you

s

• If you are

t

, you

r

• If you are

h

, you

w

• If you are

t

, you

d

©Teacher Created Resources

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#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking


Part to Whole
Some word pairs in analogies are connected by part to whole or whole to part.
• Example: day: week (part to whole)

week: day (whole to part)

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy and answer the questions.
1. classrooms:

®
®
©
®

school

stairs: elevator
elevators: stairs
floors: skyscraper
skyscraper: floors

4. page: book

®
®
©
®

cover: protect
chapter: read
library: book
word : sentence

7. seasons: summer

®
®
©
®

Monday: days
months: March
Tuesday: Thursday
July: August

10. step: staircase

®
®
©
®

elevator: lift
ladder: rope
scarf: knit
letter: alphabet

2. violin: string

®
®
©
®

3. year: month

piano: key
key: piano
drum: beat
beat: drum

5. flower: petal

®
®
©
®

banana: yellow
seed: apple
orange: Section
melon: soft

minute: second
week: seven
summer: hot

®
®
©
®

cabin: log
wall: stone

fence: wood
brick: chimney

9. finger: hand

book: chapters
movie: popcorn
tent: circus
fun: work

II. starfish : arm

®
®
©
®

day: light

6. block : tower

8. play: acts

®
®
©
®

®
®

©
®

®
®
©
®

elbow: knee
toe: foot
nose: smell
leg: run

12. tree : forest

clam: ocean
fin: shark
squid: tentacle
scale: fish

®
®
©
®

fish : school
plant: leaf
grass: cut
soup: clam

13. List the questions that were
• part to whole: _----',---.;,'--

_

• whole to part:

_

14. Write your own analogy using four of these words or phrases: table of contents, tree,
legend, book, rock, map.

Is your analogy part to whole or whole to part?
#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

22

_
©Teacher Created Resources


Less Than/More Than
Some analogies are based on less than/more than. One word in the word pair might be
smaller than, bigger than, or not as strong as the other word.

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy.
Hint: Pay attention to order:

I lake

: ocean

I is not the same as I ocean : lake I !

1. lake: ocean is

®
®

2. ocean : lake is

more than : less than

©
®

cry: sob
sob: cry

,

sing: song
song: sing

6. gallop : trot

®
®
©
®

shout: talk
talk: shout
horse: saddle
saddle: horse

9. old : ancient

®
®
©
®

baby: dry
dry: baby
soaked: wet
wet: soaked

I

®
®

4. tired: exhausted

3. walk: run

®
®

I

less than : more than

®
®

sleep: bed

©
®

hungry: starved

bed: sleep

starved: hungry

7. big: gigantic

®
®
©
®

phone: talk
talk: phone
cool: freezing
freezing: cool

10. drizzle: downpour

®
®
©
®

fish: water
water: fish
canyon : ditch
ditch : canyon

less than : more than
more than : less than
5. drip: pour

®
®
©
®

drink: water
water: drink
cut: scratch
scratch : cut

8. race : stroll

®
®

©
®

smell : stink
stink: smell
book : school
school : book

11. look: stare

®
®
©
®

shoe: sock
sock: shoe
sip: gulp
gulp: sip

Directions: Make your own analogies using units of measurement (for example, ounces,
inches, kilograms, etc.).
12.
13.

©Teacher Created Resources

23

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

Classifying Analogies
Some analogies are based on how things can be classified, or grouped.

Directions: Fill in the blanks and choose the answer that best completes each analogy.
1. How are purple and black alike?
• They are both

_-=c

_

2. How are bananas and apples alike?
• They are both kinds of __

Hint: Pay attention to order:

I

f-'---

_

purple: color I is not the same as 1 color: purple

Purple is always a color. A color is not always purple. So, 1 banana: fruit

I

I

!

is not the same

as 1 fruit: banana I·

b
3. A _-=A __________

is always a

_-'f

is not always a

dog: Dalmatian

®

wolf: canine

Dalmatian: dog

®

canine: wolf

7. furniture is to desk as

6. potato is to vegetable as

®
®

®
®

fruit: banana
banana: fruit

®
®

®
®

buffalo: mammal
mammal: buffalo

10. bird is to parrot as

basketball: game
game: basketball

9. tree is to pine as

8. rattlesnake is to reptile as

®
®

_

5. cheetah is to feline as

4. rose is to flower as

®
®

_

trout: fish
fish: trout

11. muscle is to biceps as

snake: cobra

®

cheddar:cheese

cobra: snake

®

cheese: cheddar

#3167 Analogies for Critical Thinking

24

©Teacher Created Resources