TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016

UBND TỈNH BÀ RỊA-VŨNG TÀU
HỘI ĐỒNG THI TUYỂN CÔNG CHỨC
HÀNH CHÍNH TỈNH NĂM 2016

CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM

Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc

TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP THI TUYỂN CCHC NĂM 2016
MÔN: TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH ĐỘ A, B
Cơ quan biên soạn: Đại học Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu
MỤC LỤC
I. Sentence Structure:................................................................................................................3
II. Tense Review.......................................................................................................................3
2.1. Simple Present:................................................................................................................3
2.2. Present Continuous:.........................................................................................................9
2.3. Present Perfect:..............................................................................................................10
2.4. Present Perfect Continuous:...........................................................................................11
2.5. Simple Past:....................................................................................................................12
2.6. Past Continuous:............................................................................................................13
2.7. Past Perfect:....................................................................................................................14
2.8. Past Perfect Continuous:................................................................................................14
2.9. Simple Future:................................................................................................................15
2.10. Future Continuous:.......................................................................................................17
2.11. Future Perfect:..............................................................................................................17
2.12. Future Perfect Continuous:..........................................................................................18
2.13. General Exercise:.........................................................................................................19
III. Comparatives – Superlative..............................................................................................21
3.1. Comparatives – Superlative of Adjective......................................................................21
3.2. Comparison of Equals....................................................................................................23
3.3. Double Comparision......................................................................................................24

3.4. Comparatives – Superlative of Adverb..........................................................................26
3.4.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................26
3.4.2. Comparatives – Superlative of Adverb Patterns.....................................................27
IV. Direct Speech and Reported Speech.................................................................................28
4.1. Direct Speech:................................................................................................................28
4.2. Reported Speech:...........................................................................................................28
V. Verbs as Complement – Gerund or Infinitive....................................................................29
VI. Gerund after Prepossitions:..............................................................................................31
VII. Pronouns before Gerunds and Infinitives........................................................................32
VIII. Verb: need......................................................................................................................33
IX. Should have done / Must have done.................................................................................33
X. So ...That…, Such...That…................................................................................................34
10.1. so ...that........................................................................................................................34
10.2. such...that.....................................................................................................................34
XI. Too / So / Either / Neither................................................................................................36
11.1. Too / So........................................................................................................................36
11.2. Either/Neither...............................................................................................................36
XII. Verb: Wish......................................................................................................................38
12.1. Present “Wish”:............................................................................................................39
12.2. Past “Wish”:.................................................................................................................39
12.3. Future “Wish”:.............................................................................................................39
XIII. Some Special Verbs.......................................................................................................40

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13.1. Make.............................................................................................................................40
13.2. Get................................................................................................................................40

13.3. Have.............................................................................................................................41
13.4. Let................................................................................................................................41
13.5. Help..............................................................................................................................41
XIV. Conditional Sentences...................................................................................................42
14.1. The real condition (future possible).............................................................................42
14.2. Present Unreal..............................................................................................................42
14.3. Past Unreal...................................................................................................................43
XV. Either….or / Neither…nor, Not only…but also…, both…and…, …as well as….........44
15.1. Either….or / Neither…nor...........................................................................................44
15.2. Not only…but also…, both…and…,…as well as…....................................................44
XVI. Because / Because of.....................................................................................................46
XVII. Although / Even Though / Though, Despite / In Spite of............................................47
XVIII. Subjunctive Verbs.......................................................................................................47
XIX. Passive Voice.................................................................................................................48
19.1. Introduction..................................................................................................................48
19.2. Pasive structure............................................................................................................49
19.3. Special Pasive Structures.............................................................................................49
XX. Relative Clause...............................................................................................................51
XXI. Inversion Instruction......................................................................................................54
Practice Test 2.........................................................................................................................61

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I. Sentence Structure:

S

a.

+

V

Ex: The boy is sleeping.
S

V

They have arrived.
S

V

b.

S

+

V

+

C

Có những động từ đứng một mình không có nghĩa và cần phải có những từ đi theo sau để làm
rõ nghĩa cho động từ đó. Những từ đi theo đó gọi là bổ từ (Complement). Các complements

có thể là noun hoặc adjective.
Ex: She is a student.
S

V

C (noun)

They looked very happy.
S

V

C (adj)

S

c.

+

V

+

O

Ex: We saw them in the street yesterday.
S

V

O

adv

adv

(“them” là Object của “saw”)
He teaches us English.
S

V

O1 O2

(“us” là Object của “teaches”)
He sold his house.
S

V

O

The doctor cured the patient.
S

V

O

- Nhựng động từ “saw”, “teaches”, “sold”, “cured” là những transitive verbs.
- Transitive verbs là những động từ diễn tả một hành động chuyển từ chuyển từ chủ từ sang
một người hay một vật khác thụ nhận hành động từ đó. Người hay vật thụ nhận hành
động đó gọi là Object.
- Intransitive verb là những động từ không cần Object. Ví dụ: come, fall, cry,…

II. Tense Review
2.1. Simple Present:

S + VPresent + C
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Usage: Thì Simple Present được dùng để diễn tả:
* Một thưc tế hay một sự việc hiện tồn tại ở hiện tại.
Ex: My brother lives in The U.S. He speaks English quite well.
I like pop music.
Her husband works for Citybank.
* Một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên hoặc lập đi lập lại.
Ex: She usually watches TV after dinner.
They go dancing once a week.
* Một sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex: The Amazon River flows into the Atlantic Ocean.
The Earth goes around the Sun.
Positive form (dạng khẳng định):

S + VPresent + C

Ex: “To live”:
I live in Ba Ria.
We live in Ba Ria.
My uncle and his wife live in Vung Tau
Notice:
* Khi Subject là third singular person (ngôi thứ ba số ít) phải thêm “s” vào sau động từ.
Ex: My aunt lives in HCM city.
John lives in New York.
* Nếu Subject là third singular person được theo sau bởi những động từ tận cùng bằng sh,
ch, s, x, z, o thì phải thêm “es” vào sau động từ.
Ex:
“To watch”:
I watch TV every evening.
The children often watches cartoon movie after dinner.
My son watches TV every evening.
Mr. John usually watches TV after dinner.
“To go”:
They go to work by bus every day.
He goes to school on foot.
* Nếu Subject là third singular person được theo sau bởi tận cùng bằng “a consonant + y”
thì phải chuyển “y” thành “i +es”
Ex:
“To study”:
We study English 3 times a week.

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John studies maths and physics at university.
But:
“To play”:
They often play tennis at the weekend.
She plays the piano very well.
Negative form (dạng phủ định):
S + don’t + Vinfinitive + C
Nếu Subject là third singular person thì trợ động từ sẽ là “does”.
S + doesn’t + Vinfinitive + C
Ex:
“To live”:
I don’t live in Ba Ria. I live in Vung Tau
My aunt doesn’t live in HCM city. She lives in Ba Ria.
Ex:
“To teach”:
I don’t teach French. I teach English.
He doesn’t teach maths. He teaches chemistry.
Question form:
* Yes – No question:

Do + S + Vinfinitive + C …?
Does + S + Vinfinitive +

C …??

Ex: “To like”
Do you like music? – Yes, I do. I like it very much. I listen to music every day.
Do they like swimming? – No, they don’t. They can’t swim.
Does your girlfriend like flowers? – Yes, she does.
Does she like smoking? – No, she doesn’t. She doesn’t like it at all.

“To live”
Do they live in Ba Ria? - No, they don’t. They live in HCM city.
Does Helen live with her family? – Yes, she does.
“To teach”
Does your brother teach in his center? – No, he doesn’t. He studies English in this center.
Do you teach English? – Yes, he does.
Do you work in office or in workshop? – I work in workshop.
* WH- Question

Wh-+ do/does + S + Vinfinitive+……?
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Example:
- I want to work in a bank.

Where do you work?

- They live in London.

Where do they live?

- We often go to a pub after work.

Where do you often go after work?

- They usually watch TV after dinner.

What do they usually do after dinner?

- I am a teacher.

What is your job?/ What do you do?

- I come from Vietnam.

Where do you come from?

- I am from Vietnam.

Where are you from?

- These pens are 50p each.

How much are these pens?

- These pens cost 50p each.

How much do these pens cost?

- We learn ten new words every day.
How many new words do you learn every day?
- I go to school / work by bus.

How do you go to school/work?

- We visit our parents once a week.

How often do you visit your parents?

- They sometimes play tennis. / They play tennis twice a week. How often do you go
to your English class?
- I study English because I like American culture. Why do you study English?
- I often play with my son in my free time.
Who do you often play with in your free time?
- They often take their English lessons at night.
When do they often take their English lessons?
EXERCISE
Use the correct form of verbs in Present Simple
1. We (read)___________ the newspaper in the class everyday.
2. He often (go)___________ to work by bus.
3. I always (walk)___________ to school.
4. The child (play)___________ in the park every afternoon.
5. We usually (eat)___________ lunch in the cafeteria.
6. Helen (work)___________ very hard.
7. He generally (sit)___________ at this desk.
8. He always (prepare)___________ his homework carefully.
9. Some girls (use)___________ too much make up.
10. My sister (use)___________ too much make up, too.
Translate these sentences into English
1. Tại sao bạn muốn học Anh văn? - Bởi vì tôi muốn đọc sách báo tiếng Anh.
…………………………………………………………………………………..

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2. Tôi đi đến câu lạc bộ nói tiếng Anh mỗi tuần 1 lần.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Cô ấy học tiếng Anh ở đâu? - Cô ấy học tiếng Anh tại nơi làm việc.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Hôm nay bạn có đi làm không? - Ồ không. Hôm nay là ngày lễ mà.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Ông Jackson dạy môn gì ở trường vậy? - Ông ấy dạy Toán.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
Make WH- questions to these sentences:
Example:
1. They work in a bank.Where do they work?
2. He lives in London.
3. We often go to a pub after work.
4. My children usually watch TV after dinner.
5. I am a teacher.
6. We are from Viet Nam.
7. We come from Viet Nam.
8. These pens are 50p each.
9. These pens cost 50p each. aquariem
10. She learns 10 new words every day.
Possessive Adjective
Subjective Pronoun
I

Possessive adjective

my

my book(s), my sister...

You

your

your car, your parents, your teacher…

He

his

his girlfriend, his office…

She

her

her father, her house…

It

its

its eyes, its cage…

We

our

our mother, our class...

You

your

They their

their children, their car…

Example:
- My sister is a famous singer.
- My books are very expensive.
- Your car is quite small.
- His girlfriend is a shop assistant.
- His friends are very rich.

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- Her father is an architect.
- Her house is near the center of the city.
- This is my dog. Its eyes are very bright.
- The bird is in its cage.
- Our mother is a great house-wife.
- Our class is in room 4.
- Mr. and Mrs. Blake are our neighbors. Their children are my friends.
EXERCISE
Use possessive adjective to fill in the blanks
1. The boy usually helps ______ sister.

2. Virginia has a present for ______ sister.
3. We like to visit ______ friends.
4. We are waiting for ______ class to begin.
5. On what days do you have ______ English class?
6. Charles and ______ brother are studying Spanish.
7. Mrs. Miller loves ______ children very much.
8. Virginia says that ______ American friends use short greetings.
9. The American man does not use ______ mother's surname after his father's.
10. The children do not use ______ mother's surname.
Possessive Case
Example: John’s car, The Blakes’ house, the bird’s feather…
- Who is that girl over there? – She is Tom’s girlfriend.
- The Blakes’ house is near my house.
- I am married. My wife’s name is Helen.
- Helen’s father is our teacher.
- He is my parents’ friend.
- Mr. and Mrs. Brown’s children are my friends.
- The dog’s nose is very keen.
EXERCISE
Use the Possessive case to rewrite these sentences
This is the book of Nam.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The tool of the mason is heavy.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
3. She prepared the outfit of her children.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The coat of the boy was torn.

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…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. The caps of the boys are on the shelves.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
6. The desks of the pupils are always clean.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
7. He likes to read the poems of John Keats.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
8. The house of my mother-in-law is in the country.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
The color of her skirt is pink.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
He feeds the cat of his parents.
…………………………………………………………………………………..

2.2. Present Continuous:

S + am / is / are + Ving + C
Usage: Thì Present Continuous đươc dùng để diễn tả:
* Một hành động đang diễn ra ngay lúc ta đang nói.
Ex: What are you doing at the moment? – We are learning English.
Where is your father? – He is working in the garden.
* Một hành động đang diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm hiện tại nhưng chỉ tạm thời.
Ex:
A: Have you found a new job yet?
B: No I haven’t. It’s too bad. At present, I’m working as a shop assistant in my uncle’s
store. I hope I can find a new job soon.
Toan is from VT. But he is living in HCM city at the moment to attend a training course.

* Một hành động được sắp xếp hay lên kế hoạch cụ thể sẽ thực hiện trong tương lai.
Ex:
A: Are you doing anything this afternoon?
B: Oh yes. I am meeting my parents at the station. They will arrive at 2 pm.
Have you heard from Tom and Jane? They are getting married at the end of this year.
I’m having a meeting with the supplier at 2pm.
EXERCISE
Put the verbs into Present Continuous Tense:
1. John (not read) ________ a book now.
2. What you (do) ________ tonight?
3. Jack and Peter (work) ________ late today.

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4. Silvia (not listen) ________ to music at the moment.
5. Maria (sit) ________ next to Paul right now.
6. How many other students_____ you (study) ________ with today?
7. He always (make) ________ noisy at night.
8. Where your husband (be) ________?
9. She (wear) ________ earrings today.
10. The weather (get) ________ cold this season.

2.3. Present Perfect:
S + have / has + Vpast participle + C
Usage: Thì Present perfect được dùng để diễn tả:
* Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại.
Ex: We have lived in this city for over 30 years.

They started to build this temple in 2005 and now the temple is still under construction.
They have built this temple for 5 years.
My son has been sick since last Thursday.
* Một hành động đã xảy ra ở một thời điểm nào đó không xác định trong quá khứ, và
người nói không quan tâm đến thời điểm xảy ra hành động mà chỉ quan tâm hoặc
đề cập đến hay nhấn đến kết quả hay ảnh hưởng của nó ở hiện tại.
Ex: A: There is an interesting film at the movies. Would you like to go with us tonight?
B: Oh, I have seen that film already. Thank you anyway.
A: What are you doing out here? Why don’t you get into your house?
B: Well, I’ve lost my key somewhere and I haven’t found it yet.
A: Oh hi, Peter. This is my boyfriend, David. Have you met each other before?
B: Yes, we have.
A: Oh, really? When was that?
B: At Paul’s wedding last year, I think.
A: Where is Jackson? I’d like to talk to him.
B: He has gone to Washington.
Notice: Tim has been to India. ≠ Tim has gone to India.
* Một hành động hoặc thông báo một điều gì đó vừa mới xảy ra (so với lúc nói) và
thường đi vói trạng từ “just, recently, lately…”
Ex: Have the guests arrived yet? – Yes, they’ve just arrived.
Tom’s just quit his job at the chemical firm.
A: Our boss has just left the office.
B: When?

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A: He left here 5 minutes ago.

* Những trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm đã xảy ra trong đời từ trước đến nay.
Ex: A: Have you ever eaten snake before?
B: Yes. I ate it the first time when I went on a tour in Mekong Delta.
I have been to Egypt twice. But I’ve never seen the Pyramids.
This is the biggest crocodile that I’ve ever seen in my life.
We have traveled by plane 3 times. (That is the third time we traveled by plane.)
* Notice: Present perfect được dùng với các thành ngữ chỉ thời gian như: this morning,
this evening, today, this week, this term… khi khoảng thời gian này vẫn chưa qua đi
vào lúc ta nói.
Ex: I have smoked 20 cigarettes today. (Thời điểm ngày hôm nay vẫn chưa trôi qua)
Have you seen John this morning? (Lúc này vẫn còn là buổi sáng.)
She hasn’t studied very much this term.
EXERCISE
Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect tense, and complete the answers where
necessary.
1. The cat (steal) ___________ the fish.
2. I (ask) ___________ him to dinner several times.
3. Would you like some coffee? I (just / make)___________some.
4. Someone (take) ___________ my bicycle.
5. The phone (stop) ___________ ringing.
6. He (just / go) ___________ out.
7. I (not finish) ___________ my letter yet.
8. There aren't any buses because the drivers (go) ___________ on strike
9. The phone (stop) ___________ ringing.
10. I (buy) ___________ a new carpet. Come and look at it!

2.4. Present Perfect Continuous:

S + have / has been + Ving
Usage: Thì Present Perfect Continuous dùng để chỉ:

* Một hành động diễn tiến liên tục trong khoảng thời gian từ quá khứ đến hiện tại mà
ngay lúc này vẫn còn đang diễn ra hoặc vừa mới chấm dứt.
Ex: He has been doing the homework for nearly an hour.
They’ve been discussing about that since the early afternoon.
It’s been raining all morning.
We’ve been waiting for them for over2 hours.
You are out of breath. Have you been running?
Why is your clothes co dirty? What have you been doing?

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I’m exhausted. I’ve been working hard all day.
* Notice: Ở Present perfect continuous ta chú ý nhiều đến hành động và thời gian diễn
tiến của hành động đó, trong khi ở Present perfect ta chú ý đến sự hoàn thành của
hành động hoặc kết quả hay tác động của hành động ấy.
Ex: Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is now going again. Tom has repaired it.
* Nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động.
Ex: I have worked for this company for 10 years. Or I have been working in this company for
10 years.
A: how long have you been learning English?
B: I’ve been learning English for 3 years.
EXERCISE
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive).
A: (you / take) ____________ the dog for a walk yet?
B: I (work) ____________ all day. I (come / just) ____________ home from work and I
(have / not) ____________ the time yet to walk the dog.

A: How long (the dog / be) ____________ home alone?
B: For about 6 hours. You (walk / not) ____________ the dog for a long time. Don't you want
to go?
A: Well, I (laze / not) ____________ about all day either, you know. I have a very important
meeting tomorrow and I still (finish / not) ____________ my presentation.
B: Okay, I will go then. Where (you / put) ____________ collar and leash?
A: They are in the kitchen. By the way, (you / eat) ____________ anything yet? If not, could
you get us something from the supermarket?

2.5. Simple Past:

S + Vpast + C
Usage: Thì Simple Past đươc dùng để diễn tả:
* Một hành động hoặc một tình huống trong quá khứ.
Ex: It rained all day yesterday but it is better today.
When I lived in New York, I worked in bank.
Mr. Edward died almost 10 years ago.
Did you see Tim this morning? – No, I didn’t.
Did she go to work today? – Yes, she did. But she came very late.
* Notice: Thì Simple Past chú ý đến thời điển của hành động trong khi thì Present
Perfect chí chú ý đến kết quả hay tác động của hành động chú không quan tâm đến
việc hành động ấy xảy ra khi nào.
Ex: John went to Rome last night.
But: He has gone to Rome. (He isn’t home so you can’t meet him.)

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EXERCISE
Fill in the spaces with the correct words to complete the simple past sentences.
1. I _______ (play) video games last night.
2. Michael _______ (jump) on the sofa.
3. We _______ (go) to school yesterday.
4. Dana _______ (watch) a movie yesterday.
5. Last night, it _______ (rain) very hard.
6. He_______ (write) his name on the book.
7. The computer _______ (break) 2 weeks ago.
8. The girls_______ (make) a sand castle at the beach last weekend.
9. I _______ (open) the door 3 minutes ago.
10. He _______ (forget) his jacket at his house.

2.6. Past Continuous:

S + was / were + Ving + C
Usage: Thì Past Continuous dùng để diễn tả:
* Một hành động đang diễn tiến tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
Ex: This time last year I was living in HCM city.
What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night? – I was watching the games on TV.
* Một hành động đang diễn tiến trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra xen
ngang.
Ex: Last night I was sleeping soundly when I heard a strange noise in the kitchen.
He was waiting at the bus stop when he saw her pass by.
When Bob came, everyone was eating.
It suddenly rained while we were holding the camp-fire last night.
When they left the office, it was raining.
The children were discussing excitedly when the principal came in.
When they arrived at the railway station, the train was leaving the platform.
EXERCISE

Put the verbs into the past continuous tense
1.

When I phoned my friends, they (play) __________ monopoly.

2.

Yesterday at six I (prepare) __________ dinner.

3.

The kids (play) __________ in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.

4.

I (practice) __________ the guitar when he came home.

5.

We (not / cycle) __________ all day.

6.

While Alan (work) __________ in his room, his friends (swim) __________ in the pool.

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7.

I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen) __________.

8.

Most of the time we (sit) __________ in the park.

9.

When I arrived, they (play) __________ cards.

10. We (study) __________ English yesterday at 4:00 pm.

2.7. Past Perfect:

S + had + Vpast participle + C
Usage: Thì Past Perfect dùng để diễn tả:
* Một hành động qua 1khứ đã xảy ra hoặc hoàn thành trước một hành động hoặc một
thời điểm quá khứ khác.
Ex: When he came to the class, all the learners had left.
The children had gone to bed by 9 pm last night after quite a tiring trip.
I had finished my report by the time I went out for some drink yesterday.
It’d rained heavily by the time the game began.
* Thì Past perfect là quá khứ của Present perfect
Ex: I’m very pleased to see Helen again now. I haven’t seen her for 5 years.
Last night I met Helen at Paul’s party and I was very pleased to see her again because I
hadn’t seen her for 5 years.
Tim is getting down to work though he has just arrived at the office.
Tim got down to work though he had just arrived at the office this morning.

EXERCISE
Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple)
1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build)___________.
2. He (not / be) ___________ to Cape Town before 1997.
3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) ___________ her homework.
4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) ___________.
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) ___________ six weeks before.
6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) ___________.
7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) ___________ the week before.
8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) ___________ from the tree.
9. (he / phone) ___________ Angie before he went to see her in London?
10. She (not / ride) ___________ a horse before that day.

2.8. Past Perfect Continuous:

S + had been + Ving +

C

Usage: Thì Past Perfect Continuous dùng để:

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* Nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của một hành động hoặc sự diễn tiến của hành động đó trước
một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ex: He had been living in New York for 10 years before he moved to Los Angeles.
Jane had been doing the housework all morning before she went to the market.

* Thì Past Perfect Continuous là quá khứ của Present Perfect Continuous.
Ex: How long have you been waiting (until now)?
How long had you been waiting when the bus finally came?
EXERCISE
Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive).
1. We (sleep) ____________ for 12 hours when he woke us up.
2. They (wait) ____________ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.
3. We (look for) ____________ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the
bathroom.
4. I (not / walk) ____________ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
5. How long (learn / she) ____________ English before she went to London?
6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) ____________ in the rain too long.
7. He (drive) ____________ less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) ____________ on the farm all
day.
9. I (not / work) ____________ all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.
10. They (cycle) ____________ all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

2.9. Simple Future:

S + will + Vinfinitive + C
S + be going to + Vinfinitive + C
Usage: Thì Simple Future dùng Will và Be going to dùng để diễn tả:
* Một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. Nhưng có những khác biệt trong cách dùng
giữa Will và Be going to:
- Will được dùng để nói về tương lai một cách khái quát, chung chung như về quy tắc, lịch
trình và những tiên đoán hay dự báo về tương lai.
Ex: The train will leave in 5 minutes’ time.
When you travel to New York by ship, you will see the Statue of Liberty.
A: I’m very worried about my exam tomorrow.

B: Don’t worry so much. You will pass.
Later…
B: When will you know your exam results?
A: We will get our exam results next week.

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There will be a lot of changes in our country in the next 10 years.
In the next century the world will run out of oil.
- Will đươc dùng khi ta quyết định tức thời (ngay lúc nói) sẽ làm một điều gì đó.
- Be going to được dùng khi ta đã có dự tính hoặc kế hoạch làm điều gì đó trước khi ta nói.
Ex: John: There is an interesting film at the cinema this evening.
Peter: Oh really? I think I will go to see it tonight.
Later…
Mary: Hi! What are you doing this evening?
Peter: Well, I am going to see a very nice film at the cinema. Would you like to go with me?
A: Do you fancy a game of tennis this evening?
B: I am sorry. I am going to have dinner with some partners.
A: Oh my God! I’ve left my wallet at home.
B: Don’t worry. I will lend you some.
- Be going to đươc dùng khi ta cho rằng một sự việc chắc sẽ xảy ra theo một logic hợp lý căn
cứ theo những biểu hiện hoặc chứng cứ ở hiện tại.
Ex:

Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
I feel terrible. I think I am going to be sick.
Tom has been drinking a lot so far. He is going to get drunk soon.

Those bad boys are racing in the street again. It’s so terrible and dangerous.
They are going to have an accident.

EXERCISE
Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using either “going to” or “will” form of the
future tense.
1 Sally: There's no milk left!
Betty: Oh. I _______________ some from the shop. (get)
2 The population of Valencia _______________ 2 million by the year 2010. (reach)
3 Mum: I told you to tidy up your room.
Son: Sorry, Mum, I forgot. I _______________ it after lunch.(do)
4 Sally: Why don't we meet for coffee on Friday morning?
Willy: Sorry. I can't. I _______________ the doctor then. (see)
5 "Tomorrow _______________ a bright and sunny day everywhere in Spain, except in La
Coruña," said the weatherwoman. (be)
6 Look at that big black cloud. I think it _______________. (rain)
7 Sally: What are your plans for the week-end?

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Betty: Brad Pitt phoned. We _______________ on a picnic. (go)
8 Betty: Have you booked the flights yet?
Sally: Don't worry. It's all organized. I _______________ to the travel agent's tomorrow
morning. (go)
9 In the future people _______________ bigger heads. (have)
10 If we miss the bus, we _______________ a taxi. (take)

2.10. Future Continuous:

S + will be + Ving + C
Usage: Thì Future Continuous dùng để diễn tả:
* Một hành động sẽ xảy ra và đang tiếp diễn ở một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.
Ex:

At this time tomorrow, we will be taking the test.
At this time next week, I’ll be on holiday. I’ll probably be lying on a beautiful beach.
Tom works every morning from 9 am until midday. So:
- At 10 o’clock yesterday he was working.
- At 10 o’clock now. He is working.
- At 10 o’clock tomorrow, he will be working.

EXERCISE
Put the verbs into the correct form (future progressive).
1.

Tomorrow morning we (work) _______________.

2.

This time next week we (have) _______________ a party.

3.

At midnight I (sleep) _______________.

4.

This evening we (watch) _______________ a talk show.

5.

They (not/do) _______________ their homework this afternoon.

6.

He (listen) _______________ to music.

7.

I (read) _______________a book this evening.

8.

(walk / you) _______________ home this afternoon?

9.

He (not/draw) _______________ tomorrow morning

10. They (argue) _______________ again?

2.11. Future Perfect:

S + will have + Vpast participle + C
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Usage: Thì Future Perfect dùng để diễn tả
* Một hành động tương lai sẽ xảy ra và hoàn thành (chấm dứt) trước một thời điểm
hoặc một hành động khác trong tương lai.
Ex: We will have arrived there by 12 o’clock.
We are late. I think the film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.
Tom is a football fan and there is a football match on TV this evening. The match begins
at 7.30 pm and ends at 9.15 pm. Jack wants to came and see Tom this evening.
Jack: Is it all right if I come at 8.30?
Tom: No, don’t come then. I’ll be watching the match on TV.
Jack: Oh, well. What about 9.30?
Tom: That’’ be fine. The match will have finished by then
EXERCISE
Change the verb into the correct form of Future Perfect tense:
1. By this time tomorrow, I ______________ (finish) the project.
2. By 8 o'clock, the kids ______________ (fall) asleep.
3. By tomorrow morning, he______________ (sleep) wonderfully.
4. By next year, she ______________ (receive) her promotion.
5. Robin ______________ (sell) his car by next Sunday.
6. Morgan ______________ (clean) the entire house by lunch.
7. We ______________ (dance) a few dances before midnight.
8. At this time tomorrow morning, they ______________ (begin) working.
9. At this time next week, we ______________ (catch) the thief.
10. By 2015, I ______________ (live) in Madrid for 5 years.

2.12. Future Perfect Continuous:

S + will have been + Ving +

C

Usage: Thì Future Perfect Continuous
_Dùng để nhấn mạnh đến khoảng thời gian diễn tiến của một hành động ở thì Future
Perfect
Ex:

By the time we take the test, we will have been taking English for a year.
By the end of the year, she will have been working here for 20 years.
By the time we get home, we will have been driving for 3 hours.

EXERCISE
Change the verb into the correct form:

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1. By midnight, you ______________ (dance) for 4 hours.
2. By dinner, she ______________ (cook) the whole afternoon.
3. He ______________ (work) there for 10 years by 2015.
4. By next year, I ______________ (study) English for 7 years.
5. By next week, we______________ (renovate) for over a month.
6. In 2012, they ______________ (live) here for 4 years.
7. Before December, Barbara ______________ (teach) for a year.
8. By this time tomorrow, I ______________ (do) this exercise for a long time.
9. Jessica ______________ (help) them for 12 months.
10. Bob and Sarah ______________ (cook) for 2 hours at 8 o'clock.

2.13. General Exercise:
Use appropriate tenses for these sentences:
1. Helen (study)______________ since 6 o’clock this morning.
2. Listen! What language______________ they (speak)______________ ?
3. John (be)______________ to Italy twice.
4. We promise we (finish)______________ the work by the time you come back.
5. I (not tell)

______________ her what you’ve said. I promise.

6. They (leave)______________ by the time we arrived.
7. I’ve got a terrible headache. – Oh dear, I (get)______________ you some aspirin.
8. Tom, is it true that you (get)______________ married next week?
9. Would you like a cigarette? – No, thanks. I (not smoke)______________ .
10. Jane (clean)______________ her house all morning before the guests arrived.
11. We (have)______________ dinner when my father came home.
12. My brother (study)______________ engineering next week.
13. Excuse me! I (look)______________ for a phone box. Is there one near here?
14. The teacher returned the papers we (prepare)______________ for him.
15. What______________ you (do)______________ this weekend?
16. How many novels______________ you (write)______________ so far, Mr. Jason?
17. We’ll leave as soon as it (stop)

______________ raining.

18. Lan (learn)______________ English before she came to The U.S.
19. Helen (study)______________ very hard for the mid-term test next week.
20. I (meet)______________ her the first time when I attended a meeting in HCM city
last year.
21. She has spent the whole day in the sun. She (get)______________ sun-burnt.

22. Soon everybody (have)______________ a computer.
23. After we (finish)______________ dinner, we went for a walk.

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24. How long
closed?

______________ you (work)______________ for the company when it

25. We (complete)______________ the railway system by the end of this year.
III. Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives bổ nghĩa cho nouns: a big house; a pretty girl; a large tree; a sweet voice.
Adjectives còn bổ nghĩa cho linking verbs như: feel, look, taste, smell, sound, turn,
become, appear, stay, remain…
Adverbs bổ nghĩa cho verbs:

She speaks softly.
They work rapidly.

Dùng adjective hoặc adverb trong những câu sau:
(careful)

1.

He always does his homework______________ .

(careful)

2.

He is a very______________ student.

(quick)

3.

Come______________ . We need your help.

(slow)

4.

You should drive more______________ along this road.

(slow)

5.

An old man is walking______________ in the park.

(slow)

6.

Helen is a very______________ student.

(rapid)

7.

Her brother, on the other hand, learns very______________ .

(permanent)

8.

Mr. Smith has a ______________ visa.

(permanent)

9.

He hopes to remain in this country______________ .

(easy)

10.
This is an____________ exercise. I can do all the
exercise____________.

(hard)

11.

Helen works very______________ in her new job.

(fast)

12.

You are speaking too______________ .

(fast)

13.

He is a very______________ worker.

(serious)

14.
They are both______________ students. They study
very______________ .

(soft)

15.

This apple is very______________ .

(soft)

16.

She always speaks______________ to the child.

(beautiful)

17.
Mary is a______________ girl. She always plays the
piano______________ .

(good)

18.

She speaks French very______________ .

(good)

19.

The weather today is very______________ .

(good)
20.
This isn’t a very______________ pen. It doesn’t work
very______________.
(sad)

21.

She looked very______________ .

(sad)

22.

He looked at her______________ and said goodbye to her.

(happy)

23.
They feel very ______________ today and are talking______________
to each other.

(delicious)

24.

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The cake tastes so______________ .

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(sweet)

25.
The roses smell______________ . The oranges taste
very______________ .

III. Comparatives – Superlative
3.1. Comparatives – Superlative of Adjective
Để so sánh 2 sự vật, hiện tượng ta dùng so sánh hơn (Comparative Form)

Công thức:

S + More + Adjective + than + S
S + Adjective + ER + Than + S

Để so sánh 1 sự vật với 2 hoặc nhiều sự vật khác chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh nhất
(Superlative Form)
Công thức:
S + Be+ the most + Adjective + Noun
S + Be+ the Adjective + EST + Noun
Quy tắc thêm er hoặc more và -est hoặc Most
Tính từ chỉ có 1 âm tiết - One-syllable adjectives: ta thêm –er đối với so sánh hơn và thêm
–est đối với so sánh nhất vào sau tính từ.
Tính từ 1 âm tiết

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Tall

Taller

Tallest

Old

Older

Oldest

Long

Longer

Longest

Ex:
Mary is taller than Max.
Mary is the tallest of all the students.
Max is older than John.
Of the three students, Max is the oldest.
My hair is longer than your hair.
Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.
Nếu tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng e, thì với so sánh hơn, ta chỉ việc thêm -r, đối với so sánh
nhất thì ta thêm -st
Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là –e

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Large

Larger

Largest

Wise

Wiser

Wisest

Nếu tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là 1 phụ âm và liền trước nó là một nguyên âm thì ta sẽ nhân
đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm -er (đối với so sánh hơn) hoặc -est (đối với so sánh nhất)
Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng
1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm
Big

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Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Bigger

Biggest

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Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Thin

Thinner

Thinnest

Fat

Fatter

Fattest

1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm

Với tính từ 2 hay nhiều âm tiết
Hầu hết chúng ta thêm More đối với so sánh hơn và the most đối với so sánh nhất vào phía
trước tính từ 2 hay nhiều âm tiết
Tính từ 2 hay nhiều âm tiết: Comparative Form

Superlative Form

Peaceful

more peaceful

most peaceful

pleasant

more pleasant

most pleasant

careful

more careful

most careful

thoughtful

more thoughtful

most thoughtful

Ex:
This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.
Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.
Max is more careful than Mike.
Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful.
Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.
Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met.
Nếu tính từ 2 âm tiết tận cùng là Y, OW, ER, LE thì ta áp dụng như tính từ 1 âm tiết (thêm
–er đối với so sánh hơn, hoặc thêm –est với so sánh nhất.)
Adjectives:

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

happy

happier

happiest

angry

angrier

angriest

busy

busier

busiest

narrow

narrower

narrowest

shallow

shallower

shallowest

clever

cleverer

cleverest

simple

simpler

simplest

Ex:
John is happier today than he was yesterday.
John is the happiest boy in the world.
Max is angrier than Mary.
Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.
Mary is busier than Max.
Mary is the busiest person I've ever met.

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The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
Trường hợp ngoại lệ -Irregular adjectives
Irregular Adjective

Comparative Form

Superlative Form

good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

far

farther

farthest

little

less

least

many

more

most

Ex:
Italian food is better than American food.
My dog is the best dog in the world.
My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.
Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.
Dưới đây là tập hợp các tính từ gồm có 2 vần có thể thêm more hoặc Er đối với so sánh hơn,
và most hoặc -est đối với so sánh nhất.
Tính từ 2 vần Comparative Form Superlative Form
clever

cleverer

cleverest

clever

more clever

most clever

gentle

gentler

gentlest

gentle

more gentle

most gentle

friendly

friendlier

friendliest

friendly

more friendly

most friendly

quiet

quieter

quietest

quiet

more quiet

most quiet

simple

simpler

simplest

simple

more simple

most simple

3.2. Comparison of Equals

S + V + as + adj + as + noun/ pronoun
Ex: Rome is as beautiful as Paris.

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San Francisco is not as big as Los Angeles.
Mary is as old as Jane.

Not so many as

/ not as many

Not so much ___as _ / not as much

as
as

= more …..than
= more than

Ex: Not as many people came to the meeting this week as last week.
= There were more people at the meeting last week (than this week).
More tobacco was sold in 1994 than in 1995.
= Not as much tobacco was sold in 1995 as in 1994.
EXERCISE: Change the following sentences:
1.

More people live in New York than in Washington.
Not… …………………………………………………………………………………..

2.

Not as many people go to the movies nowadays as they went in the 1940s.
Many more………………………………………………………………………………

3.

Not as much coffee is drunk by young people as sodas.
More young people………………………………………………………………………

4.

More people are health conscious nowadays than they were 20 years ago.
Not……………………………………………………………………………………..

5.

More butter is eaten in America than in Europe.
Not……………………………………………………………………………………..

6.

Not as many people were unemployed in Britain in the 1980s as in the 1990s.
Many
more……………………………………………………………………………………..

7.

More students attend college in America than in Europe.
Not……………………………………………………………………………………..

8.

Not as many students took art courses last year as science courses.
More……………………………………………………………………………………..

3.3. Double Comparision
+ Cùng một tính từ:
- Tính từ/Trạng từ ngắn:
- Tính từ/Trạng từ dài:

S + V + adj/adv + er + and + adj/adv + er

S + V + more and more + adj/adv

Ex:
The weather gets colder and colder. (Tính từ ngắn)
His daughter becomes more and more intelligent. (Tính từ dài)

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+ 2 tính từ khác nhau:

The + comparative + S + V the + comparative + S + V
(The + comparative: The + từ ở dạng so sánh hơn)
Ex:
The richer she is the more selfish she becomes.
The more intelligent he is the lazier he becomes.
EXERCISE: Use double comparative in these sentences:
1. The less he works,______________ (happy) he is.
2. The bigger the car is,______________ (fast) you can go.
3. ______________ (fresh) it is, ______________ (good) it will taste.
4. ______________ (much) you eat,______________ (fat) you will get.
5. ______________ (little)

you spend,______________ (much) you save.

6. It was becoming______________ (cold) and______________ (cold).
7. I was getting______________ (exhausted) and______________ (exhausted).
8. The weather was bad and getting______________ (bad)______________ (bad).

9. ______________ (much) I think about his behavior,______________ (angry) I feel.
10. You’ve looked______________ (beautiful) and______________ (beautiful).
* Notice:
a/ After “than” or “as” we should use a subjective pronoun.
Ex: He is more careful than I (am).
He is not as old as she (is).
She has more power than I (do).
b/ When the objects of two clauses are being compares, then the objective pronouns are
used for both.
Ex: I like you better than him. / I like you better than he.
EXERCISE: Correct the following sentences:
1. I am not as rich as him.
2. She has more time than me.
3. We are stronger than they.
4. They are more ignorant than us.
5. He does not like me as much as her.
6. He is not as fast as her.
7. You speak English better than him.
8. She loves him more than I.
c/ After “like” we use nouns or pronouns. After “as” we use a clause
Ex:

He eats with chopsticks like the Chinese.

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