Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ thường gặp

Một số cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh (Inversion)
Trong tiếng Anh, hiện tượng đảo ngữ là một hiện tượng khó và ít thường
xuyên được sử dụng. Đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh. Sau
đây là một vài cách đảo ngữ thông dụng:
1. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định:
Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever + auxiliary + S + V
Eg: Never in mid-summer does it snow.
Hardly ever does he speak in the public.
Nhìn chung, câu đảo ngữ thường được dùng để nhấn mạnh tính đặc biệt của một
sự kiện nào đó và thường được mở đầu bằng một phủ định từ.
• Nhóm

từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi).
Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng từ này thường được dùng với động từ ở dạng hoàn
thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có thể chứa so sánh hơn.
Eg: Never have I been more disappointed!
Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion. /ɪɡˈzɪlə
ˌreɪ·t̬ɪŋ/: hồ hởi

Seldom has he seen anything stranger.
Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable.
Seldom had I seen such a terrible thing.
Never again will I meet him.
Never before have I seen this film.
Rarely does she make a mistake.
Never will I forgive him
Little did he say about it.
In vain did they look for the missing people.
• Nhóm

từ: hardly (hầu như không), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa

mới), scarcely (chỉ mới, ngay khi). Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ này thường được
dùng để diễn đạt một chuỗi các sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Eg: Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang.
No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door.
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.
No sooner had I left than it started to rain.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.
No longer will he work here.
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Hardly had I gone to bed when the phone rang.
Hardly do I meet her nowadays..
Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain becam down in torrents.
(mưa như trút)

2. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No + N + auxiliary + S + Verb(inf)
Not any + N + auxiliary + S + verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on.
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on.
Not for one minute do we feel peaceful.
Not for one minute did she forget about it/him.
Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time
On no condition
On no account + auxiliary + S +
V

Under/ in no circumstances

For no reason
In no way
No longer

Eg: - In/under no circumstances (cho dù thế nào cũng không)
The money is not paid under any circumstances.
= Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid.
On no condition shall we accept their proposal.
In no circumstances will I betray you. /bɪˈtreɪ/
In no circumstances will I leave you alone.
- At no time / never + V(aux) + S + V: Không bao giờ
The result of the match was never in doubt.
=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt
- On no account + V(aux) + S+V: Không vì bất cứ lí do nào
You should never be late for the exam
=> On no account should you be late for the exam.
On no account can you treat her badly like this.
On no account must this switch be touched.
- In no way (không bằng cách nào cả)
In no way can you refuse to answer my question.
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In no way could I agree with you.
- At no time (chưa bao giờ)
At no time have I come there.
- By no means: Hoàn toàn không
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.

3. Đảo ngữ với “not a” và “many a” --> Tân ngữ mang tính nhấn mạnh cũng có

thể đảo lên đầu câu:
- Not a single word did he say.
- Not a letter have I received from her.
- Many a rose did he give her.
- Many a book has he read.

4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ chứa “ONLY” như: only after, only when, only
then… thường đi cùng từ chỉ thời gian
only later
only by V_ing/ N (prep) (Chỉ
only in this way
bằng cách)
only in that way
only when + clause (chỉ khi)
only then + auxiliary + S + V
only with + N
only after + N
only if + clause (chỉ nếu mà)
only in adv of time/ place

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Eg:
Only by doing + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ bằng cách làm gì
We must take a taxi or we will be late.
=> Only by taking a taxi will we get there on time.
Only by practising English every day can you speak it fluently.
Only by studying harder can you pass this exam.
Only after + N + Vaux + S V: Chỉ sau khi làm gì

You will be able to get a job only after you have graduated
=> Only after your graduation will you be able to get a Job.
Only after all guests had gone home could we relax.
Only when + S + V, Vaux + S + V: Chỉ khi làm gì
I didn't know she had been well-known until her friends told me.
=> Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
Only when I understand her did I like her.
Only when you grow up can you understand it.
Only with + N + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ với cái gì
He couldn't have bought the car if the bank hadn't lent him the money.
=> Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.
- Only if you tell me the truth can I forgive you.
- Only then did I understand the problem.
Only in this way: Chỉ bằng cách này
Only in this way could the problem be solved.
Not until + phrase/clause... Mãi đến khi...
They couldn't go on working until the rain stopped.
=>Not until the rain stopped could they go on working.
Man didn't fly into space until the early 1960s.
=> Not until the early 1960s did man fly into space.
- Not until I came home did I realize that I had lost everything.
- Not until she left did I know that she had been very important for me.
Not until 10 p.m. yesterday did he come home.
Not until I left home did I realize what he had meant.
Seldom/Hardly/Scarcely/Barely + Vaux + S + V: hiếm khi mà
She seldom misses a lecture.
=> Seldom does she miss a lecture.

5. Đảo ngữ với câu so…that/such…that: So adj/adv + aux + S + V + that clause: ...
đến nỗi mà

SO, SUCH và tất cả những từ trước “that” được đưa lên đầu câu.
He is so lazy that everyone hates him.
→ So lazy is he that everyone hates him.
I am so fond of music that I spend all of my free time learning it.
→ So fond of music am I that I spend all of my free time learning it.
Almost everyone in the party starred at a beautiful girl.
=> So beautiful is the girl that almost everyone in the party starred at her.
So dark is it that I can't write.
So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself.
So difficult was the exam that few student pass it.
So attractive is she that many boys run after her.
So intelligent is she that she can answer all questions in the interview.
So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.

•
•

Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
Ví dụ:
Such is the moment that all greats traverse. /trəˈvɜrs/
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
Such is the stuff of dreams.
(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).
Such a noise was there that I couldn’t work
Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
/ˌpɑpjəˈlærɪt̬i/

Not only + auxiliary + S + V but.... also...Không những... mà còn...
Not only is he good at English but he also draws very well.
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly.
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.
6. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện:
a. Câu điều kiện loại 1: If clause = should + S + V
a) Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng “ should” thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả năng
xảy ra ít hơn ở tương lai. Đảo “should” lên đầu câu thay “If”
Eg: If it (should) rain tonight, I will stay at home.

==> Should it rain..........

b) Điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng thời hiện tại hoàn thành
Lấy “should” thay “If” sao đó để nguyên thể hoàn thành với “have done” ở tất cả các
ngôi.
Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home. ==> Should she have finished ..........
Should she come late, she wil miss the train
should he lend me some money, I will buy that house
Should he decide to come, please phone me immediately.
b. Câu điều kiện loại 2: If clause = Were S + to V...
= Were + S...
If I were you I would work harder = Were I you...


If I knew her I would invite her to the party = Were I to know her...
If it weren’t for your progress, I wouldn’t be here. ==> Were it not your ....
c. Câu điều kiện loại 3 : If-clause = Had + S + V3/ed
If my parents had encouraged me, I would have passed exam.
= Had my parents encouraged me, I…

Had he understood the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes.
* Câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt đi với đại từ “it” đầu câu
If it hadn’t been for + N ==> Nếu không phải vì.......
==> Tách “had” ra khỏi “not” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”
Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather,we would have had a wonderful holiday.
==> Had it not been for....
* Câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt có sử dụng” were to have done” thay quá khứ hoàn
thành:
If she had driven carefully, she wouldn’t have caused the accident.
==> If she were to have driven......
Đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”
==> Were she to have driven….
If I were the judge, I’d sentence him to death.
=> Were I the judge, I’d sentence him to death.
- If I had been flying to New York at that time, I’d have died.
=> Had I been flying to New York .....
- If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have known how to solve it.
=> Had you not helped me, I wouldn’t have known how to solve it.
7. Đảo ngữ với No where + auxiliary + S + V
No where in VN is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country.
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.
No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country.
Nowhere can you enjoy delicious dishes like here.
8. Đảo ngữ nguyên động từ: Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary)
Đem nguyên động từ ra trước chủ từ (không mượn trợ động từ ) --> Khi có cụm trạng từ
chỉ nơi chốn ở đầu câu
on the ...., in the.... , here, there, out, off...
Eg. His house stands at the foot of the hill
-> At the foot of the hill stands his house.
The bus came there.

-> There came the bus.
In front of the museum is a statue.
First came the ambulance, then came the police.
On the table lay the books.
Near the old pagoda is a red flower tree.
- Khi một ngữ giới từ làm phó từ chỉ địa điểm hoặc phương hướng đứng ở đầu câu, các
nội động từ đặt lên trước chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong


loại câu này. Nó rất phổ biến trong văn mô tả khi muốn diễn đạt một chủ ngữ không xác
định:
Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
Directly in front of them stood a great castle.
On the grass sat an enormous frog.
Along the road came a strange procession.
- Các phó từ away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up... có thể theo sau là một
động từ chuyển động và sau đó là một danh từ làm chủ ngữ:
Away went the runners.
Down fell a dozen of apples.
- Nhưng nếu một đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ phải để sau chủ ngữ:
Away they went.
Round and round it flew.
9. Đảo ngữ sau “here” and “there”
There comes our mother
Here comes singer My Tam.
Here comes Freddy. -->Incorrect: Here comes he.
There goes your brother.
Here comes the rain.
( Cơn mưa sắp đến )
Once upon a time, there lived a king...

10. Đảo ngữ để nhấn mạnh:
- I like it (normal) => Do I like it (emphasizing case)
- I slept well last night. => Did I sleep well last night.
- He loves her => He does love her.