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Maven: The Complete Reference
Maven: The Complete Reference
Ed. 1.0
i
Maven: The Complete Reference
ii
Contents
1
2
Introducing Apache Maven
1
1.1
Maven. . . What is it? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.2
Convention Over Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.3
A Common Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.4
Universal Reuse through Maven Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.5
Conceptual Model of a "Project" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1.6
Is Maven an alternative to XYZ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.7
Comparing Maven with Ant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Installing Maven
10
2.1
Verify your Java Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.2
Downloading Maven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.3
Installing Maven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Maven: The Complete Reference
3
iii
2.3.1
Installing Maven on Linux, BSD or Mac OSX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.3.2
Installing Maven on Microsoft Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.4
Testing a Maven Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.5
Maven Installation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.5.1
User-specific Configuration and Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
2.5.2
Upgrading a Maven Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
2.6
Uninstalling Maven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
2.7
Getting Help with Maven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
2.8
About the Apache Software License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
The Project Object Model
18
3.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
3.2
The POM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
3.2.1
The Super POM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
3.2.2
The Simplest POM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
3.2.3
The Effective POM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
3.2.4
Real POMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
POM Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
3.3.1
27
3.3
Project Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maven: The Complete Reference
3.3.1.1
Version Build Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
3.3.1.2
SNAPSHOT Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Property References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Project Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
3.4.1
Dependency Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
3.4.2
Optional Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
3.4.3
Dependency Version Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
3.4.4
Transitive Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
3.4.4.1
Transitive Dependencies and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Conflict Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Project Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
3.5.1
More on Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
3.5.2
Project Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
POM Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
3.6.1
Grouping Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
3.6.2
Multi-module vs. Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
3.6.2.1
Simple Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
3.6.2.2
Multi-module Enterprise Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
3.3.2
3.4
3.4.5
3.5
3.6
iv
Maven: The Complete Reference
4
v
The Build Lifecycle
52
4.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
4.1.1
Clean Lifecycle (clean) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
4.1.2
Default Lifecycle (default) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
4.1.3
Site Lifecycle (site) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
Package-specific Lifecycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
4.2.1
JAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
4.2.2
POM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
4.2.3
Maven Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
4.2.4
EJB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
4.2.5
WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
4.2.6
EAR
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
4.2.7
Other Packaging Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
Common Lifecycle Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
4.3.1
Process Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
4.3.2
Compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
4.3.3
Process Test Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
4.3.4
Test Compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
4.2
4.3
Maven: The Complete Reference
5
vi
4.3.5
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
4.3.6
Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
4.3.7
Deploy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
Build Profiles
71
5.1
What Are They For? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
5.1.1
What is Build Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
5.1.1.1
Non-Portable Builds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
5.1.1.2
Environment Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
5.1.1.3
Organizational (In-House) Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
5.1.1.4
Wide (Universal) Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
Selecting an Appropriate Level of Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
Portability through Maven Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
5.2.1
Overriding a Project Object Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
Profile Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
5.3.1
Activation Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
5.3.2
Activation by the Absence of a Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
5.4
Listing Active Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
5.5
Tips and Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
5.1.2
5.2
5.3
Maven: The Complete Reference
5.6
6
vii
5.5.1
Common Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
5.5.2
Protecting Secrets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
5.5.3
Platform Classifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Running Maven
88
6.1
Maven Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
6.1.1
Defining Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
6.1.2
Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
6.1.3
Using Build Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
6.1.4
Displaying Version Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
6.1.5
Running in Offline Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
6.1.6
Using a Custom POM or Custom Settings File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
6.1.7
Encrypting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
6.1.8
Dealing with Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
6.1.9
Controlling Maven’s Verbosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
6.1.10 Running Maven in Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
6.1.11 Downloading and Verifying Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
6.1.12 Non-recursive Builds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
Maven: The Complete Reference
6.2
6.3
Using Advanced Reactor Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
6.2.1
Advanced Reactor Options Example Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
6.2.2
Resuming Builds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
6.2.3
Specifying a Subset of Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
6.2.4
Making a Subset of Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
6.2.5
Making Project Dependents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
6.2.6
Resuming a "make" build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
Using the Maven Help Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
6.3.1
7
8
Describing a Maven Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Maven Configuration
7.1
viii
103
Configuring Maven Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.1.1
Plugin Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.1.2
Adding Plugin Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
7.1.3
Setting Global Plugin Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
7.1.4
Setting Execution Specific Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
7.1.5
Setting Default Command Line Execution Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
7.1.6
Setting Parameters for Goals Bound to Default Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Maven Assemblies
112
Maven: The Complete Reference
ix
8.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
8.2
Assembly Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
8.2.1
Predefined Assembly Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8.2.2
Building an Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8.2.3
Assemblies as Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8.2.4
Assembling Assemblies via Assembly Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
8.3
Overview of the Assembly Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
8.4
The Assembly Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
8.5
8.4.1
Property References in Assembly Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
8.4.2
Required Assembly Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Controlling the Contents of an Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
8.5.1
Files Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
8.5.2
FileSets Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8.5.3
Default Exclusion Patterns for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
8.5.4
dependencySets Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
8.5.4.1
Customizing Dependency Output Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.5.4.2
Interpolation of Properties in Dependency Output . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.5.4.3
Including and Excluding Dependencies by Scope . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Maven: The Complete Reference
8.5.5
8.6
8.7
9
x
8.5.4.4
Fine Tuning: Dependency Includes and Excludes . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.5.4.5
Transitive Dependencies, Project Attachments, and Project . . . . . . 137
8.5.4.6
Advanced Unpacking Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.5.4.7
Summarizing Dependency Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
moduleSets Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
8.5.5.1
Module Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
8.5.5.2
Sources Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
8.5.5.3
Interpolation of outputDirectoryMapping in . . . . . . . . . . 143
8.5.5.4
Binaries section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
8.5.5.5
moduleSets, Parent POMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
8.5.6
Repositories Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
8.5.7
Managing the Assembly’s Root Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
8.5.8
componentDescriptors and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
8.6.1
Standard, Reusable Assembly Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
8.6.2
Distribution (Aggregating) Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Properties and Resource Filtering
158
Maven: The Complete Reference
xi
9.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
9.2
Maven Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
9.3
9.2.1
Maven Project Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
9.2.2
Maven Settings Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
9.2.3
Environment Variable Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
9.2.4
Java System Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
9.2.5
User-defined Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Resource Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
10 Site Generation
168
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
10.2 Building a Project Site with Maven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
10.3 Customizing the Site Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10.3.1 Customizing the Header Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.3.2 Customizing the Navigation Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.4 Site Directory Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
10.5 Writing Project Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
10.5.1 APT Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
10.5.2 FML Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Maven: The Complete Reference
xii
10.6 Deploying Your Project Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.6.1 Configuring Server Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.6.2 Configuring File and Directory Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.7 Customizing Site Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
10.7.1 Customizing the Site CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
10.7.2 Create a Custom Site Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
10.7.3 Reusable Website Skins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
10.7.4 Creating a Custom Theme CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.8 Tips and Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
10.8.1 Inject XHTML into HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
10.8.2 Add Links under Your Site Logo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
10.8.3 Add Breadcrumbs to Your Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
10.8.4 Add the Project Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
10.8.5 Modify the Publication Date Format and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
10.8.6 Using Doxia Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
11 Writing Plugins
195
11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
11.2 Programming Maven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
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11.2.1 What is Inversion of Control? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
11.2.2 Introduction to Plexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
11.2.3 Why Plexus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
11.2.4 What is a Plugin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
11.3 Plugin Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
11.3.1 Top-level Plugin Descriptor Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
11.3.2 Mojo Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
11.3.3 Plugin Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
11.4 Writing a Custom Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
11.4.1 Creating a Plugin Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
11.4.2 A Simple Java Mojo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
11.4.3 Configuring a Plugin Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
11.4.4 Logging from a Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
11.4.5 Mojo Class Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
11.4.6 When a Mojo Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
11.5 Mojo Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
11.5.1 Supplying Values for Mojo Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
11.5.2 Multi-valued Mojo Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
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11.5.3 Depending on Plexus Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
11.5.4 Mojo Parameter Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
11.6 Plugins and the Maven Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
11.6.1 Executing a Parallel Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
11.6.2 Creating a Custom Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
11.6.3 Overriding the Default Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
12 Using Maven Archetypes
225
12.1 Introduction to Maven Archetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
12.2 Using Archetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
12.2.1 Using an Archetype from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
12.2.2 Using the Interactive generate Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
12.2.3 Using an Archetype from m2eclipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
12.3 Available Archetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
12.3.1 Common Maven Archetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
12.3.1.1 maven-archetype-quickstart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
12.3.1.2 maven-archetype-webapp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
12.3.1.3 maven-archetype-mojo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
12.3.2 Notable Third-Party Archetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
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12.3.2.1 AppFuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
12.3.2.2 Confluence and JIRA plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
12.3.2.3 Wicket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
12.4 Publishing Archetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
13 Developing with Flexmojos
237
13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
13.2 Configuring Build Environment for Flexmojos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
13.2.1 Referencing a Repository with the Flex Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
13.2.1.1 Referencing Sonatype’s Flexmojos Repository in a POM . . . . . . . 238
13.2.1.2 Proxying Sonatype’s Flexmojos Repository with Nexus . . . . . . . . 239
13.2.2 Configure a Flexmojos Proxy Repository in Nexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
13.2.2.1 Add the Flexmojos Proxy Repository to a Group . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
13.2.2.2 Configure Your Development Environment for Nexus . . . . . . . . . 244
13.2.3 Configuring Environment to Support Flex Unit Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
13.2.4 Adding FlexMojos to Your Maven Settings’ Plugin Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
13.3 Creating a Flex Mojos Project from an Archetype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
13.3.1 Creating a Flex Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
13.3.2 Creating a Flex Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
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13.3.3 Creating a Multi-module Project: Web Application with a Flex . . . . . . . . . . 258
13.4 The FlexMojos Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
13.4.1 The SWC Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
13.4.2 The SWF Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
13.5 FlexMojos Plugin Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
13.5.1 Generating Actionscript Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
13.5.2 Compiling Flex Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
13.5.3 Generating Flex Builder Project Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
13.6 FlexMojos Plugin Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
13.6.1 Generating Actionscript Documentation Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
13.7 Developing and Customizing Flexmojos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
13.7.1 Get the Flexmojos Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
14 Android Application Development with Maven
278
14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
14.2 Configuring Build Environment for Android Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
14.2.1 Installing the Android SDK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
14.2.2 Android artifact install into Maven repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
14.2.2.1 Installation to local repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
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14.2.2.2 Installation to remote repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
14.2.2.3 Installation of a subset of all platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
14.3 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
14.4 Creating New Projects with the Android Maven Archetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
14.5 Using Add-Ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
14.6 Multi Module Android Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
14.7 Using external dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
14.8 The Custom Lifecycle from the Android Maven Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
14.9 Plugin Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
14.10Device Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
14.11Emulator Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
14.12Other Useful Android Maven Plugin Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.12.1 Manifest-update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.12.2 Zipalign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.12.3 Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.13Internal Android Maven Plugin Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.14Testing Android Application Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
14.14.1 Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
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14.14.2 Instrumentation tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
14.15Native Application Builds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
14.16Tips and Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
14.16.1 Other Maven Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
14.16.2 Performing a Release Build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
14.16.3 Configuring command line usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
15 Appendix: Settings Details
296
15.1 Quick Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
15.2 Settings Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
15.2.1 Simple Values
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
15.2.2 Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
15.2.3 Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
15.2.4 Proxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
15.2.5 Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
15.2.6 Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
15.2.7 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
15.2.8 Repositories
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
15.2.9 Plugin Repositories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
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15.2.10 Active Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
15.2.11 Encrypting Passwords in Maven Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
16 Appendix: Sun Specification Alternatives
312
17 Creative Commons License
315
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Preface
Maven is a build tool, a project management tool, an abstract container for running build tasks. It is a
tool that has shown itself indispensable for projects that graduate beyond the simple and need to start
finding consistent ways to manage and build large collections of interdependent modules and libraries
which make use of tens or hundreds of third-party components. It is a tool that has removed much of the
burden of 3rd party dependency management from the daily work schedule of millions of engineers, and
it has enabled many organizations to evolve beyond the toil and struggle of build management into a new
phase where the effort required to build and maintain software is no longer a limiting factor in software
design.
This work is the first attempt at a comprehensive title on Maven. It builds upon the combined experience
and work of the authors of all previous Maven titles, and you should view it not as a finished work but
as the first edition in a long line of updates to follow. While Maven has been around for a few years,
the authors of this book believe that it has just begun to deliver on the audacious promises it makes. The
authors, and company behind this book, Sonatype, believe that the publishing of this book marks the
beginning of a new phase of innovation and development surrounding Maven and the software ecosystem
that surrounds it.
Acknowledgements
Sonatype would like to thank the following contributors. The people listed below have provided feedback
which has helped improve the quality of this book. Thanks to Raymond Toal, Steve Daly, Paul Strack, Paul
Reinerfelt, Chad Gorshing, Marcus Biel, Brian Dols, Mangalaganesh Balasubramanian, Marius Kruger,
and Mark Stewart. Special thanks to Joel Costigliola for helping to debug and correct the Spring web
chapter. Stan Guillory was practically a contributing author given the number of corrections he posted to
the book’s Get Satisfaction. Thank you Stan. Special thanks to Richard Coasby of Bamboo for acting as
the provisional grammar consultant.
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Thanks to our contributing authors including Eric Redmond.
Thanks to the following contributors who reported errors either in an email or using the Get Satisfaction
site: Paco Soberón, Ray Krueger, Steinar Cook, Henning Saul, Anders Hammar, "george_007", "ksangani", Niko Mahle, Arun Kumar, Harold Shinsato, "mimil", "-thrawn-", Matt Gumbley. If you see your
Get Satisfaction username in this list, and you would like it replaced with your real name, send an email
to
Special thanks to Grant Birchmeier for taking the time to proofread portions of the book and file extremely
detailed feedback via GetSatisfaction.
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Copyright
Copyright © 2008-2011 Sonatype, Inc.
Online version published by Sonatype, Inc.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0
United States license. For more information about this license, see creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/3.0/us/.
Nexus™, Nexus Professional™, and all Nexus-related logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of
Sonatype, Inc., in the United States and other countries.
Java™ and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries.
IBM® and WebSphere® are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines,
Inc., in the United States and other countries.
Eclipse™ is a trademark of the Eclipse Foundation, Inc., in the United States and other countries.
Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Sonatype, Inc. was aware of a trademark
claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
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While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained
herein.
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Chapter 1
Introducing Apache Maven
Although there are a number of references for Maven online, there is no single, well-written narrative for
introducing Maven that can serve as both an authoritative reference and an introduction. What we’ve tried
to do with this effort is provide such a narrative coupled with useful reference material.
1.1
Maven. . . What is it?
The answer to this question depends on your own perspective. The great majority of Maven users are
going to call Maven a “build tool”: a tool used to build deployable artifacts from source code. Build
engineers and project managers might refer to Maven as something more comprehensive: a project management tool. What is the difference? A build tool such as Ant is focused solely on preprocessing,
compilation, packaging, testing, and distribution. A project management tool such as Maven provides a
superset of features found in a build tool. In addition to providing build capabilities, Maven can also run
reports, generate a web site, and facilitate communication among members of a working team.
A more formal definition of Apache Maven: Maven is a project management tool which encompasses
a project object model, a set of standards, a project lifecycle, a dependency management system, and
logic for executing plugin goals at defined phases in a lifecycle. When you use Maven, you describe your
project using a well-defined project object model, Maven can then apply cross-cutting logic from a set of
shared (or custom) plugins.
Don’t let the fact that Maven is a "project management" tool scare you away. If you were just looking
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for a build tool, Maven will do the job. In fact, the first few chapters of this book will deal with the most
common use case: using Maven to build and distribute your project.
1.2
Convention Over Configuration
Convention over configuration is a simple concept. Systems, libraries, and frameworks should assume
reasonable defaults. Without requiring unnecessary configuration, systems should "just work". Popular
frameworks such as Ruby on Rails and EJB3 have started to adhere to these principles in reaction to
the configuration complexity of frameworks such as the initial EJB 2.1 specifications. An illustration of
convention over configuration is something like EJB3 persistence: all you need to do to make a particular
bean persistent is to annotate that class with @Entity. The framework assumes table and column names
based on the name of the class and the names of the properties. Hooks are provided for you to override
these default, assumed names if the need arises, but, in most cases, you will find that using the frameworksupplied defaults results in a faster project execution.
Maven incorporates this concept by providing sensible default behavior for projects. Without customization, source code is assumed to be in ${basedir}/src/main/java and resources are assumed to be in
${basedir}/src/main/resources. Tests are assumed to be in ${basedir}/src/test, and a project is assumed
to produce a JAR file. Maven assumes that you want the compile byte code to ${basedir}/target/classes
and then create a distributable JAR file in ${basedir}/target. While this might seem trivial, consider the
fact that most Ant-based builds have to define the locations of these directories. Ant doesn’t ship with any
built-in idea of where source code or resources might be in a project; you have to supply this information. Maven’s adoption of convention over configuration goes farther than just simple directory locations,
Maven’s core plugins apply a common set of conventions for compiling source code, packaging distributions, generating web sites, and many other processes. Maven’s strength comes from the fact that it is
"opinionated", it has a defined life-cycle and a set of common plugins that know how to build and assemble software. If you follow the conventions, Maven will require almost zero effort - just put your source
in the correct directory, and Maven will take care of the rest.
One side-effect of using systems that follow "convention over configuration" is that end-users might feel
that they are forced to use a particular methodology or approach. While it is certainly true that Maven has
some core opinions that shouldn’t be challenged, most of the defaults can be customized. For example,
the location of a project’s source code and resources can be customized, names of JAR files can be
customized, and through the development of custom plugins, almost any behavior can be tailored to your
specific environment’s requirements. If you don’t care to follow convention, Maven will allow you to
customize defaults in order to adapt to your specific requirements.
